A dataset on eye movement tracking during the resolution of neuropsychological tests on a screen.

The dataset provides data obtained with eye-tracking while 55 volunteers solved 3 distinct neuropsychological tests on a screen inside a closed room. Among the 55 volunteers, 22 were women and 33 were men, all with ages ranging between 9 and 50, and 5 of whom were diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) [1]. The eye-tracker used for the collection of the data was an EyeTribe, which has a sampling rate of 60 Hz and an average visual angle between 0.5 and 1, which correspond to an on-screen error between 0.5 and 1cm (0.1969 to 0.393 inches aprox) respectively, when the distance to the user is around 60cm (23.62 in) [2], which was the case during the collection of these data. The neuropsychological tests were implemented in a software named NEURO-INNOVA KIDS® [3], which are the following: a domino test adapted from the D-48 intelligence test [4], an adaptation of the MASMI test consisting of unfolded cubes [5], the figures series completion test adapted from [6], and the Poppelreuter figures test [7]. Before each of the tests, a calibration process was performed, ensuring that the visual angle error was less than or equal to 0.5 cm (0.1969 in), which is considered an acceptable calibration. The collective mean duration of the four administered tests amounted to 20 minutes. This dataset exhibits significant promise for potential utilization due to the extensive prevalence of these neuropsychological assessments among healthcare practitioners for evaluating diverse cognitive faculties in individuals. Moreover, it has been empirically established that poor performance on these tests is associated with attention deficits [8].

[Use of physical restraints in the elderly in an emergency department. Analysis of clinical, environmental and health care team organization factors associated with decision making]. / Uso de sujeciones físicas en ancianos atendidos en un servicio de urgencias. Análisis de los factores clínicos, del entorno y de la organización del equipo sanitario asociados en la toma de decisiones.

OBJETIVE: To determine the influence of different factors involved in the decision to apply physical restraints (PR) in the management the elderly people with conduct disorders in an emergency department (ED) METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted in the ED of the Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa (Leganés, Madrid). We included 125 elderly people with disruptive behaviors and collected clinical, patient handling, organizational and environmental variables. Individuals who had undergone PR were analyzed to learn what factors were related to the final decision to restrain. RESULTS: 32.8% of the participants underwent PR. The aspects that most influenced the decision to restrain were those related to the organization and environment: specific staff training decreased the probability of restraint by 50% (P<.05) and good support from the whole team reduced the risk of using SF by up to 75% (P<.0005). Related patient handling factors such as verbal restraint, pain relief, family accompaniment and early mobilization significantly reduced the use of PR (P<.05). The only patient-dependent clinical aspect that increased the risk of SF was male sex (P<.05). Other factors unrelated to the probability of applying PR were, among others, nurse-patient ratio, type of behavior, age, or functional/cognitive status. CONCLUSIONS: Exclusively clinical factors of the patient had little influence on the decision to restrain the elderly in an ED. However, environmental, organizational, and behavioral handling variables could favor more respectful alternatives and thus reduce the use of PR in the elderly with disruptive behaviors in the ED.

Seborrheic Pemphigus: A Misunderstood Variant of Pemphigus Foliaceus.

Seborrheic pemphigus (SP) represents a localized and superficial form of pemphigus foliaceus (PF) often mistaken for other dermatological conditions such as seborrheic dermatitis (SD) due to clinical similarities. Additionally, SP may be conceptually confused with pemphigus erythematosus (PE) due to historical terminology and overlapping clinical features. We present a case study of a 38-year-old female initially diagnosed with SD but later identified as SP through detailed clinical and histopathological analysis. We discuss the challenges in accurately diagnosing SP, emphasizing the importance of distinguishing it from PE and other acantholytic dermatoses. Furthermore, we highlight the effectiveness of topical treatment in managing SP, contrary to the systemic therapy often required for PE. Our findings underscore the necessity for further research to optimize management strategies for SP and emphasize the significance of precise terminology in clinical practice and research.

Peritumoral Clefts in Basal Cell Carcinoma: Matrix Metabolism and Primary Cilium.

The phenomenon of tissue retraction, characterized by peritumoral spaces or clefts, is prominent in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) tumors, yet its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Proposed factors include changes in cell structures, enzymatic activity, and alterations in the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. This article discusses these factors and proposes that structural changes in BCC cells' primary cilia may contribute to matrix alterations, leading to the formation of peritumoral clefts. Further research is needed to confirm these hypotheses and understand BCC's unique growth patterns.

Post-traumatic Bullous Pilomatrixoma Exploring the Pathogenesis.

ABSTRACT: This report demonstrates the rare variant of bullous pilomatrixoma in a 10-year-old boy who presented with a rapidly growing, red-colored, bullous nodule on his neck after trauma. The exact etiology of this subtype of pilomatrixoma is unclear, but previous studies have suggested that mechanical trauma may trigger its development.

Ulcerative Unilateral Tinea Manuum Caused by Nannizzia gypsea.

Dermatophytes, fungi specialized in keratin degradation, are key agents in skin infections, commonly referred to as tineas. Tinea manuum, affecting the hands, typically presents in noninflammatory or inflammatory forms, with ulcerative manifestations rarely reported. Nannizzia gypsea, a relatively uncommon cause of tineas, exhibits variable prevalence influenced by geographic factors. This study investigates a case of Ulcerative Unilateral Tinea Manuum caused by N. gypsea, aiming to explore the differential diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management. A 23-year-old female from the Yucatan Peninsula presented with an ulcerated lesion on her left hand. Initially suspected as Leishmaniasis, subsequent examination revealed tinea manuum. The study discusses differential diagnoses, highlighting the rarity of ulcerative presentations in dermatophytosis, and explores potential pathogenic mechanisms. This case underscores the importance of considering dermatophytes in ulcerative skin lesions and suggests a comprehensive diagnostic approach, particularly in endemic regions.

Microsporum canis-Induced Tinea Capitis: A Rapid Screening Algorithm.

Tinea capitis is a common fungal infection of the scalp, primarily affecting children, and caused by fungi like Trichophyton and Microsporum. Its pathogenesis is influenced by both host-specific and environmental factors, resulting in various clinical presentations including hair loss and scaling of the scalp. We present the case of an eight-year-old male with tinea capitis, characterized by itching and hair loss in the occipital area. Examination revealed characteristic findings on trichoscopy, and direct examination of hair confirmed parasitization. Treatment with terbinafine was initiated, leading to the resolution of symptoms. Epidemiological variations in the etiology of tinea capitis exist globally, with Trichophyton predominating in some regions and Microsporum in others. Trichoscopy is a valuable diagnostic tool for differentiating fungal infections, guiding treatment decisions. Despite the efficiency of direct skin and hair examination, the common occurrence of tinea and the lack of mycological centers in many clinics pose challenges. To address this, we propose integrating trichoscopy and epidemiological and clinical data for a quick in-office decision tool.

Tinea Capitis Kerion Type in Three Siblings Caused by Nannizzia Gypsea.

This case report describes a rare occurrence of tinea capitis kerion type caused by Nannizzia gypsea in three siblings. The clinical presentation included pseudo-alopecic plaques with a dirty appearance, erythema, and honey-like crusts. A direct examination revealed ecto-endothrix parasitization in the hair shaft. Shared use of a comb among the siblings was suspected as the mode of transmission. Treatment with oral terbinafine resulted in a complete resolution. Systematic epidemiological surveys on N. gypsea tinea infections are scarce, and preliminary data from our center indicated a higher prevalence. The literature review identified five reported cases of N. gypsea-induced tinea capitis.

Stimulus encoding by specific inactivation of cortical neurons.

Neuronal ensembles are groups of neurons with correlated activity associated with sensory, motor, and behavioral functions. To explore how ensembles encode information, we investigated responses of visual cortical neurons in awake mice using volumetric two-photon calcium imaging during visual stimulation. We identified neuronal ensembles employing an unsupervised model-free algorithm and, besides neurons activated by the visual stimulus (termed "onsemble"), we also find neurons that are specifically inactivated (termed "offsemble"). Offsemble neurons showed faster calcium decay during stimuli, suggesting selective inhibition. In response to visual stimuli, each ensemble (onsemble+offsemble) exhibited small trial-to-trial variability, high orientation selectivity, and superior predictive accuracy for visual stimulus orientation, surpassing the sum of individual neuron activity. Thus, the combined selective activation and inactivation of cortical neurons enhances visual encoding as an emergent and distributed neural code.

Sporadic Kaposi Sarcoma Following a COVID-19 Vaccine: Mere Coincidence or Something More?

In this case report, we present a distinctive occurrence of classic Kaposi sarcoma (KS) in an individual of Latin origin, emerging seven days following the administration of the third dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca) vaccine. The progression of KS continued over two months, culminating in the development of a tumor. Given the absence of prior reports on KS development post-COVID-19 vaccination, the primary aim of this report is to explore the potential relationship between the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, reactivation of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus, and the subsequent onset of KS.

Acro-Ischemia Associated With SARS-CoV-2: A Case Report.

COVID-19 is known to cause various cutaneous lesions, including acro-ischemic lesions (AIL), which are associated with poor prognosis. Anticoagulant therapy has shown positive responses in AIL patients. However, in this case study, we present a fatal AIL case despite anticoagulant therapy. We propose different treatment approaches based on the limited current data on acro-ischemia pathogenesis related to SARS-CoV-2. The clinical case involved a 59-year-old male with severe COVID-19 symptoms, including acrocyanosis and right hemiparesis. Despite receiving anticoagulant therapy, the patient's condition worsened, leading to necrosis in the left foot. The discussion focuses on the high-risk nature of AIL, the potential link between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and vasculitis or thromboembolic manifestations, and the role of immune clots in AIL pathogenesis. Behçet syndrome is referenced as a model of inflammation-induced thrombosis, guiding the suggestion for immunosuppressant-based treatment in addition to anticoagulants. Additionally, three substances, N-acetyl cysteine, sulodexide, and hydroxychloroquine, are proposed.

An Immune-Based Therapeutical Approach in an Elderly Patient With Fixed Cutaneous Sporotrichosis.

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous fungal infection caused by thermally dimorphic fungi from the Sporothrix genus, primarily prevalent in tropical regions of Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Mexico's Jalisco state is an endemic hotspot with a remarkable prevalence rate of 54.4%. Clinical presentation varies based on immune status and virulence. The most common form is cutaneous-lymphangitic (67%), with fixed cutaneous cases accounting for 28%. This case study explores a traditional therapeutic approach for fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis but introduces a distinct immunological perspective.

Retrospective Analysis of a Seborrheic Keratosis-Like Melanoma on the Head.

We present a clinical case of a 50-year-old female initially suspected of seborrheic keratosis but later diagnosed with melanoma through biopsy. This case highlights the challenges in distinguishing between these two conditions and emphasizes the importance of accurate diagnosis. Overdiagnosis of malignancy in seborrheic keratosis cases and the accurate identification of melanoma through dermoscopy are discussed. Further research is needed to explore potential mechanistic connections between seborrheic keratosis and melanoma.

Biosynthesis of the Inner Core of Bordetella pertussis Lipopolysaccharides: Effect of Mutations on LPS Structure, Cell Division, and Toll-like Receptor 4 Activation.

Previously developed whole-cell vaccines against Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, appeared to be too reactogenic due to their endotoxin content. Reduction in endotoxicity can generally be achieved through structural modifications in the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). In this study, we found that dephosphorylation of lipid A in B. pertussis through the heterologous production of the phosphatase LpxE from Francisella novicida did, unexpectedly, not affect Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-stimulating activity. We then focused on the inner core of LPS, whose synthesis has so far not been studied in B. pertussis. The kdtA and kdkA genes, responsible for the incorporation of a single 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) residue in the inner core and its phosphorylation, respectively, appeared to be essential. However, the Kdo-bound phosphate could be replaced by a second Kdo after the heterologous production of Escherichia coli kdtA. This structural change in the inner core affected outer-core and lipid A structures and also bacterial physiology, as reflected in cell filamentation and a switch in virulence phase. Furthermore, the eptB gene responsible for the non-stoichiometric substitution of Kdo-bound phosphate with phosphoethanolamine was identified and inactivated. Interestingly, the constructed inner-core modifications affected TLR4-stimulating activity. Whereas endotoxicity studies generally focus on the lipid A moiety, our data demonstrate that structural changes in the inner core can also affect TLR4-stimulating activity.

Sebaceous Adenoma: A Dermoscopic Case Perspective.

This report focuses on sebaceous skin tumors, specifically sebaceous adenoma, sebaceoma, and sebaceous carcinoma, along with their association with Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS). A clinical case of a 25-year-old male with a suspected sebaceous neoplasm based on dermoscopy appearance is presented. The histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis and surgical management resulted in successful treatment. The report highlights the importance of considering differential diagnoses and utilizing dermoscopy for accurate evaluation of these rare skin tumors.

Corrigendum: Ring attractor bio-inspired neural network for social robot navigation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2023.1211570.].

Basal Cell Carcinoma in the Periungual Region: A Rare Case and Pathogenesis Insights.

This case report presents a rare occurrence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in the periungual region of the thumb. BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, typically found in sun-exposed areas. The discussion explores the underlying pathogenesis mechanisms, including the role of ultraviolet exposure, the absence of pilosebaceous units, and the involvement of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway. Understanding the complexities of BCC in atypical locations is essential for effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report and Discussion on Allergic Reactions and Vaccine Safety.

This case report examines a rare occurrence of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) following the administration of the CoronaVac vaccine for COVID-19. The patient developed persistent urticarial lesions that appeared and disappeared over an extended period after receiving the vaccine. The diagnosis of CSU was supported by histopathological examination and the close temporal correlation between symptom onset and vaccination. The discussion focuses on the immune mechanisms involved in CSU, the potential triggers of allergic reactions to COVID-19 vaccines, and the importance of further research to identify specific allergenic components. This case underscores the need for vigilance in monitoring and reporting adverse events related to COVID-19 vaccination to ensure vaccine safety and optimize public health strategies.

Disseminated Cutaneous Mycobacterium chelonae Infection in an Immunocompetent Patient.

We present a case report on disseminated cutaneous Mycobacterium chelonae infection with a sporotrichoid pattern in an immunocompetent patient. The aim of this report is to contribute to the existing knowledge on the clinical presentation and management of this uncommon presentation.