Hemorragias cerebrales múltiples secundarias a coagulación intravascular diseminada en un paciente con COVID-19 / Multiple cerebral haemorrhages secondary to disseminated intravascular coagulation in a patient with COVID-19

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Cell saving systems do not reduce the need of transfusion in low-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVES: Cell saving systems have been widely used to reduce blood loss and need of transfusions. These device are mainly indicated in complex cardiac surgery procedures and in those patients with a high risk of bleeding. However, it is not clear if there is a benefit of a cell saver (CS) system in low-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Our aim was to analyze if the use of CS systems reduce the need of blood products in low-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: Between February and June 2009 all low-risk patients (EuroSCORE<10%) undergoing coronary or valve procedure were selected (n=63). Exclusion criteria were: combined procedure, aorta procedure, redo surgery, emergency procedures, creatinine levels>2 mg/ml, anemic patients and patients with a body surface area (BSA)<1.6 m2. Patients were randomized to undergo cardiac surgery with a cell saving system (group CS) (n=34) or without (control group, CO) (n=29). All patients received tranexamic acid during the procedure. Need of blood products and clinical outcomes were analyzed in both groups. RESULTS: Mean age was 64.7±12.3 years old with 33% of female patients. Baseline clinical characteristics and preoperative blood count cell were similar in both groups. Mean CS blood reinfused was 461±174 ml (maximum: 985 minimum: 259). A total of 59 red blood packages were transfused in 25 patients (mean 1.02±1.3; range: 0-5). The proportion of patients being transfused was similar in both groups (CS: 40% vs. CO: 46.4%; P=0.79). Eleven plasma packages were transfused (CS: 8 vs. CO: 3; P=0.77) and three platelet pools were used in group CS and none in group CO (P=0.08). Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative hemoglobin levels>13.3 g/dl [relative risk (RR): 0.29; confidence interval (CI): 0.09-0.99] and BSA>1.74 (RR: 0.19; CI: 0.54-0.68) were protective against blood transfusion. CONCLUSIONS: In low-risk patients CS system did not reduce the need of blood transfusion. Clinical outcomes were similar regardless of the use of a cell saver system. A low preoperative hemoglobin level and a low BSA were related with the use of blood products.

[Bloodless cardiac surgery in Jehovah's witnesses: outcomes compared with a control group]. / Cirugía cardiaca sin sangre en testigos de Jehová: resultados frente a grupo control.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Some patients, such as Jehovah's Witnesses, refuse to use blood products, which can make it difficult to achieve the same outcomes as in the general population. The objective of this study was to determine whether clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes in Jehovah's Witnesses undergoing cardiac surgery are similar to those in other patients. METHODS: Paired-group retrospective cohort study. All Jehovah's Witnesses undergoing cardiac surgery between January 1998 and September 2006 were included (n=59). Cases were matched on a 1:1 basis according to sex, age (5) years, year and type of surgery, and need for repeat surgery. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative data were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age of cases was 62.5 (11.1) years with 57.6% being female. Some 30.5% had had at least one previous cardiac intervention. The clinical characteristics of the two groups were similar. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were higher in Jehovah's Witnesses both before (13.6 g/dL vs 12.9 g/dL; P=.01, and 40.7% vs 39%; P=.09) and after (11 g/dL vs 10 g/dL; P=.003, and 34.2% vs 30.7%; P=.001) surgery. Jehovah's Witnesses experienced significantly less bleeding, were intubated for fewer hours, and had shorter stays in both intensive care and the hospital. There was no difference in the rate of postoperative complications or mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical characteristics of Jehovah's Witnesses were similar to those of the control group. The complication rate was also similar in these patients, though the number of hours of mechanical ventilation was less, 24-hour bleeding was less, and the hospital stay was shorter. Mortality was similar in the two groups.

Cirugía cardiaca sin sangre en testigos de Jehová: resultados frente a grupo control / Bloodless cardiac surgery in Jehovah's witnesses: outcomes compared with a control group

Introducción y objetivos. Algunos pacientes, como los testigos de Jehová (TJ), rechazan el uso de hemoderivados, lo cual podría ser un inconveniente para ofrecerles los mismos resultados que a la población general. El objetivo es comprobar si las características de los TJ intervenidos de cirugía cardiaca y su morbimortalidad son similares a las del resto de pacientes. Métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de cohortes con grupos emparejados. Entre enero de 1998 y septiembre de 2006 se seleccionaron todos los TJ intervenidos de cirugía cardiaca (n = 59). Se empleó una técnica de emparejamiento 1:1 a partir de las siguientes variables: sexo, edad ± 5 años, año y tipo de cirugía y reintervención o no. Se analizaron las variables preoperatorias, intraoperatorias y postoperatorias. Resultados. La edad media de los casos fue de 62,5 ± 11,1 años, con un 57,6% de mujeres. El 30,5% de los pacientes presentaba una reintervención. Las características clínicas de ambos grupos fueron similares. Las concentraciones de hemoglobina y hematocrito preoperatorias (13,6 frente a 12,9 g/dl; p = 0,01; 40,7 frente a 39%; p = 0,09) y postoperatorias (11 frente a 10 g/dl; p = 0,003; 34,2 frente a 30,7%; p = 0,001) fueron mejores en los TJ. Éstos presentaron significativamente un menor sangrado, un menor número de horas de intubación y una menor estancia en la unidad de vigilancia intensiva y hospitalaria. No hubo diferencias en cuanto a la incidencia de complicaciones y mortalidad. Conclusiones. Las características de los pacientes TJ fueron comparables con las del grupo control. La incidencia de complicaciones en estos pacientes fue similar, con un menor número de horas de intubación, un menor sangrado a las 24 horas y una menor estancia hospitalaria. La mortalidad en ambos grupos fue similar (AU)

Introduction and objectives. Some patients, such as Jehovah's Witnesses, refuse to use blood products, which can make it difficult to achieve the same outcomes as in the general population. The objective of this study was to determine whether clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes in Jehovah's Witnesses undergoing cardiac surgery are similar to those in other patients. Methods. Paired-group retrospective cohort study. All Jehovah's Witnesses undergoing cardiac surgery between January 1998 and September 2006 were included (n=59). Cases were matched on a 1:1 basis according to sex, age (5) years, year and type of surgery, and need for repeat surgery. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative data were analyzed. Results. The mean age of cases was 62.5 (11.1) years with 57.6% being female. Some 30.5% had had at least one previous cardiac intervention. The clinical characteristics of the two groups were similar. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were higher in Jehovah's Witnesses both before (13.6 g/dL vs 12.9 g/dL; P=.01, and 40.7% vs 39%; P=.09) and after (11 g/dL vs 10 g/dL; P=.003, and 34.2% vs 30.7%; P=.001) surgery. Jehovah's Witnesses experienced significantly less bleeding, were intubated for fewer hours, and had shorter stays in both intensive care and the hospital. There was no difference in the rate of postoperative complications or mortality. Conclusions. The clinical characteristics of Jehovah's Witnesses were similar to those of the control group. The complication rate was also similar in these patients, though the number of hours of mechanical ventilation was less, 24-hour bleeding was less, and the hospital stay was shorter. Mortality was similar in the two groups (AU)