Antecedents of moral pride: the harder the action, the greater the pride?

The study’s aim was to analyze if some specific types of action generate higher levels of moral pride. Three variables were analyzed: whether the actions involved going against the group majority, whether they involved a personal cost of a different kind and whether they were the result of a prior intention. Participants were 160 adolescents aged between 14 and 16. Sixteen scenarios were designed (two for each combination of the three variables) in which someone needed help. Half of the participants were presented with 8 of these scenarios, and half with the other 8. In each scenario, participants were asked to state what they would feel and do and how much pride they would feel if they helped. Curiously enough, both prosocial behaviors which involved going against the majority, F(1, 140) = 60.36, p = .001, η2 = .301 and those which involved a personal cost of a different kind, F(1, 140) = 10.17, p = .002, η2 = .068 generated less moral pride (AU)

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Antecedents of moral pride: the harder the action, the greater the pride?

The study's aim was to analyze if some specific types of action generate higher levels of moral pride. Three variables were analyzed: whether the actions involved going against the group majority, whether they involved a personal cost of a different kind and whether they were the result of a prior intention. Participants were 160 adolescents aged between 14 and 16. Sixteen scenarios were designed (two for each combination of the three variables) in which someone needed help. Half of the participants were presented with 8 of these scenarios, and half with the other 8. In each scenario, participants were asked to state what they would feel and do and how much pride they would feel if they helped. Curiously enough, both prosocial behaviors which involved going against the majority, F(1, 140) = 60.36, p = .001, η2 = .301 and those which involved a personal cost of a different kind, F(1, 140) = 10.17, p = .002, η2 = .068 generated less moral pride.

Image-guided radiation therapy based on helical tomotherapy in prostate cancer: minimizing toxicity.

BACKGROUND: We report the clinical results and prognostic factors of image-guided radiation therapy (RT) with helical tomotherapy (HT) for localized and recurrent prostate cancer (PC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated 70 patients with PC (primary diagnosis, n = 48; adjuvant, n = 5; salvage, n = 17) treated with HT from May 2006 through January 2011. The dose prescribed to the prostate/surgical bed ranged between 60 and 78 Gy. Potential risk factors for genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity were assessed. RESULTS: The median age was 68 years (range 51-87 years). The median follow-up was 37 months (range 3-74 months). The rates of acute grade 2 GI and GU toxicities were 10 and 13%, respectively. Only 1 patient experienced acute grade 3 GU toxicity. The rates of late grade ≥ 2 GI and GU toxicities were 1% each. Multivariate analysis showed an association between rectum mean dose > median (39 Gy) and bladder median dose > median (46 Gy) with a higher grade of acute GI (p = 0.017) and GU (p = 0.019) toxicity, respectively. Additionally, older age was associated with late GU toxicity (p = 0.026). CONCLUSION: Toxicity with HT is low and is associated with higher median/mean doses in organs at risk as well as with older age. A prospective validation would be necessary to confirm these results.

Prescripción conjunta de antidepresivos y tamoxifeno: una cuestión a tener en cuenta / Co-prescription of antidepressants and tamoxifen: an issue to consider

Objetivo. La prescripción conjunta de tamoxifeno y antidepresivos en pacientes con cáncer de mama puede disminuir la actividad y eficacia del primero. El objetivo fue determinar las pautas de prescripción de antidepresivos y su adecuación en estas pacientes. Material y métodos. Encuesta telefónica a 100 mujeres con cáncer de mama en tratamiento con tamoxifeno. Se determinó tiempo de tratamiento con tamoxifeno y especialidad del facultativo prescriptor, presencia o no de tratamiento concomitante con antidepresivos, tiempo de tratamiento y especialidad del facultativo prescriptor. Resultados. Se detectó prescripción concomitante de tamoxifeno y antidepresivos en 11 pacientes (11%), con posibles interacciones potentes en 4 pacientes, 2 moderadas, 2 leves y 3 nulas. Mediana de duración del tratamiento concomitante: un año. Mediana de duración de interacciones potentes: 9 meses. Todas las prescripciones de tamoxifeno fueron realizadas por Oncología Médica, prescribiéndose los antidepresivos desde Oncología Médica, Psiquiatría o Atención Primaria. Conclusiones. Existen prescripciones que podrían generar interacciones con efecto negativo sobre la actividad del tamoxifeno, pudiendo influir en el pronóstico. Afectan aproximadamente al 10% de las pacientes que toman tamoxifeno, siendo la mitad potencialmente potentes (AU)

Objective. Co-prescription of tamoxifen and antidepressants can cause interactions that decrease the activity and efficacy of tamoxifen. The objective of this study was to determine the prescribing patterns of antidepressants and to analyze their appropriateness. Material and methods. A telephone questionnaire was administered to 100 breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen to determine the length of tamoxifen treatment, the prescribing physician, concomitant treatment, the length of antidepressant treatment and the physician's field that prescribed the antidepressants. Results. Concomitant prescription was identified in 11 patients (11%): a potential for severe interactions was identified in 4, for moderate interactions in 2, and for mild interactions in 2. No potential for interactions was identified in 3 patients. All tamoxifen prescriptions were made by medical oncologists; antidepressants were prescribed by medical oncologists, psychiatrists and primary care physicians. Conclusions. Some antidepressants could cause serious interactions with a negative impact on the activity of tamoxifen. These prescriptions affect approximately 10% of patients on tamoxifen, and half pose a risk of serious interactions (AU)

Visual acuity loss and OCT changes as initial signs of leukaemia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To report two cases whose decreased visual acuity was the first symptom of leukaemia and optical coherence tomography (OCT) allowed identification and localization of the retinal lesions.METHODS: Retrospective, interventional, case reports. RESULTS: One case of lymphoblastic acute leukaemia and chronic lymphoid leukaemia were diagnosed following decreased visual acuity. OCT showed macular serous detachment in the first case. The second case presented hypo fluorescent retinal infiltrates which appeared as hyper reflective lesions by OCT. Retinal changes disappeared and visual acuity was recovered following complete remission of the neoplasm.CONCLUSION: OCT is a valuable, non invasive diagnostic tool permitting detection, localization and follow-up of ocular dissemination of neoplasms.

Intensity of habitual guilt in men and women: differences in interpersonal sensitivity and the tendency towards anxious-aggressive guilt.

In this study we analyzed gender differences in the intensity of habitual guilt, as well as those in interpersonal sensitivity and the tendency towards experiencing feelings of guilt with a high anxious-aggressive component. The 360 participants (adolescents, young adults and adults) were asked to relate one of the situations that most frequently caused them to experience guilt and to rank its intensity and that of 9 other emotions they may have experienced at the same time on a 7-point scale. These scales were used to obtain the scores for the anxious-aggressive component of guilt. Two interpersonal sensitivity measures were used: the IRI Empathic Concern scale and an ad hoc measure focusing on the guilt produced by interpersonal events (Interpersonal Guilt). Habitual guilt was found to be more intense in women than in men in all age groups. The results suggest that this difference is linked to differences in interpersonal sensitivity and the tendency to experience types of guilt with a high anxious-aggressive component.

Intensity of Habitual Guilt in Men and Women: differences in Interpersonal Sensitivity and the Tendency towards Anxious-Aggressive Guilt

In this study we analyzed gender differences in the intensity of habitual guilt, as well as those in interpersonal sensitivity and the tendency towards experiencing feelings of guilt with a high anxious-aggressive component. The 360 participants (adolescents, young adults and adults)were asked to relate one of the situations that most frequently caused them to experience guilt and to rank its intensity and that of 9 other emotions they may have experienced at the same time on a 7-point scale. These scales were used to obtain the scores for the anxious-aggressive component of guilt. Two interpersonal sensitivity measures were used: the IRI Empathic Concern scale and an ad hoc measure focusing on the guilt produced by interpersonal events (Interpersonal Guilt). Habitual guilt was found to be more intense in women than in men in all age groups. The results suggest that this difference is linked to differences in interpersonal sensitivity and the tendency to experience types of guilt with a high anxious-aggressive component (AU)

Se analizaron las diferencias de género en intensidad de la culpa habitual, así como en sensibilidad interpersonal y tendencia a experimentar formas de culpa con un alto componente ansiosoagresivo. Se pidió a los 360 participantes -adolescentes, jóvenes y adultos de ambos sexos- que relataran una de las situaciones que más frecuentemente les hacían experimentar sentimientos de culpa, y que señalaran en escalas de 7 puntos, junto a su intensidad, la de 9 emociones más que podían experimentar al mismo tiempo. A partir de estas escalas se obtuvieron las puntuaciones del componente ansioso-agresivo de la culpa. Se utilizaron dos medidas de sensibilidad interpersonal: la escala de Empathic Concern del IRI y una prueba ad hoc de culpa provocada por situaciones interpersonales (Culpa Interpersonal). La culpa habitual era más intensa en las mujeres que en los varones en los tres grupos de edad. Los resultados sugieren que estas diferencias responden a diferencias en sensibilidad interpersonal y en la tendencia a experimentar formas de culpa con un alto componente ansioso-agresivo (AU)

Trastorno alimentario en relación con el sueño / Sleep related eating disorder

INTRODUCCIÓN. El trastorno alimentario relacionado con el sueño (SRED) se caracteriza por la presencia de arousals nocturnos acompañados de alimentación compulsiva, con nivel de conciencia variable durante los mismos. Con frecuencia el trastorno se acompaña de otras alteraciones del sueño, pero la mayoria de casos publicados no aportan estudios polisomnográficos nocturnos (PSGn). Caso1 Varón de 40 años de edad. Desde los 25 años presenta episodios de levantarse de la cama por la noche para ingerir alimento, recordando el episodio vagamente o sin recordarlo. Refiere antecedentes de sonambulismo personales y familiares. El PSGn muestra la presencia de movimientos periódicos de piernas. Caso 2 Varón de 42 años de edad con historia personal y familiar de sonambulismo. Desde hace varios años presenta episodios de alimentación compulsiva durante la noche que no recuerda al día siguiente. Su PSGn muestra apneas obstructivas relacionadas con la posición del cuerpo. Caso 3 Varón de 40 años con gran cantidad de arousals durante el sueño, durante los que siente la necesidad de comer. Al día siguiente recuerda los episodios. Su PSGn muestra la presencia de escasas apneas. CONCLUSIÓN. El SRED puede estar asociado con otras alteraciones del sueño. Su diagnóstico mediante la ayuda del PSGn y su tratamiento pueden mejorar y hacer que los episodios disminuyan en frecuencia (AU)

INTRODUCTION. Sleep - related eating disorder (SRED) is characterised by arousals from sleep associated with compulsive ingestion of food and subsequent poor memory of the event. SRED is frequently combined with other sleep disorders, but most published reports do not include polysomnografic (PSG) studies. Case 1 Male patient, 40 years old. At age 25 he started getting up every night and eating food with only partial or no recall of the event. He has personal and family history of sleepwalking. His PSG showed the presence of periodic limb movements. Case 2 Male patient, 42 years old with history of sleep walking. Several years ago he started compulsive eating at night without recall of the episode. His PSG showed obstructive sleep apneas related to body position. Case 3 Male patient 40 years old with many arousals from sleep, during which he feels the need to eat. The next day he recalls the episodes. His PSG showed a few obstructive sleep apneas. CONCLUSION. SRED may be associated with other sleep disorders. Their diagnosis by PSG study, and their treatment may improve and decrease the frequency of the events (AU)

Oftalmoplejía completa izquierda por metástasis ósea de cáncer de próstata / Cranial nerve paralysis in a patient with prostate cancer and bone metastases

El pronóstico del cáncer de próstata viene definido en gran medida por la afectación metastásica . Las metástasis óseas pueden afectar a cualquier parte del esqueleto, como por ejemplo a la base del cráneo. Se trata del caso de un varón de 78 años que en diciembre de 2001 presentó parálisis del III par crane-al, con TAC y RMN normales. Se acompañaba de niveles de PSA sérico elevados. Fue remitido al Servicio de Urología donde se pautó tratamiento con bloqueo androgénico completo. Posteriormente comenzó con dolor retroorbitario, estrabismo divergente y ptosis palpebral. En TAC y RM se objetivó una masa de partes blandas a nivel del esfenoides. Recibió tratamiento con radiocirugía mediante Gamma Knife. Desde agosto de 2004, coincidiendo con la última elevación del PSA, el paciente presenta importante deterioro de su estado general, por lo que se remite al servicio de Oncología para valoración. Aparece un aumento de la parálisis de los pares craneales III, IV y VI izquierdos (oftalmoplejía completa izquierda) y parálisis central facial izquierda. Las metástasis del cáncer de próstata se realizan por vía linfática o hematógena. Pero normalmente existen más metástasis en tumores de mayor tamaño. Las metástasis son de gran importancia en el cáncer de la próstata, ya que, con pocas excepciones, de ellas depende la mortalidad. Las determinaciones serológicas de antígeno prostático y fosfatasa ácida prostática son de gran utilidad para el diagnóstico clínico del tumor primario o de sus metástasis

Prognosis in prostate cancer is determined, in greater part, by the presence of metastases. Bone metastases can occur in any part of the skeleton even, for example, at the base of the skull. We present a case of a 78 year old male who, in December 2001, presented with paralysis of the third cranial nerve. The NMR and CAT scans were normal and circulating levels of PSA were elevated. He was referred to the Urology Service where the treatment guidelines included complete androgen block. Subsequently, he developed retro-orbital pain, divergent strabismus and palpebral ptosis. CAT and NMR indicated a soft tissue mass at the sphenoid level. Treatment was Gamma Knife Radio-surgery. Since August 2004, in conjunction with the latest rise in PSA, the patient’s general status deteriorated considerably and he was referred to the Oncology Service. There was an increase in the paralysis of the third, fourth and sixth cranial nerve (complete left ophthalmoplegia) and left-central facial paralysis. Metastases from prostate cancer can be disseminated via the lymphatic or the blood system. Currently, there are more metastases from large-size tumours. Metastases are critical in prostate cancer because of their adverse effect on the patient’s survival. Measurements of circulating levels of prostate specific antigen and prostate acid phosphatase are very useful in the clinical diagnosis of the primary tumour, or its metastases

Estudios prospectivo sobre los aspectos psicologicos de las familias de pacientes demenciados hospitalizados en el Servicio de Psiquiatria del Hospital Universitario "Luis Razetti" de Barcelona lapso 1982-1986 / Psychological aspects of the families of dementia patients hospitalized in Servicio de Psiquiatria del Hospital Universitario Luis Razetti from Barcelona during 1982-1986

Estudio de 20 familias de pacientes demenciados que fueron hospitalizados en el Servicio de Psiquiatria del Hospital Universitario "Luis Razetti" en el lapso 1982-1986; estudiándose los aspectos psicológicos del grupo familiar por su relación con el enfermo demenciado haciendo énfasis en la persona encargada del paciente. La relación desencadena problemas de coexistencia que alteran los sentimientos hacia el enfermo, la tolerancia de la vida en el ambiente familiar y hasta la salud mental de algunos de los miembros de la familia, llegando incluso a retirar el enfermo del grupo familiar