Desplazamiento del tercer molar inferior al espacio submaxilar: presentación de dos casos clínicos / Displacement of the third molar bottom to the submaxilar space: presentation of two clinical cases

Los desplazamientos del tercer molar inferior a espacios extraorales constituyen un accidente poco común, sin embargo, pueden acarrear graves consecuencias a la salud del paciente. Se presentan dos casos clínicos, donde se describe la exéresis de terceros molares inferiores alojados en el espacio submaxilar, a través de un abordaje cervical (AU)

The displacement of lower third molars to extra-spaces are a rare accident, however, they can have serious consequences to the health of the patientTwo cases where excision of third molars staying in the submandibular space is described through a cervical approach are presented (AU)

Implant prosthetic rehabilitation with a free fibula flap and interpositional bone grafting after a mandibulectomy: a clinical report.

This clinical report describes the multidisciplinary treatment of a 16-year-old girl diagnosed with cemento-ossifying fibroma in the mandible. The resection of the lesion and reconstruction with a free osseous fibula flap with microvascular anastomosis was performed. Four months later, interpositional bone grafting of iliac spongy bone was used to gain bone height at the treated site. Twenty-four months later, 5 dental implants were placed. After a 6-month osseointegration period, a partial screw-retained fixed dental prosthesis was fabricated. Prosthodontic planning and treatment considerations are discussed.

Effects of differential reinforcement on the generalization of a replacement mand in three children with severe language delays.

We investigated variables that may influence the generalization of a replacement mand in 3 young children with severe language delays. A multiple baseline design consisting of one stimulus class of manding opportunities that we arbitrarily divided into three categories (i.e., food, toys, and events) was used for each child. During baseline probes, all children manded mainly by reaching, grabbing, or leading. We then taught each child a replacement mand using a single member of the stimulus class. Acquisition of the replacement mand occurred under highly restricted conditions in a setting that was completely isolated from the generalization settings. Postacquisition probes revealed almost exclusive use of old manding forms. Subsequently, extinction of the old forms and reinforcement of the replacement mand were introduced in a sequential fashion. Two children manifested a substantial increase, and 1 child displayed a moderate increase in the occurrence of the replacement mand (i.e., generalization occurred). These results suggest that a differential reinforcement procedure can alter the probability of the occurrence of response class members across a variety of stimulus conditions.

Fading teacher prompts from peer-initiation interventions for young children with disabilities.

This study examined a system for fading teacher prompts to children who served as peers in peer-initiation interventions for young children with disabilities. A teacher taught peers to direct social initiations to children with disabilities, provided verbal prompts for those initiations, and introduced a system that provided peers with visual feedback about the social interactions of the children with disabilities. She then systematically withdrew the verbal prompts to peers, and subsequently faded the visual feedback system. Peer initiations increased when the intervention began and resulted in increases in social interaction for the children with disabilities. As the teacher systematically faded the prompts and visual feedback to the peers, social interaction continued at the levels found during intervention and was maintained during a short maintenance period.