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1.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 22(4): 354-364, dic. 2022. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1449382

RESUMO

RESUMEN La proteinosis alveolar pulmonar es una entidad clínica caracterizada por la acumula ción de material proteináceo, con alta riqueza en surfactante, mediado por una menor aclaración por parte de los macrófagos alveolares. En pacientes adultos, comúnmente se asocia a fenómenos autoinmunes que tienen como resultado una deficiencia del factor estimulante de colonias de granulocitos y macrófagos, lo que implica alteracio nes en la maduración y disfunción celular, lo que provoca disminución de la degrada ción del surfactante y su acumulación en el espacio alveolar. Su diagnóstico corres ponde a un reto para el clínico, sobre la base de los hallazgos en pruebas de función pulmonar, el patrón en "empedrado" (crazy paving) en la tomografía computarizada de tórax de alta resolución y que se confirma al obtener el material proteináceo en el lava do broncoalveolar. Dada su rareza, el tratamiento ideal permanece por ser elucidado y en la actualidad el pilar del tratamiento es el lavado pulmonar total. Reportamos un caso anecdótico de una paciente de 41 años con proteinosis alveolar pulmonar desde 2011, que ha requerido múltiples lavados pulmonares totales, con pobre respuesta a estos, persistencia de disnea y necesidad de oxígeno suplementario a pesar de realizar el procedimiento, pero con tendencia progresiva a la mejoría en los últimos 2 años. La técnica del lavado no está completamente estandarizada y su uso en Amé rica Latina es aún limitado, por lo que publicamos el protocolo utilizado en el Hospital Santa Clara de Bogotá, Colombia.


ABSTRACT Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a clinical entity characterized by the accumulation of proteinaceous material, rich in surfactant, mediated by reduced clearance by alveolar macrophages. In adult patients, it is commonly associated with autoimmune phenom ena resulting in a deficiency of the granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, which implies alterations in cell maturation and dysfunction, causing a decrease in surfactant degradation and its accumulation in the alveolar space. Its diagnosis poses a challenge to the clinician, based on the findings of pulmonary function tests and the crazy paving pattern of the high-resolution computed tomography of the chest, and is confirmed by obtaining the proteinaceous material in the bronchoalveolar la vage. Given its rarity, the ideal treatment remains to be elucidated, with whole lung lavage currently being the cornerstone of treatment. We report an anecdotal case of a 41-year-old female patient suffering from pulmonary alveolar proteinosis since 2011, who has required multiple whole lung lavages, with poor response to these, with persistent dyspnea and supplemental oxygen requirement even though she has performed the procedure, but with a progressive tendency towards improvement in the last 2 years. The lavage technique is not completely standardized and its use in Latin America is still limited, which is why we publish the protocol used in the Hospital Santa Clara of Bogotá, Colombia.

2.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 22(3): 230-234, set. 2022. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1407076

RESUMO

El síndrome de Birt-Hogg-Dubé es una rara enfermedad autosómica dominante causada por la mutación patogénica del gen de la foliculina, que se expresa principal mente en tres órganos que incluyen el pulmón, la piel y el riñón, y produce quistes pulmonares, tumores renales y cutáneos. Desde el punto de vista respiratorio es poco sintomática, pero los quistes presentan alto riesgo de neumotórax, por lo que es imprescindible realizar una adecuada semiología radiológica de los quistes para un diagnóstico oportuno. Los tumores más importantes son los renales porque incluyen varios tipos de carcinomas renales; debido a esto requieren seguimiento estricto y, en muchos, casos cirugía. Presentamos dos casos de pacientes con este síndrome; uno confirmado por la mutación genética y el otro, por la confirmación histológica de fibrofoliculoma, ambos criterios mayores para el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad. Es fundamental el diagnóstico temprano de esta entidad de acuerdo con lo expuesto anteriormente, por lo que hacemos esta revisión con una amplia discusión sobre la afectación pulmonar, la semiología radiológica de los quistes y los criterios diagnósticos.


The Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disease caused by the pathogenic mutation of the folliculin gene, which is mainly expressed in three organs that include the lung, the skin and the kidney, and produces lung cysts, and renal and skin tumors. From the respiratory point of view, it doesn't have many symptoms, but cysts have high risk of pneumothorax, so it is indispensable to carry out the correct radiological semiology of the cysts for a timely diagnosis. The most important tumors are the renal, because they include several types of renal carcinomas; that is why they require strict follow-up and, in many cases, surgery. We present two cases of patients with this syndrome: one confirmed by the genetic mutation, and the other one by the histological confirmation of fibrofolliculoma, both major criteria for the diagnosis of this disease. The early diagnosis of this entity is of fundamental importance, according to what has been previously presented, so we conduct this review with a broad discus sion about lung involvement, the radiological semiology of the cysts, and diagnostic criteria.

3.
Monaldi Arch Chest Dis ; 93(1)2022 Apr 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35416002

RESUMO

Erasmus syndrome is the association of the exposure to silica and the subsequent development of systemic sclerosis, a rare occurrence, with scarce data in medical literature, which can be attributed to little knowledge of the syndrome and underdiagnosis. It is important to recognize this association as it has a worse respiratory prognosis than the idiopathic form of systemic sclerosis and since autoimmune diseases are rarer in men, it is easy to do exposure research when they occur. We describe the case of a 59-year-old man, a bricklayer by craft since the age of 15, who presented with respiratory symptoms and skin alterations and in whom this syndrome was diagnosed during his recent admission.


Assuntos
Exposição Ocupacional , Escleroderma Sistêmico , Silicose , Masculino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Silicose/complicações , Silicose/diagnóstico , Dióxido de Silício/efeitos adversos , Escleroderma Sistêmico/complicações , Escleroderma Sistêmico/diagnóstico , Síndrome
4.
Monaldi Arch Chest Dis ; 92(3)2021 Dec 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34865459

RESUMO

Radiological findings in chest radiography and respiratory symptomatology represent a great challenge of interpretation during the COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic, as their patterns can generate uncertainty at the time of diagnosis. This case highlights the importance in achieving an adequate correlation between diagnostic imaging and the clinical picture. We present a male adult who was admitted for 8 days of respiratory symptoms. Management with steroids was initiated according to the RECOVERY (Randomized Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy) protocol and later confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection was received. In the following weeks, he deteriorated slowly and progressively clinically, without reaching respiratory failure. Imaging showed a thick-walled cavitation in the right lower lobe. Tuberculosis was suspected and confirmed. The uniqueness of this case of COVID-19 coinfection in a patient with undiagnosed tuberculosis, represents a diagnostic and clinical management challenge, where the proper interpretation of chest radiology is a fundamental tool.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Coinfecção , Tuberculose Pulmonar , Adulto , COVID-19/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Tuberculose Pulmonar/complicações
5.
Rev. méd. hondur ; 87(1): 28-32, ene.-mar. 2019. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1049497

RESUMO

La metformina (biguanida), grupo de medicamentos que proceden de la guanidina, se ha utilizado desde época medieval para tratamiento de la diabetes. Esta revisión bibliográfica narrativa tiene el propósito de contribuir a mejorar su uso clínico. Se realizó búsqueda de artículos originales, revisiones sistemáticas y artículos de revisión en internet, período 2012-2018, o anterior si fuera relevante. La metformina actúa como un hipoglucemiante, reduce la producción hepática de glucosa inhibiendo la gluconeogénesis y la glucogenólisis, aumenta captación de glucosa a nivel muscular y disminuye absorción de glucosa a nivel gastrointestinal. Una vez intracelular, aumenta la glucólisis anaerobia, uno de sus principales efectos adversos. La metformina es un fármaco que genera incremento de sensibilidad a insulina, mayor control de la glucemia, mejoría del perfil lipídico y de la función vascular, es de bajo costo y es en la actualidad la primera opción en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Biguanidas/farmacocinética , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Metformina/uso terapêutico , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico
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