RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Evidence supports a causal relationship between circadian disturbance and impaired glucose homeostasis. METHODS: To determine the effect of an educational intervention delivered by primary care nurses to improve sleep hygiene, a parallel, open-label clinical trial in subjects aged 18 and older with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was performed. Study variables were sex, age, fasting glucose, glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), sleep duration and efficiency, body mass index, antidiabetic treatment, diet and physical exercise. An individual informative educational intervention was carried out following a bidirectional feedback method. The intervention aimed to develop skills to improve sleep through nine simple tips. An analysis of covariance was performed on all the mean centred outcome variables controlling for the respective baseline scores. RESULTS: In the intervention group, PSQI dropped, the duration and quality of sleep increased, and a decrease in fasting glucose and in HbA1c levels was observed. CONCLUSION: The proposed intervention is effective for improving sleep quality, length and efficiency, and for decreasing fasting glucose and HbA1c levels in only 3 months. These findings support the importance of sleep and circadian rhythm education focused on improving IFG and T2DM.
RESUMO
Introducción: La enfermedad renal crónica afecta a un 9,16% de la población española. Su elevada prevalencia e infradiagnóstico requieren de coordinación interdisciplinar para mejorar la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta patología. Así, nos planteamos identificar la prevalencia real de enfermedad renal crónica en nuestra Área Básica de Salud, detectando errores de codificación y diagnóstico. Material y Método: Estudio observacional transversal en pacientes mayores de 14 años pertenecientes al Área Básica de Salud de Balaguer. Los criterios de clasificación diagnóstica fueron: pacientes diagnosticados de enfermedad renal crónica o no codificados con alteración renal medida por filtrado glomerular, cociente albúmina/creatinina o albuminuria leve. Se consideraron como pérdidas los exitus y los pacientes con cambio de área básica de salud. Las variables estudiadas fueron: diagnóstico y estadio de enfermedad renal crónica, albuminuria leve, cociente albúmina/creatinina, filtrado glomerular y determinaciones analíticas. Se realizó una codificación a través de la revisión de la historia clínica. El análisis se basó en prevalencias. Resultados: La prevalencia aumentó del 3,98% inicial al 6,00% tras la revisión. Manteniéndose aún cifras de infradiagnóstico, con una detección de dos terceras partes de lo esperado. Añadiendo los pacientes pendientes de una segunda determinación analítica y los que padecen albuminuria leve, la prevalencia representaba el 80% de lo esperado (7,40%). Conclusiones: Se observa la existencia de infradiagnóstico en la detección precoz de ERC. Una revisión de los criterios de clasificación ayudan a mejorar las cifras de este infradiagnóstico
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease affects 9.16% of the Spanish population. The high prevalence and underdiagnosis require interdisciplinary coordination to improve the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. Thus, we propose to identify the real prevalence of chronic kidney disease in our Basic Health Area, to detect coding and diagnostic errors, and to increase detection. Material and Method: Cross-sectional observational study in patients older than 14 years residing in the Basic Health Area of Balaguer. The diagnostic classification criteria were patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease or not coded with renal impairment, measured by glomerular filtration rate, albumin/creatinine ratio or mild albuminuria. Loss of follow-up were considered deaths and patients with change in Basic Health Area. The variables studied were: diagnosis and stage of chronic kidney disease, mild albuminuria, albumin/creatinine ratio, glomerular filtration and analytical determinations. A coding was performed through the review of the medical history. The analysis was based on prevalence. Results: The prevalence increased from an initial 3.98% to 6.00% after the review. Underdiagnosis figures were maintained, with a detection of two thirds of the expected. Adding the patients pending a second analytical determination and those suffering from mild albuminuria, the prevalence represented 80% of the expected (7.40%). Conclusion: The existence of underdiagnosis is observed in the early detection of CKD. A review of the classification criteria helps to improve underdiagnosis data
