Influence of socio-affective factors on quality of life in women diagnosed with fibromyalgia.

Introduction: Fibromyalgia is a disease that involves chronic pain, with high prevalence in the female population and great impact on the bio-psycho-social sphere of people affected by it. However, few studies have analyzed the possible influence of socio-affective factors on the quality of life of people who suffer from this disease. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between the impact of this disease on the lives of people with fibromyalgia and these variables. Specifically, we analyzed the quality of partner relationship, perceived loneliness, life satisfaction, and perceived socio-family situation. Method: A descriptive-correlational cross-sectional design was used. The sample consisted of 69 women diagnosed with fibromyalgia. The participants completed different questionnaires that measured their happiness, satisfaction with life, perceived loneliness, quality of partner relationship, socio-family valuation, and the impact of fibromyalgia. Results: The quality of partner relationship, perceived loneliness and socio-family valuation seem to be good predictors of subjective happiness, life satisfaction, and the impact that fibromyalgia has on people's lives, in the sense that the more positive the valuation of the couple relationship and of the socio-family situation, and the lower the perceived loneliness, people feel happier, more satisfied with their lives and the lower the impact that fibromyalgia has on their lives. Conclusion: The 50% of satisfaction with life can be explained from the scores obtained in perceived loneliness and the quality of partner relationship. In this sense, perceived loneliness was a good predictor of the impact of fibromyalgia on the lives of these patients.

Transcultural Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of the Spanish Version of the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists.

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the main musculoskeletal pain conditions, and it affects 23-28% of the global population. Strong evidence supports the absence of a direct relationship between the intensity of pain and tissue damage, with psychosocial factors also playing a crucial role. In this context, the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists (PABS-PT) is a useful tool for evaluating physiotherapists' treatment orientations and beliefs regarding the management of low back pain (LBP). It helps identify practitioners who may benefit from additional education in modern pain neuroscience. However, there is not a Spanish validation of this scale for physiotherapists. Thus, the aims of this study were to translate and culturally adapt the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists (PABS-PT) into Spanish and to evaluate its psychometric properties. This validation study used three convenience samples of physiotherapists (PTs) (n = 22 for the pilot study, n = 529 for the validity study and n = 53 for assessing the instrument's responsiveness). The process of translating and adapting the PABS-PT into Spanish followed international guidelines and produced a satisfactory pre-final version of the questionnaire. Factor analysis confirmed the two-factor structure of the original version, with the biomedical (BM) factor explaining 39.4% of the variance and the biopsychosocial (BPS) factor explaining 13.8% of the variance. Cronbach's alpha values were excellent for the BM factor (0.86) and good for the BPS factor (0.77), indicating good internal consistency. Test-retest reliability was excellent for both factors, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of 0.84 for BM and 0.82 for BPS. The standard error of measurement (SEM) was acceptable for both factors (3.9 points for BM and 2.4 points for BPS). Concurrent validity was moderate and in the expected direction and had significant correlations with the Health Care Providers' Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (HC-PAIRS) and Revised Neurophysiology Pain Questionnaire (R-NPQ). Sensitivity to change was demonstrated by significant improvements in both factors after an educational intervention, with medium-to-large effect sizes. The PABS-PT also showed good discriminative ability, as it was able to distinguish between physiotherapists with and without pain education. Cut-off values for the BM and BPS factors were determined. In conclusion, the translated and adapted Spanish version of the PABS-PT demonstrated good psychometric properties and can be reliably used to assess the attitudes and beliefs of Spanish-speaking physiotherapists regarding LBP. The questionnaire is recommended for use in clinical and educational research in the Spanish language context.

Análisis de la respuesta a la pandemia provocada por la COVID-19 en centros residenciales geriátricos de Andalucía / Analysis of the response to the pandemic caused by COVID-19 in geriatric residential centers in Andalucía

La enfermedad por COVID-19 ha afectado a más de 163 millones de personas alrededor de todo el mundo, azotando con mayor incidencia y gravedad a la población mayor que vivía en residencias para personas mayores. La población mayor ha sido la mayor víctima debido a la edad avanzada, a las enfermedades crónicas y al déficit que presenta su sistema inmunitario, todo esto sumado al riesgo de residir en un centro gerontológico, y supone el 25% del total de decesos por COVID-19 en Andalucía. Objetivo: Conocer los factores que han influido en el ámbito residencial geriátrico para que la situación de pandemia haya tenido efectos más graves sobre los residentes. Metodología: Se ha realizado una investigación cuantitativa, un estudio descriptivo observacional, a través de la realización de cuestionario autoadministrado en 20 residencias de la comunidad autónoma de Andalucía analizando lo sucedido desde el inicio de la emergencia sanitaria hasta el 15 de marzo de 2021. Resultados: Los resultados más destacables mostraron dependencia entre el tipo de aislamiento, los recursos humanos disponibles y el modelo de cuidados utilizado, con la incidencia de la pandemia por COVID 19 y los ingresos hospitalarios de residentes y profesionales. Conclusiones: Se hace visible la necesidad de implementar un modelo de cuidados específico centrado en las necesidades de la persona mayor, contando con los recursos humanos necesarios y con la correcta adecuación del entorno para llevar a cabo, si fuese necesario, distintos tipos de aislamiento (AU)

The COVID-19 disease has affected more than 163 million people around the world, hitting the elderly population that lived in nursing homes with greater incidence and severity. The elderly population has been the greatest victim, due to advanced age, chronic diseases and the deficit of their immune system, added to the risk of residing in a gerontological center, accounting for 25% of all deaths from COVID-19 in Andalusia. Objective: to know the factors that have influenced the geriatric residential environment so that the pandemic situation has had more serious effects on residents. Methodology: A quantitative investigation, descriptive observational study, has been carried out, through the completion of a self-administered questionnaire 20 residences of the autonomous community of Andalusia, analyzing what happened from the beginning of the health emergency until March 15, 2021. Results: The most remarkable results showed Dependence between the type of isolation, the human resources available and the care model used, with the incidence of the COVID 19 pandemic and the hospital admissions of residents and professionals. Conclusions: The need to implement a specific care model focused on the needs of the elderly becomes visible, with the necessary human resources and the correct adaptation of the environment to carry out different types of isolation if necessary (AU)

Fear of COVID-19 in Madrid. Will patients avoid dental care?

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this research is to describe how perceived infectability, germ aversion, and fear of COVID-19 in adults in Madrid have changed from the beginning of the pandemic until the lockdown exit phase and their influence on dental care behaviour. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Some 961 participants were monitored in a study in Madrid at 2 time points: before lockdown (T0) and after completion of the total lockdown (T1). A questionnaire that included basic sociodemographic variables, the perceived vulnerability to disease scale (including perceived infectability and germ aversion), the fear of COVID-19 scale, and dental visiting behaviour after confinement for fear of COVID was administered. RESULTS: The participants had higher scores for infectability and germ aversion at T1 than at T0 (P < 0.01). Of those studied, 24.5% (235) of the participants would not go to the dentist for fear of COVID-19. Those who had a high perceived infectability scale score were at least 5 times more likely to not visit the dentist. Those with high COVID-19 fear were at least 6 times more likely to not visit the dentist, and those older than 60 years were 8 times more likely to not visit. CONCLUSIONS: The population's high levels of vulnerability to infectability and perceived germ aversion associated with fear of COVID-19 and the resultant avoidance behaviour to dental care will remain until an effective drug or vaccine for SARS-CoV2 is found.

The impact of co-sleeping less than 6 months on children's anxiety, oral habits, and malocclusion in a Spanish sample between 2 and 5 years old: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: Families often use co-sleeping to mitigate potential physiological and emotional effects on infants. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the early termination of co-sleeping is associated with high levels of anxiety, non-nutritive sucking habits for self-comfort, and increased malocclusion. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed on the parents of 215 children [aged 2-5 years (3.94 ± 0.89)], who were divided according to the duration of co-sleeping (≤6 months or >6 months). The parents completed a questionnaire about co-sleeping, sucking, breastfeeding habits, and anxiety. Finally, a clinical examination was carried out to diagnose malocclusion according to the World Health Organization (WHO) index, and the aesthetic component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN-AC) was recorded. RESULTS: Children that co-slept for 6 months or less had an increased incidence of pacifier use (P < 0.05), finger sucking (P < 0.01), and atypical swallowing (P < 0.05). Lower anxiety levels were found in the group with a longer duration of co-sleeping (P < 0.01). In the assessment of malocclusions, the group that co-slept for ≤6 months had higher IOTN scores (P < 0.01) and WHO indices (P < 0.05); in addition, there were differences in anterior open bite (P < 0.05), posterior crossbite (P < 0.01), skeletal Class II (P < 0.01), canine Class II (P < 0.05), and overjet (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A co-sleeping duration of >6 months appears to be a protective factor associated with less anxiety, fewer negative sucking habits, and a decreased incidence of malocclusions in co-sleeping children.

Lockdown impact on lifestyle and its association with oral parafunctional habits and bruxism in a Spanish adolescent population.

AIM: To analyse the possible association between decreased physical and social activity and an increase in the use of mobile devices, internet, and social networks with increased anxiety and the appearance of oral parafunctions and bruxism for adolescents before and during COVID-19. DESIGN: A total of 213 adolescents attended private clinics at two different times: before lockdown (T0) and after completion of total lockdown (T1). In T0 and T1, a clinical examination was carried out to assess dental wear (IA) and only in T1 were they given the self-report questionnaire which focuses on the periods before and during lockdown (self-reported bruxism, state anxiety, mobile phone and internet, social network use, physical and social activity, and questions on parafunctions). RESULTS: There were a decrease in physical activity at T0-T1 and an increase in social media use, internet, state anxiety, and clinical and self-reported bruxism at T0-T1. There was a positive correlation between increased self-reported bruxism, increased social media use, mobile device use, and state anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: There has been a change in adolescent lifestyle during lockdown with an increase in the prevalence of oral parafunctions and bruxism. In particular, the increase in the use of social networks at night and also in anxiety levels during lockdown were associated with of the increase in self-reported bruxism.

Autobiographical Memory, Gratitude, Forgiveness and Sense of Humor: An Intervention in Older Adults.

Research has shown that happiness and well-being play a fundamental role in the health of older adults. For this reason, programs based on Positive Psychology seek to improve quality of life, preventing and reducing the appearance of emotional disorders. The objective of this study was to verify whether an intervention based on Autobiographical Memory, Forgiveness, Gratitude, and Sense of humor would increase quality of life in institutionalized older adults. We used a quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-intervention measures and follow-on measures at 3, 6, and 12 months. A total of 111 institutionalized older adults participated in the study and were randomly assigned to one of three groups: experimental (n = 36), placebo (n = 39), and control (n = 36). Measurements were taken of depression, subjective happiness, satisfaction with life, psychological well-being, and specific memories. Program duration was 11 weeks, followed by refresher sessions of the activities that had been conducted. The results showed that the intervention was effective, producing lasting increase in the participating adults' well-being, maintained for the following 12 months, in contrast to the other two groups. In conclusion, the proposed intervention proved to be a novel tool that was effective, easily applied, and able to improve quality of life and emotional disorders in older adults.

Impact of Breastfeeding and Cosleeping on Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The type and duration of breastfeeding can be key factors in the development of early childhood caries (ECC). The association between nighttime feeding and ECC was investigated. Specifically, whether cosleeping is a potential mediator of children's oral health was investigated, considering many of the etiological factors of caries. In this cross-sectional study, 212 children (aged 2-4 years) from Madrid (Spain) who breastfed at night were examined to assess the mean decayed/filled primary teeth (dft) index, and a questionnaire was administered to the mothers to collect data on the practice of breastfeeding and cosleeping and its duration, the number of nighttime feeding sessions, sugar content in the diet, dental hygiene habits, and age at first dental visit. The dft index was lower in the group that breastfed for less than 18 months (p = 0.02). In addition, there were significant differences in the dft index in the group breastfeeding for more than 18 months between those who coslept for 18 months or more and those who coslept for less than 18 months (p < 0.05), as well as between those who coslept for 18 months or more and those who did not cosleep (p < 0.01). In conclusion, breastfeeding at night from 18 months onwards is considered a risk factor for ECC.

Perceived vulnerability to Coronavirus infection: impact on dental practice.

SARS-CoV-2 is a new virus responsible for the outbreak of the respiratory disease COVID-19, which has spread to several countries around the world, causing considerable consternation and a fear of contagions in global healthcare settings. The objective of this study is to identify, among Madrid's adult population, the impact of COVID-19 on self-perceived vulnerability, infectiousness, aversion to germs, and other behaviors in the current situation regarding dental practice. This cross-sectional observational study involves 1,008 persons randomly surveyed on the streets of Madrid, Spain between March 1 and March 8, 2020. Their perceived vulnerability to disease was measured using the perceived vulnerability to disease scale. An additional questionnaire evaluated basic sociodemographic aspects, medical history, personal hygiene behavior, willingness to go to certain places and the perception of the risk of contagion when going to a dental practice. There are significant differences by sex on the germ aversion subscale (p < 0.05) and in the risk of waiting in the waiting room (p < 0.01), tooth extraction ((p < 0.05), endodontics (p < 0.05) and fillings ((p < 0.05). Women consider the risk to be higher than men do. The risk group (over 60 and with systemic disease) has significant differences on the subscales of infectivity (p < 0.01) and germ aversion (p < 0.01). Our study shows high levels of vulnerability regarding contracting COVID-19 and avoiding dental care as perceived by the population over 60 years old and with a systemic disease.

Perceived vulnerability to Coronavirus infection: impact on dental practice

SARS-CoV-2 is a new virus responsible for the outbreak of the respiratory disease COVID-19, which has spread to several countries around the world, causing considerable consternation and a fear of contagions in global healthcare settings. The objective of this study is to identify, among Madrid's adult population, the impact of COVID-19 on self-perceived vulnerability, infectiousness, aversion to germs, and other behaviors in the current situation regarding dental practice. This cross-sectional observational study involves 1,008 persons randomly surveyed on the streets of Madrid, Spain between March 1 and March 8, 2020. Their perceived vulnerability to disease was measured using the perceived vulnerability to disease scale. An additional questionnaire evaluated basic sociodemographic aspects, medical history, personal hygiene behavior, willingness to go to certain places and the perception of the risk of contagion when going to a dental practice. There are significant differences by sex on the germ aversion subscale (p < 0.05) and in the risk of waiting in the waiting room (p < 0.01), tooth extraction ((p < 0.05), endodontics (p < 0.05) and fillings ((p < 0.05). Women consider the risk to be higher than men do. The risk group (over 60 and with systemic disease) has significant differences on the subscales of infectivity (p < 0.01) and germ aversion (p < 0.01). Our study shows high levels of vulnerability regarding contracting COVID-19 and avoiding dental care as perceived by the population over 60 years old and with a systemic disease.

Design and Validation of a Questionnaire on Communicating Bad News in Nursing: A Pilot Study.

Communicating bad news (CBN) is a fundamental skill in nursing; nevertheless, few instruments exist for its evaluation. This study presents a questionnaire designed to measure nurses' knowledge and ability of CBN, as well as the analysis of its psychometric properties. Based on a literature search, the initial dimensions of CBN were identified to construct the questionnaires' items, which were evaluated by experts for the validity of the items' contents. Construct validity and reliability of the resulting questionnaire was carried out in a sample of 71 nurses of an Andalusian university hospital. A questionnaire with 25 items was constructed with a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.816). The content validity was evaluated via a literature review and additionally by the assessment of seven experts. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test (KMO) obtained a score of 0.683, and the Bartlett test of sphericity a value of p < 0.001. The principal component analysis supported a construct of four dimensions. This questionnaire was found to be a valid and reliable instrument with a high internal consistency for the evaluation of CBN knowledge and skills of nursing professionals.

Perceived vulnerability to Coronavirus infection: impact on dental practice

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 is a new virus responsible for the outbreak of the respiratory disease COVID-19, which has spread to several countries around the world, causing considerable consternation and a fear of contagions in global healthcare settings. The objective of this study is to identify, among Madrid's adult population, the impact of COVID-19 on self-perceived vulnerability, infectiousness, aversion to germs, and other behaviors in the current situation regarding dental practice. This cross-sectional observational study involves 1,008 persons randomly surveyed on the streets of Madrid, Spain between March 1 and March 8, 2020. Their perceived vulnerability to disease was measured using the perceived vulnerability to disease scale. An additional questionnaire evaluated basic sociodemographic aspects, medical history, personal hygiene behavior, willingness to go to certain places and the perception of the risk of contagion when going to a dental practice. There are significant differences by sex on the germ aversion subscale (p < 0.05) and in the risk of waiting in the waiting room (p < 0.01), tooth extraction ((p < 0.05), endodontics (p < 0.05) and fillings ((p < 0.05). Women consider the risk to be higher than men do. The risk group (over 60 and with systemic disease) has significant differences on the subscales of infectivity (p < 0.01) and germ aversion (p < 0.01). Our study shows high levels of vulnerability regarding contracting COVID-19 and avoiding dental care as perceived by the population over 60 years old and with a systemic disease.

Strengths in older adults: differential effect of savoring, gratitude and optimism on well-being.

Objetive: The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of three separate strengths training-based interventions - Gratitude, Savoring, and Optimism - in older adults. Method: The sample comprised 124 older adults, namely, 74 women and 50 men, non-institutionalized individuals who regularly attend day centers in the provinces of Jaén and Córdoba, southern Spain. Their ages ranged between 60 and 89 years. The measures used were Anxiety, Depression, Life Satisfaction, Positive and Negative Affect, Subjective Happiness, and Resilience. Results: Training in Gratitude and Savoring increased scores in Life Satisfaction, Positive Affect, Subjective Happiness and Resilience, and reduced Negative Affect, whereas training in Optimism failed to produce a significant change in these variables. The Savoring and Optimism interventions decreased scores in Depression but, contrary to hypothesis, this was not the case for Gratitude. Conclusion: These results represent an important step in understanding what type of strengths work best when it comes to enhancing well-being in older adults and consequently helping them tackle the challenges of everyday life and recover as quickly as possible from the adverse situations and events that may arise.

[OSTEOPOROSIS AND BODY MASS INDEX IN RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS]. / OSTEOPOROSIS E ÍNDICE DE MASA CORPORAL EN EL TRASPLANTADO RENAL.

INTRODUCTION: frequently after kidney transplantation there is an increase in weight with a resulting high percent of obesity in these recipients. This combined with a rapid loss of bone mass, a higher prevalence of osteoporosis and fractures is evident than in normal populations. OBJECTIVES: to explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of osteoporosis in a population of renal transplant recipients. METHODS: prospective longitudinal study design. The study was conducted on 306 kidney transplant recipients. The relationship between weigh and body mass index with femoral and lumbar osteopenia and osteoporosis prevalence at the moment of transplant and at 12 months post was explored. RESULTS: there was a high prevalence of overweight (35.6%) and obese (14.1%) recipients after renal transplant and 1 year after (42.2% and 24.2% respectively). Significant differences were found(p = 0.049) between the weight at the time of transplant and the presence of osteopenia or osteoporosis at the lumbar level one year after, the highest weights were in recipients with osteoporosis. The mean BMI was higher (p = 0.028) in osteoporotic patients (26.59 kg/m2) than in patients with osteopenia (24.23 kg/m2). CONCLUSION: results seem to be consistent with recent studies in the general population showing excessive weight as a possible factor detrimental to the bone health.

Introducción y objetivos: tras el trasplante renal es frecuente un aumento de peso, así como un elevado porcentaje de obesidad en estos pacientes. Por otro lado, tras el trasplante se produce una pérdida de la masa ósea, siendo la prevalencia de osteoporosis y fracturas óseas mayor que en la población general. Objetivos: explorar la relación entre el índice de masa corporal y la prevalencia de osteopenia y osteoporosis en una población de trasplantados renales. Material y método: estudio longitudinal prospectivo sobre una muestra de 306 trasplantados renales. Se exploraron las relaciones entre el peso y el índice de masa corporal con la prevalencia de osteopenia y osteoporosis a nivel femoral y lumbar en el momento del trasplante y a los 12 meses del mismo. Resultados: se halló una alta prevalencia de sobrepeso (35,6%) y obesidad (14,1%) tras el trasplante renal y al año del mismo (42,2% y 24,2%, respectivamente). Se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p = 0,049) entre el peso en el momento del trasplante y la presencia de osteopenia u osteoporosis al año del mismo a nivel lumbar, siendo el peso medio más elevado entre los pacientes con osteoporosis. La media del IMC fue más elevada (p = 0,028) en los pacientes osteoporóticos (26,59 kg/m2) que en los pacientes con osteopenia (24,23 kg/m2). Conclusiones: nuestros resultados parecen estar en concordancia con recientes estudios realizados en la población general, que muestran el sobrepeso como un posible factor perjudicial para el hueso.

Osteoporosis e índice de masa corporal en el trasplantado renal / Osteoporosis and body mass index in renal transplant recipients

Introducción y objetivos: tras el trasplante renal es frecuente un aumento de peso, así como un elevado porcentaje de obesidad en estos pacientes. Por otro lado, tras el trasplante se produce una pérdida de la masa ósea, siendo la prevalencia de osteoporosis y fracturas óseas mayor que en la población general. Objetivos: explorar la relación entre el índice de masa corporal y la prevalencia de osteopenia y osteoporosis en una población de trasplantados renales. Material y método: estudio longitudinal prospectivo sobre una muestra de 306 trasplantados renales. Se exploraron las relaciones entre el peso y el índice de masa corporal con la prevalencia de osteopenia y osteoporosis a nivel femoral y lumbar en el momento del trasplante y a los 12 meses del mismo. Resultados: se halló una alta prevalencia de sobrepeso (35,6%) y obesidad (14,1%) tras el trasplante renal y al año del mismo (42,2% y 24,2%, respectivamente). Se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0,049) entre el peso en el momento del trasplante y la presencia de osteopenia u osteoporosis al año del mismo a nivel lumbar, siendo el peso medio más elevado entre los pacientes con osteoporosis. La media del IMC fue más elevada (p=0,028) en los pacientes osteoporóticos (26,59 kg/m2) que en los pacientes con osteopenia (24,23 kg/m2). Conclusiones: nuestros resultados parecen estar en concordancia con recientes estudios realizados en la población general, que muestran el sobrepeso como un posible factor perjudicial para el hueso (AU)

Introduction: frequently after kidney transplantation there is an increase in weight with a resulting high percent of obesity in these recipients. This combined with a rapid loss of bone mass, a higher prevalence of osteoporosis and fractures is evident than in normal populations. Objectives: to explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of osteoporosis in a population of renal transplant recipients. Methods: prospective longitudinal study design. The study was conducted on 306 kidney transplant recipients. The relationship between weigh and body mass index with femoral and lumbar osteopenia and osteoporosis prevalence at the moment of transplant and at 12 months post was explored. Results: there was a high prevalence of overweight (35.6%) and obese (14.1%) recipients after renal transplant and 1 year after (42.2% and 24.2% respectively). Significant differences were found(p=0.049) between the weight at the time of transplant and the presence of osteopenia or osteoporosis at the lumbar level one year after, the highest weights were in recipients with osteoporosis. The mean BMI was higher (p=0.028) in osteoporotic patients (26.59 kg/m2) than in patients with osteopenia (24.23 kg/m2). Conclusion: results seem to be consistent with recent studies in the general population showing excessive weight as a possible factor detrimental to the bone health (AU)