The Effect of Liposomes of Various Compositions on the Skin and Its Derivatives After II-IIIA Degree Thermal Burns.

This study examines the pathological processes and conditions arising from an experimental modeling of II-IIIA degree thermal burns in laboratory animals. These conditions are characterized by skin structure defects, diminished skin functions, especially the barrier function, and damage to skin derivatives like hair follicles and sebaceous glands. We compared the effect of liposomes composed of soybean lecithin of 90% phosphatidylcholine content and liposomes composed of lecithin of 26% phosphatidylcholine content on the epidermis, dermis and its capillaries, hair follicles, and the sebaceous glands of the laboratory animals 24 h after experimental modeling of II-IIIA degree thermal skin burns. We discuss the dependency of liposome effects on the skin and its derivatives on the fatty acid composition of the lecithin used, with particular focus on phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acids, as well as oleic and linoleic acids.

Comparison of the Functional Activities of Xanthine Oxidases Isolated from Microorganisms and from Cow's Milk.

The characteristics of the formation of the superoxide radical anion ([Formula: see text]) and hydrogen peroxide by xanthine oxidases isolated from microorganisms and from cow's milk were investigated. The increase in pH led to an increase in the rate of xanthine oxidation with oxygen by both xanthine oxidases. The functioning of xanthine oxidase from milk along with the two-electron reduction of O2 to H2O2 carries through the one-electron reduction of O2 to [Formula: see text], and the rate and the fraction of generation of [Formula: see text] increased with increasing pH. Under operation of the microbial xanthine oxidase, the [Formula: see text] radical was not detected in the medium. The results suggest a difference in the operation of active centers of enzyme from different sources.

[The hormonal and metabolic characteristics of children of dispensarization observation group of "frequently ill children"].

In spite of long-standing interest of researchers to problem of high susceptibility of frequently ill children to agents of respiratory diseases, so far no pathogenic mechanisms of this phenomenon were established. Therefore, selection of appropriate techniques of prevention of frequent respiratory diseases is complicated. Previously, the key role of cortisol and lipid-transferring system of blood in pathologic process was demonstrated. However, the assumption was expressed concerning heterogeneity of group of frequently ill children in content of cortisol - possibly conditioned by polymorphism of receptors to cortisol and as a sequence alteration of their quantity and sensitivity to this hormone. In turn, occurring imbalance between amount of cortisol and receptors is able to result in large specter of metabolic and immunological alterations. The purpose of this study was investigation of content of cortisol in blood, amount of its nuclear receptors in leukocytes and also lipid-transferring system of blood of frequently ill children examined in autumn in inter-morbid period. The statistical analysis of received results permits stating that group of frequently ill children is heterogeneous and is presented by two sub-groups with reliably differing by level of cortisol and ratio cortisol/ receptors to cortisol. This phenomenon cab be conditioned by polymorphism of genes coding nuclear receptors to cortisol, ATP- binding cassette transporter, lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase, scavenger-receptors. The step-by-step discriminant analysis with development of discriminant diagnostic model detected cortisol, cholesterol of high density lipoproteins and cholesterol of low density lipoproteins as valuable factors being active participants of development ofphenomenon of frequently ill children.

[The impact of anemia on content and physical chemical characteristics of membranes of erythrocytes in pregnant women].

The article deals with the study of deformability of erythrocytes, lipid protein content and physical chemical characteristics was cytoplasmic membrane of erythrocytes in women aged 21-26 years with pregnancy taking normal course and complicated with anemia. In women with pregnancy complicated with anemia, by the period of 32-34 weeks in membranes of erythrocytes the percentage of lysophosphatids and cholesterol is decreased while the number of whole phospholipids and phosphatidyl inositols is decreased. The variance analysis demonstrated that the percentage of impact of anemia on the content of whole phospholipids consisted 11.1% and on ratio of phospholipids and cholesterol about 23.9%. The changes in content of membranes of erythrocytes had no impact on their physical chemical characteristics and deformability of erythrocytes.

[Correction of protein-lipid composition in liver mitochondria during experimental widespread purulent peritonitis].

Experiments performed in a group of 55 chinchilla rabbits showed that the development of widespread purulent peritonitis is accompanied by the expressed changes of protein-lipid structure of liver mitochondria. A comparative analysis of the application of metabolic preparations citoflavin and neoton for the purpose of eliminating pathological deviations in the structure of liver mitochondrian has been carried out. The application of citoflavin more effectively prevents decrease in total phospholipids and cholesterol in mitochondrial membranes. In combination with stimulation of an increase in the amount of protein, this points to high protective properties of this preparation which allow the functional potential of liver mitochondria to be retained under conditions of experimental widespread purulent peritonitis.

[The correction of the mitochondrial lipid spectre in liver by the experimental peritoniti].

The experiment has been carried out on 55 male rabbits of chinchilla breed. For the first time in comparative aspect influence of preparations "Citoflavin" and "Neoton" on a phospholipid spectrum of liver mitochondrial membranes is studied at an experimental widespread purulent peritonitis. It is established that in the postoperative period "Citoflavin", which contains amber acid, influences on phospholipid structure of mitochondria of animals with a widespread purulent peritonitis by percentage decrease of lisophosphatides, level increase of polyglycerophosphatide and cardiolipin more effectively.

[The composition of blood lipoproteins of donors 2 hours later after single atorvastatin intake].

The distribution of single intake atorvastatin in the content of very low, low and high density lipoproteins extracted from blood plasma of healthy volunteers by means of ultracentrifugal separation was investigated. The impact of atorvastatin on the composition of lipoprotein complexes was assessed. It is demonstrated that atorvastatin and its active derivatives transport mainly in the composition of high density lipoproteins. The distribution of atorvastatin and its biologically active metabolites has gender differences. It is established that in males atorvastatin increases the content of triacylglycerides of low density lipoproteins and cholesterol of high density lipoproteins in females.

[Effect of reamberin on the lipid spectrum of the liver mitochondria in experimental widespread purulent peritonitis].

Lipid spectrum of liver mitochondria has been studied in a group of 46 Chinchilla rabbits with experimental widespread purulent peritonitis. It is established that the drug reamberin that contains succinic acid produces a positive effect on the protein spectrum of liver mitochondria under these conditions, which is manifested by a decrease in the content of lysophosphatidylcholine and increases the levels of polyglycerophosphatides and sphyngomyelin.

[Higher cortisol levels in frequently ill children as a factor increasing susceptibility to acute respiratory infections].

The authors have defined some specific features of performance of the immune and lipid-transporting systems in their association with serum cortisol levels in frequently ill children when the signs of an infectious process are absent. The possible links of a pathological process, which give rise to enhanced susceptibility to acute respiratory infections in this patient group, are described.

[Changes in the fat-acid spectrum of high-density lipoproteins as observed in men and women with acute appendicitis].

Differences in the reaction of the fat-acid spectrum of high-density lipoproteins (HDLP and HDLP3) and ethers of transfer-protein cholesterol (ETPC) as well as in the activity of lecithin cholesterin acetyltransferase and the content of cholesterol were compared for male and female patients (of the second mature age) with appendicitis. It was concluded that the female patients with appendicitis had, versus healthy women of the same age, a lower share of poly-unsaturated fat acids (PUFA) in the HDLP content and, possibly, a compensatorily intensified activity of the delta9-desaturase system; the changes were concomitant with a reduced functional HDLP activity. Within the discussed age span, the female patients with appendicitis had, versus the male patients, a more drastically reduced content of PUFA in HDLP, which was accompanied by a more intense modification of their functional activity with an active metabolism of PUFA (possibly of the omega9-row) due to ETPC.

[Platelet lipid spectrum in male patients with appendicitis]. / Lipidnyi spektr trombotsitov u muzhchin, bol'nykh appenditsitom.

The phosphor-lipid spectrum and the fat-acid composition of platelets were investigated in male patients with appendicitis (mature age, periods I and II). The thrombogenic potential of platelets was found to be higher in both age groups. As for the males of mature age, period II, the pro-thrombogenic shifts were found to be more essential in them, i.e. the contents of oleic acid (an activator of the release of ionized Ca++), of arachidonic acid (precursor of thromboxanes) and of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (precursor of vasocontrast prostanoids) were higher in them.

Changes in the blood lipid-transporting system in rats over the first day of experimental peritonitis.

Changes in the lipid spectrum of blood plasma and composition of high-density lipoproteins in outbred albino rats were studied during early stages of experimental peritonitis. We revealed an increase in lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity, activation of lipolytic production of high-density lipoproteins from very-low-density lipoproteins, and substitution of arachidonic acid in cholesterol esters for dihomo-gamma-linoleic acid 7 h after induction of peritonitis. After 24 h the protein composition and functional activity of high-density lipoproteins was modified and the amount of saturated fatty acids in cholesterol esters increased.

[Comparative characteristics of changes in the fatty acid spectrum of high density lipoproteins in male patients of various age with appendicitis]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika izmenenii spektra zhirnykh kislot lipoproteinov vysokoi plotnosti bol'nykh appenditsitom muzhchin raznogo vozrasta.

The fatty acid spectrum, the content of cholesterol of total high-density lipoproteins (HDLP) and high-density lipoproteins3 as well as the activity of lecithin-cholesteryl-acyl-transferase (LCAT) were investigated in mature-age males (periods I and II) with appendicitis. The intensity of endogenous production of polyunsaturated fatty acids was concluded to be reducing in mature-age (periods I and II) males. As for the mature-age males of period I, the consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids was found to be increasing and the production of endogenous cholesterol was found to be decreasing in them. The transformation of HDLP3 into HDLP2 was found to be declerating in the mature-males of period II, while the cholesterol-acceptor ability of HDLP3 was going up in the males of latter category.

Changes in the lipid-transporting system in rats with experimental peritonitis.

In experiments on outbred albino rats the spectrum of plasma lipids and composition of HDL were studied during the early period of experimental peritonitis. The content of HDL cholesterol, activity of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, and intensity of VLDL lipolysis increased. We also revealed accumulation of dihomo-gamma-linolenic, a marker of essential fatty acid deficiency, in HDL cholesterol esters.