Higher Polynomial Identities for Mutations of Associative Algebras.

We study polynomial identities satisfied by the mutation product xpy-yqx on the underlying vector space of an associative algebra A, where p, q are fixed elements of A. We simplify known results for identities in degree 4, proving that only two identities are necessary and sufficient to generate them all; in degree 5, we show that adding one new identity suffices; in degree 6, we demonstrate the existence of a significant number of new identities, which induce us to conjecture that the variety generated by mutation algebras of associative algebras is not finitely based.

Cell viability and physicochemical effects of different concentrations of bismuth trioxide in a mineral trioxide aggregate cement.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of three concentrations of bismuth trioxide (Bi2O3) on the biological and physicochemical properties of an experimental mineral trioxide aggregate-type (MTA-type) cement at different time points. METHODS: Three experimental groups with white Portland cement containing 15, 20, or 25 wt% of Bi2O3 were assessed. Cellular proliferation in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts was evaluated with an MTT assay. Radiopacity, dimensional stability, pH, and compressive strength were evaluated at different time points. RESULTS: Bismuth trioxide induced cell proliferation in the Bi15 and Bi25 groups in a time-dependent manner; pH was similar in all groups. Compressive strength was associated with time and bismuth concentration. Bi25 had significantly contracted at day 7 and expanded at day 14 (ANOVA P < 0.05, post hoc Tukey test P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A higher Bi2O3 concentration had a negative effect on the physical properties of the cement at all time points.

Predictive factors of problematic smartphone use in young Spanish university students.

Smartphones have evolved from being a helpful tool in our days to be an indispensable complement. Its presence in our daily lives has grown to reach a problematic use on occasions. This fact is even more remarkable when we speak of young adults and adolescents, in which problematic situations can be identified as derived from its use. In this study, we analyze the self-perception of 409 young adults pursuing an Education university degree on the use and consumption of the smartphone via their responses to the Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale. The results show that, despite not perceiving the use of the mobile phone as problematic, some of the behaviors described by them as habitual would imply inappropriate use of the smartphone. Some outlined by the sample included mitigating loneliness, fear of isolation, or using it to feel better. Surprisingly, these are not recognized as problematic, despite being some of the most apparent indicators of misuse. The analysis of the results shows how younger populations and, mainly women, present this type of worrying and unconscious behavior. However, the increasing use of these devices within training areas offer new options to favor its proper use, mitigating the possible adverse effects of its use.

Use of topical sevoflurane in pressure ulcer treatment in a double-lung transplant patient.

Pain caused by wounds of different etiology is usually treated with oral analgesics. New topical use of products such as the ether anesthetic sevoflurane shows good results for pain control and has additional benefits. Pressure ulcers are painful and patients may benefit from the use of sevoflurane. We present the case of a double-lung transplant patient with a long-standing sacral pressure ulcer with poor pain control, for which sevoflurane dressings were used. The number of pain-free hours after application, the amount of daily analgesics and the size of the wound were monitored with the mobile wound application MOWA. After several days of sevoflurane application, the patient reduced analgesic consumption, remained longer free of pain, and the size of the wound decreased. Unfortunately, the patient had serious complications due to multiple comorbidities and died before the wound healed completely. Topical use of sevoflurane in pressure ulcers may be a good option to treat pain and improve patient quality of life.

Equilibrio emocional, capacidad de autocuidado e integridad cutánea en la persona ostomizada / Emotional balance, self-care ability and skin integrity in ostomized persons

Objetivo: explorar la relación entre equilibrio emocional, autocuidado e integridad cutánea en personas ostomizadas mediante criterios de resultado NOC. Método: estudio observacional prospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes ostomizados en seguimiento en "Consulta de Ostomía" a los siete días del alta, a los dos, seis y 12 meses. Se estudiaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y de resultado, basadas en ocho indicadores relacionados con los NOC (1101) Integridad tisular: piel y membranas mucosas, (1615) Autocuidado de la ostomía y (1204) Equilibrio emocional. Se realizó análisis descriptivo, usando frecuencias, medias y desviaciones estándar (DE). Se estudiaron las correlaciones entre los indicadores derivados de los NOC. Resultados: se incluyeron 55 pacientes. El 65,45% (n= 36) era hombre, con una edad media (DE) de 67,45 (13,4) años, siendo el 58,2% mayores de 65 años. Se restableció la continuidad intestinal en el 50,90% (n= 28) de los participantes. La integridad de la piel la consiguió el 10,90% (n= 6) (visita 1), llegando al 100% (n= 20) (visita 4). Logró un autocuidado adecuado el 18,18% (n= 10) (visita 1), llegando al 100% (n= 20) (visita 4). No consiguió equilibrio emocional ningún paciente en la visita 1, obteniéndolo el 34% (n= 17) (visita 2), el 59,5% (n= 21) (visita 3) y el 70% (n= 14) (visita 4). Las correlaciones entre variables se presentan de forma directa y positiva, con niveles de asociación moderado-bueno. Todas son estadísticamente significativas. Conclusiones: el porcentaje de pacientes con problemas en la piel periestomal mejora a lo largo del seguimiento. El autocuidado aumenta gradualmente así como el equilibrio emocional. Hay relación directa y positiva entre integridad cutánea y autocuidado, calidad del sueño, apetito, mantenimiento del arreglo e higiene personal y manifestación de un estado de ánimo sereno

Objective: to explore the relationship between emotional balance, self-care and skin integrity in ostomized persons through the NOC Outcomes Criteria. Method: a prospective observational study, including ostomized patients under follow-up in the Ostomy Unit at seven days after discharge, and at two, six and 12 months. Sociodemographical, clinical and outcome variables were studied, based on eight indicators associated with the NOC (1101) Tissue Integrity: Skin & Mucous Membranes, (1615) Ostomy Self-Care and (1204) Emotional Balance. A descriptive analysis was conducted, using frequencies, means and standard deviations (SD). Correlations between NOC-derived indicators were studied. Results: the study included 55 patients; 65.45% (n= 36) were male, with 67.45 (13.4) years as mean age (SD), and 58.2% were >65-year-old. Intestinal continuity was restored in 50.90% (n= 28) of the participants; 10.90% (n= 6) achieved skin integrity (visit 1), reaching 100% (n= 20) (visit 4). An adequate self-care was achieved by 18.18% (n= 10) (visit 1), reaching 100% (n= 20) (visit 4). No patient achieved emotional balance at Visit 1; 34% (n= 17) had achieved it at Visit 2, 59.5% (n= 21) at Visit 3, and 70% (n= 14) at Visit 4. Correlations between variables were presented in a direct and positive manner, with Moderate-Good association levels; all of them were statistically significant. Conclusions: the proportion of patients with problems in peristomal skin improved throughout follow-up. Self-care was gradually increased, as well as emotional balance. There was a direct and positive relationship between skin integrity and self-care, quality of sleep, appetite, maintaining personal hygiene and care, and reporting a serene mood

Adherence to initial exclusive breastfeeding among Chinese born and native Spanish mothers.

BACKGROUND: Benefits of breastfeeding on the health of children, mothers and society are well known. However, breastfeeding rates vary according to the population examined. Chinese-born women migrated to high-income countries have shown low breastfeeding rates. Nevertheless, studies comparing breastfeeding rates of Chinese-born immigrants and natives are scarce. The aims of this study were therefore: 1) to compare the rate of exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge after giving birth between Chinese-born women resident in Spain and native Spanish women, 2) to assess the influence of the biological, socioeconomic, work-related and cultural factors on exclusive breastfeeding in women of Chinese origin. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study with between group comparisons. This study included 73 postpartum women (33 Chinese-born and 40 native Spanish women). The association between exclusive breastfeeding and the country of origin was assessed by binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Native Spanish women showed a greater prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (80%) compared to Chinese born immigrant women (36.4%) (adjusted for socioeconomic status, parental level of education, age, cesareans and birth weight) (OR = 0.21; 95% CI 0.05-0.91; p = 0.037). However, in other models that considered both work and cultural influences, no differences were observed. DISCUSSION: The classic biological and socioeconomic variables (educational and socioeconomic levels) do not seem to explain the lower rates of exclusive breastfeeding among Chinese immigrant women. This paradigm of inequity appears to be based on both the work conditions as well as cultural characteristics of Chinese born women in Spain, such as their overall attitude towards breastfeeding.

Comparison of attitudes to breastfeeding among Spanish-born and Chinese-born postpartum women in Madrid.

BACKGROUND: Maternal breastfeeding is a practice that is associated with multiple health benefits for mothers and children. One of the lowest rates of breastfeeding has been observed among Chinese women who immigrate to high income countries. At present, there is a lack of comparative information between this group and that of Spanish-born women. Considering the relationship between the attitude of women towards breastfeeding and the initiation of breastfeeding, the aim of the study was to determine whether the attitude towards breastfeeding among Chinese postpartum women who have immigrated to Spain differs from that of Spanish-born postpartum women. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, with between-group comparison, of 73 postpartum Spanish-born and Chinese immigrant women admitted to the maternity units of "12 de Octubre" Hospital (Spain) between April and November 2016. Attitudes toward breastfeeding were analyzed using the Spanish or Chinese version of the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS). A wide set of socioeconomic, biological, working and attitudinal conditions were considered as covariates. The association between IIFAS and country of origin was assessed by three multiple linear regression models (B, SE, and 95% confidence interval were calculated). RESULTS: All Chinese women were first generation immigrants. Chinese-born women were four years younger than Spanish-born mothers, had a lower educational level, more frequently had a paid job (mainly self-employed), and planned to return to work almost two months earlier than Spanish-born mothers did. Most Chinese women did not breastfeed exclusively.Chinese immigrant women obtained scores of approximately 9 points less in the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) when compared to Spanish-born women [95% CI -15.59, -2.48], after adjusting for the different socioeconomic, educational and work-related factors. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese-born women resident in Spain present a lower score on the IIFAS, when compared to Spanish-born women, which implies a more negative attitude towards breastfeeding. The between-groups difference is consistent, even when adjusting for known confounders and other factors which could affect the attitude of the mothers. It is therefore striking that, despite being in Spain, Chinese-born women maintain these preferences/attitudes regarding breastfeeding, compared with Spanish-born women, who obtain overall high scores.

Liberación de fluoruro de dos cementos de ionómero de vidrio: estudio in vitro / Fluoride release of two glass-ionomer cements: in vitro study

Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue comparar la cantidad de fluoruro liberada por dos cementos de ionómero de vidrio: Ketac Molar Easymix® (3M ESPE), el cual es de reciente aparición en el mercado y ofrece la ventaja de mezclarse fácilmente, y FUJI II® (GC Dental industrial Corporation), el cual ha estado a la venta por más tiempo. Métodos: Ambos materiales se manipularon de acuerdo con las indicaciones del fabricante. Se realizaron 15 muestras de cada cemento de ionómero de vidrio, utilizando conformadores de muestras de 4 mm de diámetro por 6 mm de altura. Se colocó el cemento de ionómero de vidrio en los conformadores y se prensó. Las muestras fueron introducidas en una estufa (37 ± 1 ºC a 90% de humedad relativa). Una hora después las muestras se retiraron de la estufa y fueron inmersas individualmente en 1 mL de agua desionizada, en un recipiente de plástico sellado herméticamente. Posteriormente se almacenaron en una cámara a 37 ± 1 ºC. A las 24 horas se retiraron las muestras de la cámara y de la solución de almacenaje, se enjuagaron con agua desionizada, se eliminó el exceso de agua con papel secante y se transfirieron a otro recipiente, añadiendo 1 mL de agua desionizada para colocar las muestras en la estufa bajo las mismas condiciones. A la solución de almacenaje se le agregó la solución tampón de ajuste de la fuerza iónica total para ser leída utilizando un potenciómetro y un electrodo selectivo para fluoruros bajo agitación magnética. Para llevar a cabo la determinación de fluoruro, previamente se prepararon soluciones del mismo a diferentes concentraciones para establecer la curva de calibración. El mismo procedimiento se realizó de la manera antes descrita los 36 días que duró el estudio. Resultados: Ambos cementos liberaron fluoruro. La más alta liberación se presentó durante las primeras 24 horas para ambos cementos, declinó en el segundo día y gradualmente disminuyó con el tiempo. Los resultados fueron analizados estadísticamente utilizando la prueba Mann-Whitney, en la cual no se encontraron diferencias significativas. Conclusiones: Ambos cementos de ionómero de vidrio presentan una liberación similar de fluoruro. Los cementos de ionómero de vidrio son ideales en odontología preventiva y en la técnica restaurativa atraumática.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the amount of fluoride released by two glass-ionomer cements: Ketac Molar Easymix® (3M ESPE), which has recently appeared in the market and offers the additional advantage of easy mixing, and FUJI II® (GC Dental Industrial Corporation), which has been for a longer time available in the market. Methods: Both materials were handled according to the manufacturer's instructions. 15 samples were made of each glass ionomer cement using sample molds which measured 4 mm diameter x 6 mm height. Glass ionomer cement was placed into the molds and then pressed. Samples were introduced in an oven (37 ± 1 ºC at 90% relative humidity). After one hour had elapsed, samples were withdrawn from the oven and then individually immersed in 1 mL de-ionized water in a hermetically sealed plastic container, to be later stored in a chamber at 37 ± 1 ºC. After 24 hours, samples were removed from the chamber and withdrawn from the storing solution, they were then rinsed with deionized water and excess water was removed with blotting paper. Samples were then transferred to another container adding 1 mL deionized water in order to be placed in the oven under the same conditions. Total ionic strength adjustment buffer solution was incorporated into the storing solution for it to be read with the help of a potentiometer (pH-meter) and a fluoride selective electrode for fluoride under magnetic agitation. Prior to conducting fluoride measurements, solutions were prepared in different concentrations in order to establish the calibration curve. The same procedure was performed in the aforementioned manner during the 36 days which the study lasted. Results: Both cements released fluoride. For both cements, highest release was observed during the first 24 hours. Release declined during the second day and kept gradually decreasing with time. Results were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. No statistically significant differences were observed. Conclusions: Both glass ionomer cements exhibited similar fluoride release. Glass ionomer cement are ideal for use in preventive dentistry as well as in atraumatic restorative technique.

Salud de los trabajadores en Nicaragua una aproximación / Centenario 2001-2002 / Health of the workers in Nicaragua an approximation

Presenta documento que aborda la temática de la Salud de los Trabajadores en Nicaragua. El documento fue elaborado por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS)en Nicaragua, el cual promueve y orienta estrategias y programáticas que estan directamente relacionadas con el estado de salud fisica y psíquica y esto se logra desarrollando e implementando programas de Salud, Higiene y Seguridad Ocupacional. Pretende aportar la información necesaria a los diferentes actores en del país, para desarrollar un plan de acción nacional sostenible que promocione la seguridad, higiene y salud de los trabajadores, implementando sitios de trabajo saludables. el Plan reconoce que el liderazgo nacional representa el núcleo central de la lucha por el desarrollo sostenible de la salud de los trabajadores. La cooperación de la OPS promueve su consolidación tanto en el ámbito central como en el ámbito local, busca contribuir con los países para que actúan sobre los factores, físicos, biológicos, químicos y psicológicos y los procedimientos peligrosos que tienen una acción deletérea sonbre la salud de los trabajadores, tanto en el sector normal como el informal

Diagnóstico legal sobre el manejo de plaguicidas / Legal diagnostic of pesticides

Trabajo elaborado a partir de la revisión de la legislación existente sobre plaguicidas, determina que la misma es parcial y no se ajusta a los requerimientos de control necesarios para el menejo y la correcta administración de las sustancias tóxicas. Concluye que el instrumento principal es el Reglamento de importación, distribución y uso de productos químicos, tutelado por el Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería de Nicaragua