Carcass traits and meat quality of Pantaneiro lambs fed with increasing levels of crude glycerin / Características da carcaça e qualidade da carne de cordeiros Pantaneiros alimentados com teores crescentes de glicerina bruta

The objective was to assess the effect of inclusion of crude glycerin (CG) replacing corn in the diet of feedlot Pantaneiro lambs on the non-carcass components, regional and tissue composition, and carcass traits. Were used 24 not castrated males, in a completely randomized design with four treatments (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% of CG on DM basis). There was no effect of GB inclusion on non-carcass components. There was a quadratic effect for hot carcass weight, with lower value to 2.5% of CG. Regional and tissue composition of the carcass was not affected by the substitution of corn by CG. The tissue composition of shoulder and leg and instrumental traits of the shoulder were not affected by CG. There was a quadratic effect for the yellowness of the leg, with high value for 5.0% of GB. The ether extract content of shoulder showed decreased linear effect. The use of 7.5% of CG, in dry matter, can be recommend to replace corn of feedlot diets, without changing carcass traits and meat quality.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão de glicerina bruta (GB) em substituição ao milho, na dieta de cordeiros Pantaneiros confinados, sobre as características da carcaça e qualidade da paleta e do pernil. Foram utilizados 24 cordeiros machos, não castrados, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (0, 2,5, 5,0 e 7,5% de GB em base da MS). Não houve efeito da inclusão de GB sobre os não componentes de carcaça. Houve efeito quadrático para peso de carcaça quente, com menor valor para 2,5% de GB. A composição regional e tecidual da carcaça não foi alterada pela substituição do milho pela GB. A composição tecidual da paleta e pernil e as características instrumentais da paleta não foram afetadas pelos teores de GB. Houve efeito quadrático para a intensidade de amarelo do pernil, com maior valor para 5,0% de GB. O teor de extrato etéreo da paleta apresentou efeito linear decrescente. Pode-se recomendar a utilização de 7,5% de GB, na matéria seca, em substituição ao milho, sem alteração das características da carcaça e qualidade da carne.(AU)

Carcass traits and meat quality of Pantaneiro lambs fed with increasing levels of crude glycerin / Características da carcaça e qualidade da carne de cordeiros Pantaneiros alimentados com teores crescentes de glicerina bruta

The objective was to assess the effect of inclusion of crude glycerin (CG) replacing corn in the diet of feedlot Pantaneiro lambs on the non-carcass components, regional and tissue composition, and carcass traits. Were used 24 not castrated males, in a completely randomized design with four treatments (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% of CG on DM basis). There was no effect of GB inclusion on non-carcass components. There was a quadratic effect for hot carcass weight, with lower value to 2.5% of CG. Regional and tissue composition of the carcass was not affected by the substitution of corn by CG. The tissue composition of shoulder and leg and instrumental traits of the shoulder were not affected by CG. There was a quadratic effect for the yellowness of the leg, with high value for 5.0% of GB. The ether extract content of shoulder showed decreased linear effect. The use of 7.5% of CG, in dry matter, can be recommend to replace corn of feedlot diets, without changing carcass traits and meat quality.

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão de glicerina bruta (GB) em substituição ao milho, na dieta de cordeiros Pantaneiros confinados, sobre as características da carcaça e qualidade da paleta e do pernil. Foram utilizados 24 cordeiros machos, não castrados, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (0, 2,5, 5,0 e 7,5% de GB em base da MS). Não houve efeito da inclusão de GB sobre os não componentes de carcaça. Houve efeito quadrático para peso de carcaça quente, com menor valor para 2,5% de GB. A composição regional e tecidual da carcaça não foi alterada pela substituição do milho pela GB. A composição tecidual da paleta e pernil e as características instrumentais da paleta não foram afetadas pelos teores de GB. Houve efeito quadrático para a intensidade de amarelo do pernil, com maior valor para 5,0% de GB. O teor de extrato etéreo da paleta apresentou efeito linear decrescente. Pode-se recomendar a utilização de 7,5% de GB, na matéria seca, em substituição ao milho, sem alteração das características da carcaça e qualidade da carne.

Fatty acids composition of loin backfat of Nellore and Canchim bovines finished at feedlot and fed with differents levels of concentrate in diets / Ácidos graxos da gordura de cobertura do contrafilé de bovinos Nelore e Canchim terminados em confinamento e alimentados com diferentes níveis de concentrado nas dietas

The objective was to evaluate fatty acids composition of the back fat in loin meat (Longissimus muscle) from Nellore and Canchim young bulls. The animals were finished at feedlot and received sugar cane diets with two concentrate levels (40 and 60% of dry matter). The concentrates were formulated with sunflower grains, corn, soybean meal, dry sugar cane yeast, urea and mineral mixture. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with a 2x2 factorial arrangement (genetic group x concentrate level), and the results were submitted to the variance analysis and means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability, when the interaction was significant. The loin backfat of Nellore bulls had higher concentration of conjugated linoleic acids than Canchim bulls (0.86 and 0.59%, respectively). On the other hand, the loin back fat of Canchim bulls had higher concentrations of estearic (17.07%) and linoleic acids (2.40%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids than Nellore bulls, that showed values of 13.47 and 1.44, respectively. The Nellore and Canchim loin back fat presents significant amounts of beneficial fatty acids to human health. Levels of 40 and 60% of concentrate in the diet did not alter the fatty acids composition of loin backfat.(AU)

O objetivo foi avaliar a composição em ácidos graxos da gordura de cobertura do contrafilé (Longissimus) de tourinhos das raças Nelore e Canchim. Os animais foram terminados em confinamento e alimentados com dietas contendo cana-de-açúcar e duas proporções de concentrado (40 e 60% na matéria seca). Os concentrados foram compostos por grãos de girassol, milho, farelo de soja, levedura seca de cana-de-açúcar, uréia e núcleo mineral. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2x2 (grupo genético x nível de concentrado), sendo os resultados submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade, quando a interação foi significativa. A gordura de cobertura dos animais Nelore apresentou maior concentração de ácido linoléico conjugado do que a dos animais Canchim (0,86 e 0,59%, respectivamente). Por outro lado, a gordura de cobertura dos animais Canchim apresentou maior concentração de ácido esteárico (17,07%), linoléico (2,40%) e ácidos graxos polinsaturados do que a dos animais Nelore, que mostraram valores de 13,47 e 1,44%, respectivamente. A gordura de cobertura do contrafilé dos animais Canchim e Nelore apresenta quantidades significativas de ácidos graxos benéficos à saúde humana. Teores de 40 e 60% de concentrado na dieta não alteram a composição em ácidos graxos na gordura de cobertura.(AU)

Fatty acids composition of loin backfat of Nellore and Canchim bovines finished at feedlot and fed with differents levels of concentrate in diets / Ácidos graxos da gordura de cobertura do contrafilé de bovinos Nelore e Canchim terminados em confinamento e alimentados com diferentes níveis de concentrado nas dietas

The objective was to evaluate fatty acids composition of the back fat in loin meat (Longissimus muscle) from Nellore and Canchim young bulls. The animals were finished at feedlot and received sugar cane diets with two concentrate levels (40 and 60% of dry matter). The concentrates were formulated with sunflower grains, corn, soybean meal, dry sugar cane yeast, urea and mineral mixture. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with a 2x2 factorial arrangement (genetic group x concentrate level), and the results were submitted to the variance analysis and means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability, when the interaction was significant. The loin backfat of Nellore bulls had higher concentration of conjugated linoleic acids than Canchim bulls (0.86 and 0.59%, respectively). On the other hand, the loin back fat of Canchim bulls had higher concentrations of estearic (17.07%) and linoleic acids (2.40%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids than Nellore bulls, that showed values of 13.47 and 1.44, respectively. The Nellore and Canchim loin back fat presents significant amounts of beneficial fatty acids to human health. Levels of 40 and 60% of concentrate in the diet did not alter the fatty acids composition of loin backfat.

O objetivo foi avaliar a composição em ácidos graxos da gordura de cobertura do contrafilé (Longissimus) de tourinhos das raças Nelore e Canchim. Os animais foram terminados em confinamento e alimentados com dietas contendo cana-de-açúcar e duas proporções de concentrado (40 e 60% na matéria seca). Os concentrados foram compostos por grãos de girassol, milho, farelo de soja, levedura seca de cana-de-açúcar, uréia e núcleo mineral. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2x2 (grupo genético x nível de concentrado), sendo os resultados submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade, quando a interação foi significativa. A gordura de cobertura dos animais Nelore apresentou maior concentração de ácido linoléico conjugado do que a dos animais Canchim (0,86 e 0,59%, respectivamente). Por outro lado, a gordura de cobertura dos animais Canchim apresentou maior concentração de ácido esteárico (17,07%), linoléico (2,40%) e ácidos graxos polinsaturados do que a dos animais Nelore, que mostraram valores de 13,47 e 1,44%, respectivamente. A gordura de cobertura do contrafilé dos animais Canchim e Nelore apresenta quantidades significativas de ácidos graxos benéficos à saúde humana. Teores de 40 e 60% de concentrado na dieta não alteram a composição em ácidos graxos na gordura de cobertura.

Análise qualitativa de compostos voláteis do headspace de carne cozida de ovinos e caprinos / Qualitative analysis of headspace volatile compounds of lambs and goats cooked meat

Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar qualitativamente os compostos voláteis (CV) do headspace de diferentes músculos de carne cozida de ovinos e caprinos da região do Alto Camaquã, Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil. Os CV do headspace dos músculos cozidos, L. dorsi e V. lateralis de cinco ovinos machos (idade de 6 meses) e cinco cabritos machos castrados (idade de 8-9 meses) foram analisados pela técnica de microextração em fase sólida (HS-SPME) e cromatógrafo a gás acoplado a espectrômetro de massas (GC/MS). Foram encontrados 73 compostos voláteis, dentre eles aldeídos, cetonas e compostos sulfurados, característicos de carne processada termicamente. A partir da fração volátil, foi possível encontrar marcadores que discriminassem as espécies animais estudadas, caracterizando os caprinos por apresentarem, entre outros compostos, terpenos (β-pineno, α-gurjuneno, α-muuroleno), ausentes em ovinos. Alguns compostos discriminaram V. lateralis e L. dorsi de ovinos, como álcool isopropílico, α-pineno, o-xileno, porém não foi possível obter uma diferenciação entre os músculos de caprinos.

The aim of this research was to characterize qualitatively the potential markers volatile compounds of the headspace of cooked lambs and goats meat from region of Alto Camaquã, Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil. The volatile compounds of cooked meat of L. dorsi and V. lateralis muscles of five male lambs (6 months of age) and five castrated male goats (8 - 9 months of age) were analyzed by solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) technic and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Seventy-three volatile compounds were found in samples headspace, including aldehydes, ketones and sulfur compounds characteristic from processed meat. Furthermore, it was possible to discriminate goats meat mainly by identification of terpenes (β-pinene, α-gurjunene, α-muurolene), which were absent in lambs. Some compounds discriminated V. lateralis and L. dorsi lamb muscles, such as isopropyl alcohol, α-pinene, m-xylene, but there was no discrimination between the muscles of goats.

Promoting networks between evidence-based medicine and values-based medicine in continuing medical education.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, medical practice has followed two different paradigms: evidence-based medicine (EBM) and values-based medicine (VBM). There is an urgent need to promote medical education that strengthens the relationship between these two paradigms. This work is designed to establish the foundations for a continuing medical education (CME) program aimed at encouraging the dialogue between EBM and VBM by determining the values relevant to everyday medical activities. METHODS: A quasi-experimental, observational, comparative, prospective and qualitative study was conducted by analyzing through a concurrent triangulation strategy the correlation between healthcare personnel-patient relationship, healthcare personnel's life history, and ethical judgments regarding dilemmas that arise in daily clinical practice.In 2009, healthcare personnel working in Mexico were invited to participate in a free, online clinical ethics course. Each participant responded to a set of online survey instruments before and after the CME program. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with healthcare personnel, focusing on their views and representations of clinical practice. RESULTS: The healthcare personnel's core values were honesty and respect. There were significant differences in the clinical practice axiology before and after the course (P <0.001); notably, autonomy climbed from the 10th (order mean (OM) = 8.00) to the 3rd position (OM = 5.86). In ethical discernment, the CME program had an impact on autonomy (P ≤0.0001). Utilitarian autonomy was reinforced in the participants (P ≤0.0001). Regarding work values, significant differences due to the CME intervention were found in openness to change (OC) (P <0.000), self-transcendence (ST) (P <0.001), and self-enhancement (SE) (P <0.019). Predominant values in life history, ethical discernment and healthcare personnel-patient relation were beneficence, respect and compassion, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The healthcare personnel participating in a CME intervention in clinical ethics improved high-order values: Openness to change (OC) and Self Transcendence (ST), which are essential to fulfilling the healing ends of medicine. The CME intervention strengthened the role of educators and advisors with respect to healthcare personnel. The ethical values developed by healthcare professionals arise from their life history and their professional formation.

Somatic cell count and California Mastitis Test as a diagnostic tool for subclinical mastitis in ewes

Background: Infectious mastitis has been described as one of the main diseases affecting animals during lactation. The disease in sheep has been studied for many years in countries where mastitis has an economical importance. However, the interest in mastitis studies in animals raised for food production has increased, because the disease may cause a reduction in weight and an increased mortality in lambs. In this study, Somatic Cells Count (SCC) and California Mastitis Test (CMT) were related to bacterial isolation for mastitis diagnosis in Corriedale sheep. Material, Methods & Results: Twenty nine (29) ewes, varying from 2-5 years of age, with different numbers of lactation and born lambs and never before machine-milked were used. Milking was done from October to November, once a week in the morning period, with oxytocin application. Four milk collections were made, at biweekly intervals for bacteriologic, SCC and CMT test, which were analyzed considering each gland as a sampling unit. Low incidence of subclinical mastitis (9.66%) was observed, with the majority (15/17) caused by coagulase negative Staphylococcus. There was no change in milk production related to SCC or bacteria isolation. However changes in milk components occurred in the presence of subclinical mastitis. A poor relation (k = 0.115) was determined between the results obtained in the bacteriological test and the SCC, with low sensitivity (13.33%) and an increased number of false negative results (13%). Comparing the SCC and CMT results as the diagnostic method for subclinical mastitis, a low (r = 0.2319) but significant (P = 0.0209) correlation was observed, as well as a poor concordance (k = 0.152). Using bacterial isolation as the standard test, it was determined that the CMT has low sensitivity (28.57%) as the diagnostic method of mastitis in ewes. Discussion: Mastitis has been considered an economically important disease in the production of sheep for meat and wool. According to reports, the frequency of its clinical occurrence may range from zero to 50%. In meat-producing herds, a low weight gain in lambs has been associated with subclinical mastitis and the study of mastitis in Corriedale sheep is justified since this is considered a breed of meat sheep with the best milk production. This breed is being crossed with milkproducing breeds, such as Laucane, to form milk-producing herds. Bacterial isolation has been adopted as the diagnostic method of mastitis in all livestock breeds. Similarly to the observation made by this study, Staphylococcus and, in a few cases, Streptococcus, have been the microorganisms most frequently involved in subclinical mastitis in sheep. The milk from ewes with mastitis tends to have a lower fat and lactose content than that of healthy ewes, due to the affected secretory function of these animals. The SCC of milk ewes has not yet been established, but its count in a healthy udder may reach up to 1.5x106 cel.mL-¹. Similarly, the CMT score to be used in sheep is still controversial, but the maximum score (+++) is adopted to indicate mastitis. The high number of false-negative and false-positive reactions observed in SCC and CMT tests means that healthy and ill animals are incorrectly identified and that no preventive and curative measures are adopted. Since the utilization of only one diagnosis method in sheep mastitis, without confirmation by bacteriologic test is not conclusive, the SCC and CMT should be used cautiously in sheep mastitis diagnosis.

¿Cómo prepararnos para la deliberación ética en la práctica clínica en pediatría? / Rethinking ethical decision-making in pediatrics

En el siglo XXI, el reto para la medicina es utilizar nuevamente términos, como filantropía y filotecnia, para la práctica clínica contemporánea, ya que estos términos se adaptan a nuestro actual entendimiento de que la medicina basada en valores y la medicina basada en evidencias deben ir siempre de la mano. Nuestro propósito es proponer un método integral de deliberación ética que implique una visión holística de los dilemas éticos en la práctica clínica de la pediatría.

A challenge for 21st century medicine is to rediscover the value of philanthropy and philotechnia in contemporary clinical practice because both are terms that adapt to our more current understanding of how value-based medicine and evidence-based medicine must always go "hand in hand." Our proposal is to offer an integral ethical deliberation method that implies a holistic view of the ethical dilemmas in pediatric clinical practice.

Efeito da altura do comedouro tubular sobre o desempenho e qualidade de carcaça em frangos de corte no período de 28 a 42 dias de idade / Effect of tubular feeder height on performance and carcass traits of broilers from 28 to 42 days of age

Com este trabalho objetivou-se verificar a influência da regulagem da altura dos comedouros tubulares no desempenho e na qualidade de carcaça de frangos de corte, e nas características microbiológicas da ração no período de 28 a 42 dias de idade. alojaram-se 880 frangos de corte fêmeas Ross em 40 boxes (repetições) com 22 aves cada (11 aves/m2). As aves foram submetidas a duas alturas de comedouro em dois períodos diferentes (28 35 dias de idade comedouro alto (CAL): borda superior do comedouro a 20 cm do solo; comedouro baixo (CB): borda superior a 11 cm do solo; 36 a 42 dias de idade CAL: borda superior a 25 cm do solo, CB: borda superior a 11 cm do solo). Utilizou-se o delineamento completamente casualizado, e as médias das variáveis respostas foram comparadas pelo teste ‘t de Student. No período de 28 a 42 dias de idade, não se encontraram diferenças significativas nas variáveis produtivas que justifiquem a utilização de comedouro regulado à altura do dorso das aves, conforme recomenda a grande maioria das guias de manejo. Foram encontradas menor porcentagem de gordura intermuscular nas coxas e maior de músculo nas sobrecoxas nas aves alimentadas com CB. Observou-se, também, maior quantidade de material de cama dentro dos comedouros no tratamento CB ao final do experimento, ainda que esta variável não tenha influenciado significativamente a qualidade microbiológica da ração.(AU)

This paper aimed to study the effect of tubular feeder height on performance, carcass traits and feed microbiological aspects of broilers from 28 to 42 days of age. Eight hundred and eighty female Ross broilers Ross were randomly allotted into 40 pens (replications) with 22 broilers each (11 birds/m2). Broilers were submited to two feeders height in two periods (28 to 35 days of age high feeder (HF): superior edge 20cm height; low feeder (LF): superior edge 11cm height; 36 to 42 days of age HF: superior edge 25cm height; LF: superior edge 11cm height). A completely randomized design was used and t test was utilized to compare the treatment averages. No significant differences for performance traits from 28 to 42 days of age were observed. Therefore, the recommendation for regulating feeder height to the birds back as in most of the poultry management guides does not seem to proceed. Birds fed in LF presented low percentage of intermuscular fat in the legs and high percentage of muscular tissue in leg quarters. Additionally, more wood shavings were found inside the feeders in LF than in HF at the end of trial, even though this variable did not influence negatively the microbiological quality of feed.(AU)

Efeito da altura do comedouro tubular sobre o desempenho e qualidade de carcaça em frangos de corte no período de 28 a 42 dias de idade / Effect of tubular feeder height on performance and carcass traits of broilers from 28 to 42 days of age

Com este trabalho objetivou-se verificar a influência da regulagem da altura dos comedouros tubulares no desempenho e na qualidade de carcaça de frangos de corte, e nas características microbiológicas da ração no período de 28 a 42 dias de idade. alojaram-se 880 frangos de corte fêmeas Ross em 40 boxes (repetições) com 22 aves cada (11 aves/m2). As aves foram submetidas a duas alturas de comedouro em dois períodos diferentes (28 – 35 dias de idade – comedouro alto (CAL): borda superior do comedouro a 20 cm do solo; comedouro baixo (CB): borda superior a 11 cm do solo; 36 a 42 dias de idade – CAL: borda superior a 25 cm do solo, CB: borda superior a 11 cm do solo). Utilizou-se o delineamento completamente casualizado, e as médias das variáveis respostas foram comparadas pelo teste ‘t’ de Student. No período de 28 a 42 dias de idade, não se encontraram diferenças significativas nas variáveis produtivas que justifiquem a utilização de comedouro regulado à altura do dorso das aves, conforme recomenda a grande maioria das guias de manejo. Foram encontradas menor porcentagem de gordura intermuscular nas coxas e maior de músculo nas sobrecoxas nas aves alimentadas com CB. Observou-se, também, maior quantidade de material de cama dentro dos comedouros no tratamento CB ao final do experimento, ainda que esta variável não tenha influenciado significativamente a qualidade microbiológica da ração.

This paper aimed to study the effect of tubular feeder height on performance, carcass traits and feed microbiological aspects of broilers from 28 to 42 days of age. Eight hundred and eighty female Ross broilers Ross were randomly allotted into 40 pens (replications) with 22 broilers each (11 birds/m2). Broilers were submited to two feeders height in two periods (28 to 35 days of age – high feeder (HF): superior edge 20cm height; low feeder (LF): superior edge 11cm height; 36 to 42 days of age – HF: superior edge 25cm height; LF: superior edge 11cm height). A completely randomized design was used and t test was utilized to compare the treatment averages. No significant differences for performance traits from 28 to 42 days of age were observed. Therefore, the recommendation for regulating feeder height to the birds’ back as in most of the poultry management guides does not seem to proceed. Birds fed in LF presented low percentage of intermuscular fat in the legs and high percentage of muscular tissue in leg quarters. Additionally, more wood shavings were found inside the feeders in LF than in HF at the end of trial, even though this variable did not influence negatively the microbiological quality of feed.

Temperamento e comportamento materno-filial de ovinos das raças Corriedale e Ideal e sua relação com a sobrevivência dos cordeiros / Temperament and maternal behavior of Corriedale and Pollwarth sheep and its relation with lamb's survival

O experimento foi conduzido na Estação Experimental da Embrapa, Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, entre março de 2005 e fevereiro de 2006. O objetivo foi avaliar o comportamento materno-filial e o temperamento de ovelhas e cordeiros e relacioná-los com a sobrevivência dos cordeiros. Foram utilizadas 47 ovelhas da raça Corriedale, com peso médio de 52,1kg, e 45 ovelhas da raça Ideal, com peso médio de 49,5kg, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. O temperamento foi avaliado por meio dos testes: escore de comportamento materno (ECM), tempo de fuga, tipo de marcha e distância de fuga. As ovelhas da raça Corriedale apresentaram maiores valores no teste tipo de marcha que as ovelhas da raça Ideal. Os cordeiros da raça Corriedale eram os mais pesados e tinham maior índice de sobrevivência, quando comparados com os da raça Ideal. A raça não afetou o escore de comportamento materno. Ovelhas reativas (ECM=1), que fogem e não retornam aos seus cordeiros, se isolaram menos do rebanho antes do parto, protegeram menos suas crias, desmamaram-nas mais cedo e tiveram menor peso em relação às não-reativas. A reatividade das ovelhas prejudicou o cuidado materno com os cordeiros e essa característica deve ser considerada pelo setor produtivo.(AU)

The trial was conducted at the Experimental Station of Embrapa, Bagé, RS, from March 2005 to February 2006, and aimed to evaluate the maternal behavior and temperament of ewes and their lambs and related them with lamb's survival. Forty-seven Corriedale ewes with mean body weight of 52.1kg and 45 Pollwarth ewes with mean body weight of 49.5kg were used, according to a completely randomized design. Temperament was evaluated through maternal behaviour score (MBS), flight time test (score and quantitative) and flight distance. Corriedale ewes presented larger values for flight time score than Pollwarth ewes. Corriedale lambs were heavier and a greater number survived than Pollwarth lambs. Sheep breed did not affect maternal score. Ewes considered reactive (MBS=1, those who run away and did not come back to stay with their lamb) seek less isolation from the herd at parturition, protected less their lambs, weaned them earlier and lighter than less reactive ewes. Reactivity decreased maternal care of ewes with its lambs, and this characteristic might be considered by productive systems.(AU)

Temperamento e comportamento materno-filial de ovinos das raças Corriedale e Ideal e sua relação com a sobrevivência dos cordeiros / Temperament and maternal behavior of Corriedale and Pollwarth sheep and its relation with lamb's survival

O experimento foi conduzido na Estação Experimental da Embrapa, Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, entre março de 2005 e fevereiro de 2006. O objetivo foi avaliar o comportamento materno-filial e o temperamento de ovelhas e cordeiros e relacioná-los com a sobrevivência dos cordeiros. Foram utilizadas 47 ovelhas da raça Corriedale, com peso médio de 52,1kg, e 45 ovelhas da raça Ideal, com peso médio de 49,5kg, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. O temperamento foi avaliado por meio dos testes: escore de comportamento materno (ECM), tempo de fuga, tipo de marcha e distância de fuga. As ovelhas da raça Corriedale apresentaram maiores valores no teste tipo de marcha que as ovelhas da raça Ideal. Os cordeiros da raça Corriedale eram os mais pesados e tinham maior índice de sobrevivência, quando comparados com os da raça Ideal. A raça não afetou o escore de comportamento materno. Ovelhas reativas (ECM=1), que fogem e não retornam aos seus cordeiros, se isolaram menos do rebanho antes do parto, protegeram menos suas crias, desmamaram-nas mais cedo e tiveram menor peso em relação às não-reativas. A reatividade das ovelhas prejudicou o cuidado materno com os cordeiros e essa característica deve ser considerada pelo setor produtivo.

The trial was conducted at the Experimental Station of Embrapa, Bagé, RS, from March 2005 to February 2006, and aimed to evaluate the maternal behavior and temperament of ewes and their lambs and related them with lamb's survival. Forty-seven Corriedale ewes with mean body weight of 52.1kg and 45 Pollwarth ewes with mean body weight of 49.5kg were used, according to a completely randomized design. Temperament was evaluated through maternal behaviour score (MBS), flight time test (score and quantitative) and flight distance. Corriedale ewes presented larger values for flight time score than Pollwarth ewes. Corriedale lambs were heavier and a greater number survived than Pollwarth lambs. Sheep breed did not affect maternal score. Ewes considered reactive (MBS=1, those who run away and did not come back to stay with their lamb) seek less isolation from the herd at parturition, protected less their lambs, weaned them earlier and lighter than less reactive ewes. Reactivity decreased maternal care of ewes with its lambs, and this characteristic might be considered by productive systems.

Produção e composição química do leite em diferentes genótipos ovinos / Milk production and chemical composition of different sheep genotypes

O objetivo deste trabalho foi a avaliação da produção do leite e de seus componentes químicos de animais Corriedale e cruzas de Corriedale x Milchschaf. Foram utilizadas 33 ovelhas Corriedale, 43 cruzas Corriedale x Milchschaf (F1) e 23 cruzas F1 (Corriedale x Milchschaf) x Milchschaf (F2). Os animais foram ordenhados duas vezes ao dia, de setembro a dezembro de 2002. No total, foram realizados cinco controles leiteiros com intervalo de vinte e um dias. As amostras para composição química foram analisadas para determinação de gordura, proteína e lactose. Foi utilizado o delineamento completamente casualizado para avaliação do efeito do genótipo sobre a produção de leite corrigida para os 100 dias, e sobre a produção de gordura, proteína e lactose. No modelo matemático, a idade, o número de cordeiros ao parto e a condição corporal foram utilizadas como covariáveis. Houve diferença significativa (P<0,0001) entre os genótipos para a produção de leite (kg), gordura, proteína e lactose (g) corrigidas aos 100 dias de lactação, de modo que o genótipo F1 e F2 mostraram-se mais produtivos.

The objective of this study was to evaluate production and chemical components of milk from Corriedale sheep and Corriedale x Milchschaf breed. Thirty-three Corriedale, 43 Corriedale x Milchschaf (F1), and 23 F1 (Corriedale x Milchschaf) x Milchschaf (F2) were used. Animals were milked twice daily, from September to December 2002. A total of five milking evaluation periods with a 21-day interval was conducted. Fat, protein and lactose contents were determined. A completely randomized design was used to evaluate the effect of genotype in milk production, corrected for 100 days and yield of fat, protein and lactose. In the mathematical model, age, number of sheep born and body condition were used as co-factors. Significant difference (P<0.0001) was found between genotypes in terms of milk production (kg), fat, protein, and lactose (g) corrected for 100 days of lactation. Genotypes F1 and F2 were the most productive.