[Some features Microtus arvalis arvalis and Microtus arvalis obscurus behaviour in family groups in experiment].

Social behaviour and time bunget of Microtus arvalis arvalis and Microtus arvalis obscurus was studied in 34 sq m enclosures. 10 family groups of each chromosome form (totally 60 animals) were used for observations. The experiment consisted of four stages: setting of a new territory by the voles (I); behaviour of the voles on fsmiliar territory (II); putting an unfamiliar male (III) or an familiar female (IV) into the groups. Totally 1120 hours of observation were conducted. We compared time budgets of two vicariuos forms by calculating the duration of active moving, sitting outside the nest-boxes, grooming and foraging of the voles. Social behaviour of M.a.arvalis and M.a.obscurus was described by analyzing the total number and ratio of different types of interactions (investigating, amicable, aggressive, contact evasion and avoidance). Time burget and social behaviour of two chromosome forms differed notably. Exploratory behaviour and some forms of activity are more typical for M.a.obscurus. They were also more sociable and less aggressive than M.a.arvalis. Amicable interactions predominated in M.a.obscurus while investingating (neutral) contacts predominated in M.a.arvalis.

[Viral infectious and chromosome aberrations in Bank Vole from natural and laboratory populations]. / Virusnye infektsii i khromosomnye narusheniia u Ryzhei polevki iz prirodnykh i laboratornykh populiatsii.

The frequency of chromosome damage was studied in the carriers of virus of the hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (Puumala virus) and in noninfected animals from two laboratory colonies and two natural populations of bank vole. In the laboratory colony, where Puumala virus persisted for three years, multiaberrant ("rogue") cells were found in the bone marrow; the mean frequencies of both structural and numeral chromosome abnormalities were significantly enhanced. In the other laboratory colony, no Puumala virus was detected during all 30 years of its existence, but the mean frequencies of structural chromosome damage were increased to the same degree probably due to the prolonged breeding under laboratory conditions, which resulted in suppression of immunity and DNA repair. The voles from the natural populations were more resistant to the clastogenic viral effect, but they also had multiaberrant cells which served as indicators of viral infection. The data obtained support the hypothesis that viral infections increase mutation rate, contributing thereby to the evolution process.

[The prevention of the hemorrhagic and pulmonary complications of extracorporeal detoxification in the multiple organ failure syndrome]. / Profilaktika gemorragicheskikh i legochnykh oslozhnenii ékstrakorporal'noi detoksikatsii pri sindrome poliorgannoi nedostatochnosti.

Based on an analysis of results of treatment of 216 patients with the syndrome of polyorganic insufficiency the authors have developed a method of extracorporal detoxication without using heparin. It includes preoperative haemodilution, administration of antithrombic deaggregating drugs. It leads to less amount of complications in efferent therapy of polyorganic insufficiency.

[Mechanisms of the positive clinical effect of plasmapheresis for arteriosclerosis obliterans in the lower extremities]. / Mekhanizmy polozhitel'nogo klinicheskogo éffekta plazmafereza pri obliteriruiushchem ateroskleroze sosudov nizhnikh konechnostei.

Some mechanisms of clinical improvement of peripheral atherosclerosis were studied on the basis of changes occurred in hemorheological parameters and lipid spectrum in 107 patients with atherosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremity vessels who had undergone 166 courses (468 sessions) of therapeutical plasmapheresis. In addition to improved lower extremity blood flow in 94.8% of patients with Stage II ischemia and 78.2% with Stage III, clinically improved cerebral circulation was seen in 87.6% and clinically better coronary circulation in 85.2%. This suggests definite unique hemodynamic effects of plasmapheresis. The paper also indicates that there are at least three mechanisms providing a positive clinical effect of plasmapheresis in peripheral atherosclerosis: (1) peripheral macro- and microhemodynamic improvement due to decreased levels of plasma and perimembrane fibrinogen and increased erythrocyte deformability; (2) a decrease in thrombus risk due to lower fibrinogen levels and fibrinolytic activation; (3) monitoring risk factors of atherosclerosis due to lower levels of atherogenic lipoproteins, triglycerides, and cholesterol.

[Selection of the method of renal revascularization in arteriosclerosis of the renal arteries]. / Vybor metoda revaskuliarizatsii pochek pri ateroskleroticheskom porazhenii pochechnykh arterii.

The work has analyzed results of 91 transaortal endarterectomies and 66 prostheses of renal arteries with the autovein. A preliminarily arterialized autovein is proposed as an autotransplant. The arterialization is achieved by inclusion of the autovein in the peripheral arterial system where the vein is gradually transformed and within 10-12 weeks its structure and biomechanical properties become closer to those of the artery of the musculo-elastic type. Preliminary arterialization excludes dilatatory changes of the autovenous transport.

[Steps to enhance the efficacy of the anterior measured keratotomy operation]. / Meropriiatiia po povysheniia éffektivnosti operatsii perednei dozirovannoi keratotomii.

Analysis of 5184 anterior measured keratotomies after the S. N. Fedorov's method performed at the Krasnoyarsk Interregional Centre of Ophthalmic microsurgery has shown coincidence of practical results with a computer prognosis in 80% of cases. It is shown that unsatisfactory refractive effect is directly related with irregular incisions of the cornea, its perforation and subsequent coarse scarring of the incisions. The authors have worked out a number of measures for optimization of the operation and treatment of persons with coarse scarring of the cornea in the postoperative period, which allows twice to reduce discrepancy between practical results of the operation and computer prognosis.

[Plasmapheresis in the treatment of acute thrombosis of the arteries of the limbs]. / Plazmaferez v lechenii ostrogo tromboza arterii konechnostei.

The positive effect of the use of plasmapheresis in the treatment of 20 patients with acute thrombosis of the arteries of the extremities is noted.