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1.
West Afr J Med ; 40(8): 838-849, 2023 Aug 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37639490

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease is prevalent in most low- and middle-income countries, and it is a major cause of disability and low quality of life. Stroke incidence is rising in tandem with the prevalence of its risk factors. Our research aims to identify stroke risk factors in a semi-urban slum in northcentral Nigeria. METHODS: This community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in July 2017 to determine the prevalence of stroke risk factors among adult (≥18 years) residents of the Kabong community, in Jos, north central Nigeria. A total of 196 participants were recruited by multistage sampling technique. An adapted WHO STEPS questionnaire was used for the study and blood samples were obtained for lipid biochemistry. RESULTS: We studied 196 participants, of whom 118 (60.2%) were females. The participants' median age was 48 (29) years, with those ≥ 65 years accounting for 17.3%. Generalized and abdominal obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were all prevalent in 39.1%, 52.3%, 37.1% and 17.8% of the population respectively. A LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio of >2.5 was observed in 74.1% of participants, elevated total cholesterol in 52.3%, elevated LDL-cholesterol in 57.4%, low HDL-cholesterol in 68.5% and high triglycerides in 13.2%. Current smoking and alcohol consumption were found in 4.1% and 32% of respondents, respectively. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in this young population. Elevated blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, and illiteracy were all predictors of cardiovascular events. Health education, screening, and lifestyle changes are needed to reduce future cardiovascular disease burden.


INTRODUCTION: Les maladies cardiovasculaires sont répandues dans la plupart des pays à revenu faible ou intermédiaire et constituent une cause majeure d'invalidité et de mauvaise qualité de vie. L'incidence des accidents vasculaires cérébraux augmente parallèlement à la prévalence de leurs facteurs de risque. Notre recherche vise à identifier les facteurs de risque d'AVC dans un bidonville semi-urbain du centrenord du Nigeria. MÉTHODES: Cette étude transversale à base communautaire a été menée en juillet 2017 pour déterminer la prévalence des facteurs de risque d'AVC chez les résidents adultes (≥18 ans) de la communauté de Kabong, à Jos, dans le centre-nord du Nigéria. Au total, 196 participants ont été recrutés par une technique d'échantillonnage à plusieurs degrés. Un questionnaire STEPS adapté de l'OMS a été utilisé pour l'étude et des échantillons de sang ont été prélevés pour la biochimie des lipides. RÉSULTATS: Nous avons étudié 196 participants, dont 118 (60,2 %) étaient des femmes. L'âge médian des participants était de 48 (29) ans, les participants ≥65 ans représentant 17,3 %. L'obésité généralisée et abdominale, l'hypertension et le diabète sucré concernaient respectivement 39,1 %, 52,3 %, 37,1 % et 17,8 % de la population. Un rapport A LDL/HDL-cholestérol > 2,5 a été observé chez 74,1 % des participants, un taux élevé de cholestérol total chez 52,3 %, un taux élevé de LDL-cholestérol chez 57,4 %, un faible taux de HDLcholestérol chez 68,5 % et un taux élevé de triglycérides chez 13,2 %. Le tabagisme et la consommation d'alcool ont été constatés chez 4,1 % et 32 % des personnes interrogées, respectivement. CONCLUSION: La prévalence des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire est élevée dans cette jeune population. Une pression artérielle élevée, une hypertriglycéridémie et l'analphabétisme sont des facteurs prédictifs d'événements cardiovasculaires. L'éducation à la santé, le dépistage et les changements de mode de vie sont nécessaires pour réduire le fardeau des maladies cardiovasculaires à l'avenir. Mots-clés: Maladies cardiovasculaires, Facteurs de risque, Semiurbain, Centre-nord, Nigeria.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Hipertensão , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Áreas de Pobreza , Qualidade de Vida , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Colesterol
2.
West Afr J Med ; 38(5): 478-485, 2021 May 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34051721

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Stroke mortality has been shown to be higher in blacks in multiracial studies. It is also a very important cause of disability with its attendant deterioration in the quality of life in survivors. OBJECTIVE: The study sought to determine the risk and prognostic factors associated with stroke in Jos, North Central Nigeria. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of stroke patients that were followed up for 90 days to determine outcomes. The stroke patients were admitted into the neurology unit of Jos University Teaching Hospital between September 2016 and August 2018. RESULTS: We recruited a total of 246 subjects comprising 131 (53.3%) males aged 59.5 ± 13.1 years and 115 (46.6%) females aged 56.7 ± 14.2 years. Obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and alcohol consumption were the commonest risk factors identified. The 90-day case fatality rate of stroke was 22%. Elevated glycated haemoglobin (p = 0.001), loss of consciousness at presentation (p <0.001), atrial fibrillation (p= 0.022), cardiac disease (p < 0.001) and HIV infection (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with poor outcome for stroke. Furthermore, subjects with a high NIHSS had three times the risk of death compared with those with low scores (RR = 2.93; 95% CI = 2.38 - 3.61, p <0.001). CONCLUSION: The prognosis of stroke was poor. The predictors of poor stroke outcome were coma, HIV infection, cardiac disease, high NIHSS and total cholesterol.


HISTORIQUE: L'AVC est la deuxième cause de décès dans le monde. La mortalité par accident vasculaire cérébral s'est avérée plus élevée chez les Noirs dans les études multiraciales. C'est également une cause très importante d'invalidité avec la détérioration de la qualité de vie des survivants. OBJECTIF: L'étude visait à déterminer le risque et les facteurs pronostiques associés à un AVC à Jos, au centre-nord du Nigéria. MÉTHODES: Une étude de cohorte prospective de patients victimes d'un AVC qui a été suivie pendant 90 jours pour déterminer les résultats. Les patients victimes d'unAVC ont été admis dans l'unité de neurologie de l'hôpital universitaire de Jos entre septembre 2016 et août 2018. RÉSULTATS: Nous avons recruté un total de 246 sujets comprenant 131 (53,3%) hommes âgés de 59,5 ± 13,1 ans et 115 (46,6%) femmes âgées de 56,7 ± 14,2 ans. L'obésité, l'hypertension, la dyslipidémie et la consommation d'alcool étaient les facteurs de risque les plus courants identifiés. Le taux de mortalité par accident vasculaire cérébral à 90 jours était de 22%. L'hémoglobine glyquée élevée (p = 0,001), la perte de conscience à la présentation (p <0,001), la fibrillation auriculaire (p = 0,022), les maladies cardiaques (p <0,001) et l'infection à VIH (p = 0,001) étaient significativement associées à de mauvais résultats pour coup. En outre, les sujets avec un NIHSS élevé avaient trois fois le risque de décès par rapport à ceux avec desscores faibles (RR = 2,93; IC à 95% = 2,38 - 3,61, p <0,001). CONCLUSION: Le pronostic de l'AVC était mauvais. Les facteurs prédictifs d'un mauvais pronostic d'AVC étaient le coma, l'infection par le VIH, les maladies cardiaques, un NIHSS élevé et le cholestérol total. MOTS CLÉS: Prédicteurs, pronostic, accident vasculaire cérébral.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Qualidade de Vida , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia
3.
West Afr J Med ; 37(5): 555-559, 2020 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33058132

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Recent advances in ischaemic stroke care involve the use of antithrombotic and thrombolytic treatment options aimed at rescuing the salvageable brain tissue. Ischaemic stroke care in Nigeria is still a far cry from what's obtainable in advanced parts of the world where antithrombotic treatment options are being actively explored. A correlation of the volume of stroke lesion with patient outcome is a background for demonstrating the need for more tailored care to be studied in this part of the world. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with acute ischemic stroke who had brain computed tomography scans within 7 days of symptom onset were recruited consecutively and followed up for one month to assess the modified Rankin Scale(mRS) outcome. Infarct volume measurement was correlated with the patient outcome using the student T-test, logistic and linear regressions. The collected data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. The statistical level of significance was set at P£0.05. RESULTS: One hundred and nine (109) patients were recruited with a mean lesion volume of 32.9cm3. Volumes of 26.0cm3 and 79.9cm3 were seen in patients alive versus dead at onemonth post insult with a P-value of 0.000, 13.6cm3 and 38.7cm3 seen in patients with favorable and unfavorable outcomes respectively on the modified Ranking Scale (P<0.009). Linear and logistic regression of lesion volume on outcome were both significant (P<0.000). CONCLUSION: Cranial CT measurement of Acute ischaemic stroke lesion volume correlates with the mRS assessment of patient outcome at one-month post insult.


Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagem , Isquemia Encefálica/tratamento farmacológico , Hospitais de Ensino , Humanos , Nigéria , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Universidades
4.
Acta Neurol Scand ; 137(1): 133-141, 2018 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28975602

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Worldwide, the highest frequencies of APOL1-associated kidney variants are found in indigenous West Africans among whom small vessel disease (SVD) ischemic stroke is the most common stroke phenotype. The objective of this study was to investigate the association and effect sizes of 23 selected SNPs in 14 genes of relevance, including the APOL1 G1 variants, with the occurrence of SVD ischemic stroke among indigenous West African participants in the Stroke Investigative Research and Education Network (SIREN) Study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cases were consecutively recruited consenting adults (aged 18 years or older) with neuroimaging-confirmed first clinical stroke. Stroke-free controls were ascertained using a locally validated version of the Questionnaire for Verifying Stroke-Free Status (QVSFS). Logistic regression models adjusting for known vascular risk factors were fitted to assess the associations of the 23 SNPs in rigorously phenotyped cases (N = 154) of SVD ischemic stroke and stroke-free (N = 483) controls. RESULTS: Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) rs73885319 (OR = 1.52; CI: 1.09-2.13, P-value = .013), rs2383207 in CDKN2A/CDKN2B (OR = 3.08; CI: 1.15-8.26, P -value = .026) and rs2107595 (OR = 1.70; CI: 1.12-2.60, P-value = .014) and rs28688791 (OR = 1.52; CI: 1.03-2.26, P-value = .036) in HDAC9 gene were associated with SVD stroke at 0.05 significance level. Polymorphisms in other genes did not show significant associations. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of a specific association of APOL1 with a stroke subtype. Further research is needed to confirm these initial findings and deepen understanding of the genetics of stroke in people of African ancestry with possible implications for other ancestries as all humans originated from Africa.


Assuntos
Apolipoproteína L1/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/genética , Adulto , Idoso , População Negra/genética , Isquemia Encefálica/genética , Inibidor de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina p15/genética , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina , Inibidor de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina p18/genética , Feminino , Genótipo , Histona Desacetilases/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Fatores de Risco
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