[Changes in the prevalence of H. pylori in Perú; during the 1985-2002 period in medium and upper socio-economic strata]. / Variacion de la prevalencia del H. pylori en le Perú período (1985-2002), en una población de nivel socioeconómico medio y alto.

INTRODUCTION: In the developed countries, the prevalence of infection by H. Pylori among patients with active chronic gastritis (ACG) and peptic ulcer is diminishing. In developing countries, as far as it is known, neither a time variation of this infection nor a related epidemiological phenomena have been reported. OBJECTIVE: Determine the changes in the prevalence of H. pylori in patients from medium and high socio-economic strata in Lima, with ACG and peptic ulcer from 1985 to 2002. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An evaluation by means of an esophago-gastroduodenoscopy was carried out in a private hospital in 1,815 patients from the medium and upper socio-economic strata, all of them residents in Lima, Peru and showing upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms. Coloring with hematoxilin-eosin was used. RESULTS: 1,260 patients with ACG were identified: 178 with duodenal ulcer, 55 with gastric ulcer and 292 with histologically normal gastric mucose (HNGM). Prevalence of H. pylori among patients with ACG dropped from 83.3% to 58.7% (p<0.001) in males and females under 30 years old and from 31 to 50 years old (p=0.001). In patients with duodenal ulcer it decreased from 89.5% to 71.9% (p=0.004) and in those patients with gastric ulcer, from 84.8% to 77.3% (p=0.36). In patients with HNGM, prevalence remained the same (from 2.7% to 0.0%) (p=0.15). CONCLUSIONS: Between 1985 and 2002, in Lima, Peru, H. pylori prevalence in patients from the medium and upper socio-economic strata, with ACG and peptic ulcer, diminished.

Profilaxis antibiótica en cesáreas / Antibiotic prophylaxis in cesarean

Se realizó un estudio retróspectivo, longitudinal y comparativo de casos y controles para evaluar la eficacia de un regimen de cefalotina como profilaxis antibiótica en cesareas, en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia de Lima, de Abril a Noviembre de 1988. Se estudiaron 31 pacientes en el grupo que recibió profilaxis y 80 en el grupo control. Se comparó estadisticamente mediante la prueba de chi cuadrado y un valor de p menor 0.05, la ocurrencia de morbilidad infecciosa post-operatoria entre los grupos, según las siguientes variables: edad, control prenatal, paridad, fase de la labor de parto en que se realizó la cesarea, motivo de esta, experiencia del cirujano, tipo de anestesia, hematocrito post-operatorio y estancia hospitalaria post-operatoria. No se encontró diferencia estadística significativa. Las pacientes que recibieron profilaxis tuvieron una estancia post-operatoria discretamente menor que las del grupo control