The microbiome of the maxillary sinus and middle nasal meatus in chronic rhinosinusitis.

AIM: This multicenter study was focused on the identification of the microorganisms inhabiting the maxillary sinus and middle nasal meatus in chronic rhinosinusitis. METHODOLOGY: 112 middle meatus swabs and 112 maxillary sinus aspirates from 103 patients were available for culture. RESULTS: A total of 244 strains of microorganisms representing more than 50 families were identified in the maxillary sinus and middle nasal meatus (164 and 80, respectively). These included 154 (63.0%) strains of aerobic bacteria from 32 species and 90 (37.0%) strains of anaerobic bacteria from 23 species. Aerobes were more common than anaerobes in both the nasal cavity (78.7% vs. 21.3%) and in the maxillary sinus (55.2% vs. 44.8%). Species of Streptococci (28.8%) and Prevotella (17.8%) were the most common findings in the maxillary sinus aspirates. S. pneumonia, H. influenza, and S. aureus were relatively rare, and found in only 6.7%, 5.4%, and 8.9% of the samples, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained suggest that common upper airway pathogens do not play a major role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis. The microbiome of inflamed sinonasal mucosa is extremely diverse and involves exotic species of bacteria that, to date, have not been considered as potential inhabitants of the paranasal sinuses.

[The objective method for differential diagnostics of vestibular and psychogenic (phobic) dizziness].

The results of the study opening up new possibilities for differential diagnostics of vestibular and psychogenic dizziness are presented. A specially developed combined approach was used including a set of highly informative stabilometric tests for the verification of pathological changes in the vestibular analyzer, such as Romberg test with both open and closed eyes, tandem test, head turn and tilt tests. The groups of the subjected enrolled in the study were shown to possess statistically different stabilometric characteristics.

[Hearing in children of the Central Federal Region].

A cohort trial of hypoacusis was made in three districts of the Central Federal Region for three years. 11.6% of all hypoacusis and deafness were children under 14 years of age: under 1 year -- 6.3%, 1-3 years -- 9.4%, 4-7 years -- 39.8%, 8-14 years -- 44.4%. Hearing problems were detected in 4% of children under 1 year. In 1-3-year-olds hypoacusis was detected in 13.3%, in 4-7-year-olds -- in 43.2%, in 8-14-year-olds -- in 39.5%. It was established that only in 33.6% junior children hearing defects were related to ENT pathology. 30.4% of hearing lesions in children arise due to pathological pregnancy and labor, 12.5% -- after infectious diseases.

[Epidemiological aspects of hearing disorders in working population in the Central Federal District]. / Epidemiologicheskie aspekty narusheniia slukha u lits trudosposobnogo vozrasta Tsentral'nogo federal'nogo okruga.

The study was made of demographic indices, prevalence, severity and diagnostic forms of hearing disorders in working subjects living in the territory of three districts of the Central Federal Region (CFR) with a population of more than 3.5 ml. Demographic situation in the CFR is regressive, i.e. its population is decreasing. More than a half (51.8%) of all deaf and hypoacusis patients living in the territory studied were of the productive age, 68.9% were over 40 years of age. Hearing disorders were represented by neurosensory hypoacusis (48.0%), mixed forms (30.7%), conductive hypoacusis and deafness (18.7%). The studied population with hypoacusis had hearing loss of the degree I-II, III and IV in 64.6, 22.8 and 6.5% cases, respectively 6.1% were deaf.

[Chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tracts and the organ of hearing in population of the Central Federal Territory]. / Khronicheskie zabolevaniia verkhnikh dykhatel'nykh putei i organ slukha u naseleniia Tsentral'nogo federal'nogo okruga.

The analysis of the occurrence of chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tracts (URT) and the organ of hearing (OH) among population of three regions of the Central Federal Territory with a total population of more than 3.5 million people showed predominant prevalence of OH affection -- 59.0 cases per thousand population. Most common URT diseases are represented by chronic pharyngitis (22.5/1000), chronic tonsillitis (15.9/1000) and chronic rhinitis (13.2/1000). OH diseases in children account for 11.5% of chronic diseases of URT and OH, URT chronic diseases made up 79.1%. In adults it was 36,3 and 58.5%, respectively. In retired persons OH diseases were prevalent -- 67.4%.

[Comparative clinical efficacy and tolerance of cefuroxime axetil (zinnat) and ceftibuten (cedex) in patients with acute sinusitis]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka klinicheskoi éffektivnosti i perenosimosti tsefuroksim aksetila (zinnata) i tseftibutena (tsedeksa) u patsientov s ostrym sinusitom.

The aim of the study was to substantiate clinically and microbiologically administration of such oral cephalosporins as cefuroxime axetil and ceftibuten in acute sinusitis. The spectrum of causative agents of acute sinusitis was determined, most common pathogens were identified and their sensitivity to antibiotics was tested. The conclusion is made that cephalosporins of the II-III generation meet the requirements to antibacterial drugs for treatment of acute sinusitis.