RESUMO
On January 30 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak as epidemiological emergency. Globally, various guidelines have been published for the safety of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and health personnel working in hemodialysis centers. In Mexico, the prevalence of CKD is 12.2% and 60,000 patients receive some modality of renal replacement therapy at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS, Mexican Institute for Social Security). This proposal for action is made in the face of suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19 in intrahospital hemodialysis units.
El 30 de enero de 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) declaró el brote de COVID-19 como emergencia epidemiológica. A nivel mundial han surgido diversos lineamientos para la seguridad de los pacientes que padecen enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) y el personal de salud que labora en centros de hemodiálisis. En México, la prevalencia de ERC es de 12.2% y 60 000 enfermos reciben alguna modalidad de terapia de reemplazo renal en el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Se realiza esta propuesta de actuación ante casos sospechosos y confirmados de COVID-19 en unidades de hemodiálisis intrahospitalaria.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Athletes practicing strenuous physical activities may develop exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). We aimed to determine the prevalence and features of this condition in Mexico City (altitude, 2,240 m). METHODS: In the present study, 208 high school and college athletes performed a standardized EIB test on a treadmill. RESULTS: Responses to exercise had large between-subject variability in all physiological parameters (forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1], heart rate, blood oxygen saturation level [SpO2], blood pressure), with nearly similar proportions of subjects in whom FEV1 increased or decreased. According to the recommended cut-off value of 10% FEV1 decrease, only 15 (7.2%) athletes had a positive EIB test. Weight lifters were more prone to develop EIB (three out of seven athletes; p = 0.01). Subjects with a positive EIB test already had a lower baseline forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio (96.4 vs. 103.2% of predicted, respectively; p = 0.047), and developed more respiratory symptoms after exercise than subjects with a negative test. There were no differences with respect to age, gender, body mass index, history of asthma or atopic diseases, smoking habit, and exposure to potential indoor allergens. CONCLUSIONS: The relatively low prevalence of EIB in athletes from Mexico City raises the possibility that high altitude constitutes a protective factor for EIB. In contrast, weight lifters were especially prone to develop EIB, which suggests that repetitive Valsalva maneuvers could be a novel risk factor for EIB. There was a large between-subject variability of all physiological responses to exercise.
