Hormone-sensitive lipase deficiency affects the expression of SR-BI, LDLr, and ABCA1 receptors/transporters involved in cellular cholesterol uptake and efflux and disturbs fertility in mouse testis.

Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) hydrolyse acylglycerols, cholesteryl and retinyl esters. HSL is a key lipase in mice testis, as HSL deficiency results in male sterility. The present work study the effects of the deficiency and lack of HSL on the localization and expression of SR-BI, LDLr, and ABCA1 receptors/transporters involved in uptake and efflux of cholesterol in mice testis, to determine the impact of HSL gene dosage on testis morphology, lipid homeostasis and fertility. The results of this work show that the lack of HSL in mice alters testis morphology and spermatogenesis, decreasing sperm counts, sperm motility and increasing the amount of Leydig cells and lipid droplets. They also show that there are differences in the localization of HSL, SR-BI, LDLr and ABCA1 in HSL+/+, HSL+/- and HSL-/- mice. The deficiency or lack of HSL has effects on protein and mRNA expression of genes involved in lipid metabolisms in mouse testis. HSL-/- testis have augmented expression of SR-BI, LDLr, ABCA1 and LXRß, a critical sterol sensor that regulate multiple genes involved in lipid metabolism; whereas LDLr expression decreased in HSL+/- mice. Plin2, Abca1 and Ldlr mRNA levels increased; and LXRα (Nr1h3) and LXRß (Nr1h2) decreased in testis from HSL-/- compared with HSL+/+; with no differences in Scarb1. Together these data suggest that HSL deficiency or lack in mice testis induces lipid homeostasis alterations that affect the cellular localization and expression of key receptors/transporter involved in cellular cholesterol uptake and efflux (SR-BI, LDRr, ABCA1); alters normal cellular function and impact fertility.

Exótosis subungueal: un verdadero osteocondroma / Subungual exostosis: a true osteochondroma

La deformidad de la uña de los dedos del pie puede ser debida a lesiones óseas subyacentes. En este caso presentamos una lesión ósea subungueal y detallamos su diagnóstico diferencial en una mujer de 15 años cuya uña del tercer dedo del pie izquierdo se muestra sobreelevada y desplazada medialmente por una tumoración infrayacente. Se palpa un nódulo de consistencia dura adherido a la piel, de un centímetro de diámetro, de crecimiento lento en el último año. No refiere dolor. Radiográficamente se presenta como lesión exofítica redondeada y pediculada al extremo de la falange distal similar a un osteocondroma (OC). La anatomía patológica lo confirma. Entre las lesiones óseas benignas el OC es la más frecuente. Postulamos razones clínicas, radiológicas y anatomopatológicas para diferenciarlo de la exóstosis subungueal clásica, de la periostitis reactiva, de la exóstosis de Turret, del pseudotumor fibroso cortical y de la proliferación osteocondromatosa bizarra parostal. Su degeneración maligna no se debe subestimar. El OC subungueal es infrecuente y puede pasar desapercibido largo tiempo o incluso ser derivado a dermatología por sospecha de paroniquia. Su tratamiento es sencillo, pero precisamos la participación del patólogo para su correcto diagnóstico

Ungual deformity in toes may be due to underlying bony lessions. In this case we present a subungual bone lession, giving detail to differential diagnosis, in a 15 years old woman whose third toe nail is pushed up and laterally displaced by a deep tumor. A hard-attached to skin one centimeter diameter slowly growing last year nodule is palpable. No pain is referred. X-ray show an exophytic, rounded, osteochondroma (OC)-like lesion pediculated to falanx tip. Histology confi rms diagnosis. OC is the most common skeletal neoplasm of all benign bone tumors. We postulate clinical, radiological and histological fi ndings to differentiate OC from classical subungual exostosis, reactive periostitis, Turre's exostosis and bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation. Malignant transformation can't be underestimated. Subungual OC frequency is low, may be long time misdiagnosed and derived to dermatologist suspecting paronychia. Easy to treat, we need pathologist's participation for a correct diagnosis

HSL-knockout mouse testis exhibits class B scavenger receptor upregulation and disrupted lipid raft microdomains.

There is a tight relationship between fertility and changes in cholesterol metabolism during spermatogenesis. In the testis, class B scavenger receptors (SR-B) SR-BI, SR-BII, and LIMP II mediate the selective uptake of cholesterol esters from HDL, which are hydrolyzed to unesterified cholesterol by hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). HSL is critical because HSL knockout (KO) male mice are sterile. The aim of the present work was to determine the effects of the lack of HSL in testis on the expression of SR-B, lipid raft composition, and related cell signaling pathways. HSL-KO mouse testis presented altered spermatogenesis associated with decreased sperm counts, sperm motility, and infertility. In wild-type (WT) testis, HSL is expressed in elongated spermatids; SR-BI, in Leydig cells and spermatids; SR-BII, in spermatocytes and spermatids but not in Leydig cells; and LIMP II, in Sertoli and Leydig cells. HSL knockout male mice have increased expression of class B scavenger receptors, disrupted caveolin-1 localization in lipid raft plasma membrane microdomains, and activated phospho-ERK, phospho-AKT, and phospho-SRC in the testis, suggesting that class B scavenger receptors are involved in cholesterol ester uptake for steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in the testis.

La denegación de práctica de prueba biológica y la vulneración del derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva en la jurisprudencia constitucional / No disponible

La Constitución Española tutela la libre investigación de la paternidad cuando en su artículo 39.2 prevé que la Ley ha de posibilitar la investigación de la paternidad. Este derecho no es absoluto, admite límites, que deberán ser de interpretación restrictiva a tenor de los principios sobre los que se fundamente, tales como el de la igualdad jurídica de los hijos, y el deber de la protección integral de los mismos. En este sentido, las resoluciones judiciales constituyen un elemento muy valioso para delimitar la aplicación de este derecho y establecer sus limitaciones

The Spanish Constitution protects the free investigation of the paternity on its 39.2 the article, in which is granted that possibility. This right is not absolute it has limits, but those limits will have to be interpreted in a restrictive way due to the principles based on it, such as the legal equality of children, and the integral protection of them. In view of this, the sentences are a very valuable element to delimit the application of this right, and establish its limitations

Histiocitosis de Células de Langerhans en el área maxilofacial en adultos. Informe de tres casos / Langerhans cell histiocytosis in the maxillofacial area in adults. Report of three cases

La Histiocitosis de Células de Langerhans (HCL), es una enfermedad de etiología desconocida, que se caracteriza por la proliferación e infiltración anormal, de órganos, por células de Langerhans patológicas. Afecta predominantementea pacientes en edad pediátrica, siendo en adultos la incidencia de la enfermedad de uno a dos casos por millón de habitantes. Las manifestaciones en cabeza y cuello aparecen en casi un 90% de los casos. El diagnóstico se obtiene por medios anatomopatológicos, siendo necesarias una serie de pruebas, determinantes de extensión, en todos los pacientes diagnosticados de HCL. No existen estudios, controlados, que determinen un tratamiento óptimo para la HCL. El pronósticode esta enfermedad en adultos es generalmente bueno debido a la lenta evolución de la enfermedad y a su buena respuesta al tratamiento. Presentamos una revisión de tres casos de HCL, de 16, 24 y 28 años de edad, con manifestación primaria en el área Maxilofacial. Así mismo, realizamos una revisión de la literatura

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disease of unknown etiology, characterized by proliferation of pathological Langerhans cells within different organs. It mainly affects children, but adult cases also occur, with an incidence rate of one to two per million. The head and neck are affected in almost 90% of cases. Diagnosis is made by means of histopathologicalanalysis, and imaging studies are necessary in order to determine extent of the disease. There are no controlled trials proposing an optimal treatment protocol for LCH. Prognosis in adults is generally good due to the slow evolution of the disease and its favourable response to treatment. In our report, we present three cases of LCH in patients aged 16, 24, and 28 years respectively, with primary manifestation in the maxillofacial area. A literature review was also conducted

Langerhans cell histiocytosis in the maxillofacial area in adults. Report of three cases.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disease of unknown etiology, characterized by proliferation of pathological Langerhans cells within different organs. It mainly affects children, but adult cases also occur, with an incidence rate of one to two per million. The head and neck are affected in almost 90% of cases. Diagnosis is made by means of histopathological analysis, and imaging studies are necessary in order to determine extent of the disease. There are no controlled trials proposing an optimal treatment protocol for LCH. Prognosis in adults is generally good due to the slow evolution of the disease and its favourable response to treatment. In our report, we present three cases of LCH in patients aged 16, 24, and 28 years respectively, with primary manifestation in the maxillofacial area. A literature review was also conducted.

[Refusal of the biological proof practice and the harm of the law to effective judicial guardianship in constitutional jurisprudence]. / La denegación de práctica de prueba biológica y la vulneración del derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva en la jurisprudencia constitucional.

The Spanish Constitution protects the free investigation of the paternity on its 39.2 the article, in which is granted that possibility. This right is not absolute, it has limits, but those limits will have to be interpreted in a restrictive way due to the principles based on it, such as the legal equality of children, and the integral protection of them. In view of this, the sentences are a very valuable element to delimit the aplication of this right, and establish its limitations.

Cuidados de enfermería en pacientes con trombólisis e infarto agudo del miocardio / Nursing care in patients with thrombolysis and acute myocardial infarction

Se estudiaron los efectos adversos que acompaña la administración de estreptocinasa intravenosa en pacientes que presentaron infarto del miocardio agudo de menos de 6 horas de evolución desde el inicio del dolor, fueron 63 pacientes del sexo masculino y 4 del sexo femenino, se utilizó 1.5 millones de unidades de estreptocinasa en el lapso de una a través de una bomba de infusión. Los hallazgos fueron en su mayoría sangrados menores en los sitios de punción o incisión vascular manejados por medio de compresión local. Los sangrados mayores fueron del tubo digestivo y hematuria macroscópica y ninguno de ellos requirió de transfusión sanguínea, las reacciones alergo-anafilácticas se manifestaron principalmente por fiebre, no hubo edema angioneurótico ni choque anafiláctico, no se requirió de esferoides y la fiebre se controló por medios físicos. No hubo mortalidad relacionada con el procedimiento.

The adverse effects which accompany the administering of intravenous streptokinase in patients presenting acute myocardial infarction, with less than 6 hours of evolution, were studied. 63 patients were males and 4 were females. 1.5 million units of streptokinase were used per hour, by means of an infusion pump. The main findings were minor bleeding at the sites of vein puncture or vascular incision and were controlled by local compression. Greater bleeding was seen in die digestive tract and hematuria, although none required a blood transfusion; anaphylactic and allergic reactions appeared as fever, there way no angioneurotic oedema nor anaphylactic shock, steroids were not needed and the fever was controlled with physical measures. There was no mortality related with this procedure.