Recent Progress on the Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions Pb(II) and Cu(II) from Wastewater.

With the processes of industrialization and urbanization, heavy metal ion pollution has become a thorny problem in water systems. Among the various technologies developed for the removal of heavy metal ions, the adsorption method is widely studied by researchers and various nanomaterials with good adsorption performances have been prepared during the past decades. In this paper, a variety of novel nanomaterials with excellent adsorption performances for Pb(II) and Cu(II) reported in recent years are reviewed, such as carbon-based materials, clay mineral materials, zero-valent iron and their derivatives, MOFs, nanocomposites, etc. The novel nanomaterials with extremely high adsorption capacity, selectivity and particular nanostructures are summarized and introduced, along with their advantages and disadvantages. And, some future research priorities for the treatment of wastewater are also prospected.

The Role of Oxygen Vacancies in Phase Transition and the Optical Absorption Properties within Nanocrystalline ZrO2.

Zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles were synthesized using a solvothermal method under varying synthesis conditions, namely acidic, neutral, and alkaline. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were leveraged to investigate the phase evolution and topographical features in detail. The resulting crystal phase structures and grain sizes exhibited substantial variation based on these conditions. Notably, the acidic condition fostered a monoclinic phase in ZrO2, while the alkaline condition yielded a combination of tetragonal and monoclinic phases. In contrast, ZrO2 obtained under neutral conditions demonstrated a refinement in grain sizes, constrained within a 1 nm scale upon an 800 °C thermal treatment. This was accompanied by an important transformation from a monoclinic phase to tetragonal phase in the ZrO2. Furthermore, a rigorous examination of XPS data and a UV-visible spectrometer (UV-vis) analysis revealed the significant role of oxygen vacancies in phase stabilization. The notable emergence of new energy bands in ZrO2, in stark contrast to the intrinsic bands observed in a pure monoclinic sample, are attributed to these oxygen vacancies. This research offers valuable insights into the novel energy bands, phase stability, and optical absorption properties influenced by oxygen vacancies in ZrO2. Moreover, it proposes an innovative energy level model for zirconia, underpinning its applicability in diverse technological areas.

RANKL/RANK signaling recruits Tregs via the CCL20-CCR6 pathway and promotes stemness and metastasis in colorectal cancer.

TNF receptor superfamily member 11a (TNFRSF11a, RANK) and its ligand TNF superfamily member 11 (TNFRSF11, RANKL) are overexpressed in many malignancies. However, the clinical importance of RANKL/RANK in colorectal cancer (CRC) is mainly unknown. We examined CRC samples and found that RANKL/RANK was elevated in CRC tissues compared with nearby normal tissues. A higher RANKL/RANK expression was associated with a worse survival rate. Furthermore, RANKL was mostly produced by regulatory T cells (Tregs), which were able to promote CRC advancement. Overexpression of RANK or addition of RANKL significantly increased the stemness and migration of CRC cells. Furthermore, RANKL/RANK signaling stimulated C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) production by CRC cells, leading to Treg recruitment and boosting tumor stemness and malignant progression. This recruitment process was accomplished by CCL20-CCR6 interaction, demonstrating a connection between CRC cells and immune cells. These findings suggest an important role of RANKL/RANK in CRC progression, offering a potential target for CRC prevention and therapy.

Association between nighttime sleep duration, midday napping, and sleep quality during early pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study in China.

AIM: To evaluate the prospective associations of nighttime sleep duration, midday napping, and sleep quality during early pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk among Chinese pregnant women. METHODS: Sleep-related information was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in baseline surveys during the 6-15 (mean 10.3) gestational weeks. GDM was diagnosed during 24-28 gestational weeks according to the Chinese Guidelines on Diagnosis and Management of Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy (2022). Multivariable logistic regression models with adjustments for socio-demographic and lifestyle factors were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of sleep traits with GDM risk. RESULTS: We identified 503 incident GDM cases among 6993 participants. Compared with women who slept for 7-9 hours/night in early pregnancy, those who slept <7 hours/night showed a higher risk of GDM (OR, 1.75; 95 % CI: 1.20-2.54), whereas those who slept >9 hours/night showed no significant association for GDM risk (OR, 1.01; 95 % CI: 0.78-1.30). Compared with women with absolutely no napping, those with ≤60 and > 60 min/day midday napping showed no significant association for GDM risk (OR, 0.82; 95 % CI: 0.64-1.05 for ≤60 min/day midday napping; OR, 0.87; 95 % CI: 0.66-1.15 for >60 min/day midday napping). Poor sleep quality was not associated with GDM risk compared with good quality (OR, 0.90; 95 % CI: 0.72-1.12). CONCLUSION: A short nighttime sleep duration during early pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of GDM, which was independent of midday napping, sleep quality and lifestyle factors.

Olesoxime protects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction.

BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial dysfunction is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI). Agents that ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction hold potential for AKI treatment. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of olesoxime, a novel mitochondrial-targeted agent, on cisplatin-induced AKI. METHODS: In vivo, a cisplatin-induced AKI mouse model was established by administering a single intraperitoneal dose of cisplatin (25 mg/kg) to male C57BL/6 mice for 72 hours, followed by gavage of either olesoxime or a control solution. In vitro, human proximal tubular HK2 cells were cultured and subjected to treatments with cisplatin, either in the presence or absence of olesoxime. RESULTS: In vivo, our findings demonstrated that olesoxime administration significantly mitigated the nephrotoxic effects of cisplatin in mice, as evidenced by reduced blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) levels, improved renal histopathology, and decreased expression of renal tubular injury markers such as kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Furthermore, olesoxime administration markedly reduced cisplatin-induced apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the kidneys of AKI mice. Additionally, olesoxime treatment effectively restored mitochondrial function in the kidneys of AKI mice. In vitro, our results indicated that olesoxime treatment protected against cisplatin-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured HK2 cells. Notably, cisplatin's anticancer effects were unaffected by olesoxime treatment in human cancer cells. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that olesoxime is a viable and efficient therapeutic agent in the treatment of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury presumably by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction.

Reproductive outcome after laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy using barbed sutures versus conventional smooth sutures: A retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of barbed and conventional sutures on reproductive outcomes and ovarian reserve after laparoscopic treatment for benign non-endometrioma ovarian cysts. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted at an affiliated women's hospital between May 2017 and December 2019. Patients with benign non-endometriotic ovarian cysts undergoing laparoscopic cystectomy were included. RESULTS: Patients received barbed sutures (221 patients) or conventional smooth sutures (203 patients) intraoperatively. The two groups had comparable baseline characteristics. The surgical duration and ovarian suturing time were significantly shorter in the barbed suture group than in the conventional smooth suture group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). The rate of postoperative hemoglobin decline and serum anti-Müllerian hormone decline were similar between the two groups (P > 0.05). A total of 316 (74.53%) patients experienced at least one pregnancy postoperatively: 170 (76.92%) and 146 (71.92%) patients in the barbed suture and conventional smooth suture groups, respectively (χ2 = 1.395, P = 0.238). Multivariate Poisson regression demonstrated that barbed sutures had no significant effect on the overall postoperative pregnancy rate (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 0.93-1.36; P = 0.382). CONCLUSION: In patients with benign non-endometriotic ovarian cysts undergoing laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy, barbed sutures had a reproductive outcome similar to that of conventional smooth sutures while providing higher surgical efficiency without adverse effects on the postoperative ovarian reserve. Barbed sutures are probably a viable option to conventional smooth sutures.

Association of longitudinal trajectories of general and abdominal adiposity during middle age with mental health and well-being in late life: A prospective analysis.

Single measures of adiposity markers, such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), are associated with adverse mental health outcomes; however, long-term patterns of adiposity and their health effects remain unclear. The current study assessed adiposity trajectories during a 14-year span beyond middle age and their relevance to mental well-being in late life, and the contribution of genetic and lifestyle factors to the trajectories. Based on a nationally representative sample with longitudinal anthropometric measures, adiposity trajectories were identified by latent mixture modeling, and logistic regression model was used to estimate their associations with mental well-being, with adjustment for confounders. Of the 3491 eligible participants included (mean [SD] age, 69.5 [8.9] years), five discrete BMI and four WC trajectory patterns were identified over 14 years. Compared with the low-stable BMI group (range, 22.8 to 22.9 kg/m²; representing stable healthy body weight), the high-stable group (range, 34.3 to 35.4 kg/m²; stable obese) was associated with increased risk of depression (odds ratio [OR], 1.63; 95 % CI, 1.28-2.07) and low subjective well-being (OR, 1.35; 95 % CI, 1.02-1.79). Compared with the low-stable WC group (range, 75 to 79 cm healthy WC), the high-increasing group (range, 114 to 121 cm) was associated with increased risk of depression (odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95 % CI, 1.19-2.25) and low well-being (OR, 1.48; 95 % CI, 1.01-2.16). The adiposity trajectories, especially the high-stable/increasing groups, were driven by genetic factors in a dose-response manner, whereas the high/moderate-increasing groups were also behaviorally related. This longitudinal cohort study reveals that stably high trajectory patterns of central and general adiposity during middle age were associated with higher risk of depression and low well-being in late life. The findings indicate the importance of weight management beyond middle age, such as adherence to a healthy lifestyle, in promoting mental health and well-being.

The Potential of Clostridium butyricum to Preserve Gut Health, and to Mitigate Non-AIDS Comorbidities in People Living with HIV.

A dramatic reduction in mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH) has been achieved during the modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. However, ART does not restore gut barrier function even after long-term viral suppression, allowing microbial products to enter the systemic blood circulation and induce chronic immune activation. In PLWH, a chronic state of systemic inflammation exists and persists, which increases the risk of development of inflammation-associated non-AIDS comorbidities such as metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Clostridium butyricum is a human butyrate-producing symbiont present in the gut microbiome. Convergent evidence has demonstrated favorable effects of C. butyricum for gastrointestinal health, including maintenance of the structural and functional integrity of the gut barrier, inhibition of pathogenic bacteria within the intestine, and reduction of microbial translocation. Moreover, C. butyricum supplementation has been observed to have a positive effect on various inflammation-related diseases such as diabetes, ulcerative colitis, and cancer, which are also recognized as non-AIDS comorbidities associated with epithelial gut damage. There is currently scant published research in the literature, focusing on the influence of C. butyricum in the gut of PLWH. In this hypothesis review, we speculate the use of C. butyricum as a probiotic oral supplementation may well emerge as a potential future synergistic adjunctive strategy in PLWH, in tandem with ART, to restore and consolidate intestinal barrier integrity, repair the leaky gut, prevent microbial translocation from the gut, and reduce both gut and systemic inflammation, with the ultimate objective of decreasing the risk for development of non-AIDS comorbidities in PLWH.

Enhancement of PRMT6 binding to a novel germline GATA1 mutation associated with congenital anemia.

Mutations in the master hematopoietic transcription factor GATA1 are often associated with functional defects in erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis. In this study, we identified a novel GATA1 germline mutation (c.1162delGG, p.Leu387Leufs*62) in a patient with congenital anemia and occasional thrombocytopenia. The C-terminal GATA1, a rarely studied mutational region, undergoes frameshifting translation as a consequence of this double-base deletion mutation. To investigate the specific function and pathogenic mechanism of this mutant, in vitro mutant models of stable re-expression cells were generated. The mutation was subsequently validated to cause diminished transcriptional activity of GATA1 and defective differentiation of erythroid and megakaryocytes. Using proximity labeling and mass spectrometry, we identified selective alterations in the proximal protein networks of the mutant, revealing decreased binding to a set of normal GATA1-interaction proteins, including the essential co-factor FOG1. Notably, our findings further demonstrated enhanced recruitment of the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT6, which mediates histone modification at H3R2me2a and represses transcription activity. We also found an enhanced binding of this mutant GATA1/PRMT6 complex to the transcriptional regulatory elements of GATA1's target genes. Moreover, treatment of the PRMT6 inhibitor MS023 could partially rescue the inhibited transcriptional and impaired erythroid differentiation caused by the GATA1 mutation. Taken together, our results provide molecular insights into erythropoiesis in which mutation leads to partial loss of GATA1 function and the broader role of PRMT6 and its inhibitor MS023 in congenital anemia, highlighting PRMT6 binding as a negative factor of GATA1 transcriptional activity in aberrant hematopoiesis.

Joint extraction model of entity relations based on decomposition strategy.

Named entity recognition and relation extraction are two important fundamental tasks in natural language processing. The joint entity-relationship extraction model based on parameter sharing can effectively reduce the impact of cascading errors on model performance by performing joint learning of entities and relationships in a single model, but it still cannot essentially get rid of the influence of pipeline models and suffers from entity information redundancy and inability to recognize overlapping entities. To this end, we propose a joint extraction model based on the decomposition strategy of pointer mechanism is proposed. The joint extraction task is divided into two parts. First, identify the head entity, utilizing the positive gain effect of the head entity on tail entity identification.Then, utilize a hierarchical model to improve the accuracy of the tail entity and relationship identification. Meanwhile, we introduce a pointer model to obtain the joint features of entity boundaries and relationship types to achieve boundary-aware classification. The experimental results show that the model achieves better results on both NYT and WebNLG datasets.

The inhibition of FTO attenuates the antifibrotic effect of leonurine in rat cardiac fibroblasts.

BACKGROUND: Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is a common pathological condition in cardiovascular diseases that often causes severe cardiac dysfunction. MF is characterized by changes in cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), levels of collagen (Col) -1, -3, and overdeposition of the extracellular matrix. Our previous research showed that leonurine (LE) effectively inhibits collagen synthesis and differentiation of CFs, but the mechanism is not fully elucidated. Recent evidence indicates that fat mass and obesity-associated proteins (FTO) regulates the occurrence and development of MF. This study aimed to explore the role of FTO in the antifibrotic effects of LE. METHODS: Neonatal rat CFs were isolated, and induced using angiotensin II (Ang II) to establish a cell model of MF. Cell viability, wound healing and transwell assays were used to detect cell activity and migration ability. The protein and mRNA levels of MF-related factors were measured following stimulation with Ang II and LE under normal conditions or after FTO knockdown. The RNA methylation level was measured by dot blot assay. RESULTS: The results showed that LE (20, 40 µM) was not toxic to normal CFs. LE reduced the proliferation, migration and collagen synthesis of Ang II-induced CFs. Further investigation showed that FTO was downregulated by Ang II stimulation, whereas LE reversed this effect. FTO knockdown facilitated the migration of CFs, upregulated the protein levels of Col-3, α-SMA and Col-1 in Ang II and LE-stimulated CFs, and enhanced the fluorescence intensity of α-SMA. Furthermore, LE reduced N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation, which was partially blocked by FTO knockdown. FTO knockdown also reduced the expression levels of p53 protein in Ang II and LE-stimulated CFs. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the inhibition of FTO may attenuate the antifibrotic effect of LE in CFs, suggesting that FTO may serve as a key protein for anti-MF of LE.

The mediating role of health literacy between the presence of chronic disease and psychological distress among older persons in Xi'an city of China.

BACKGROUND: The increased number of older persons in China, and the prevalence of most chronic diseases raised with age significantly increased the total disease burden. When a person ages, psychological distress happens when they are faced with stressors that they cannot cope with. Psychological distress refers to non-specific symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Health literacy influences several health outcomes, such as emotional functioning among the population. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the mediator role of health literacy between the presence of chronic disease and psychological distress among older persons living in Xi'an city. Thus, this study used the Cognitive Behavior Theory (CBT) as a combination of the basic behavioral and cognitive psychology principles to explain the cognitive processes associated with psychological distress. METHODS: This study employs a quantitative research design using a cross-sectional survey of 300 older persons over 60 years living in the six urban districts of Xi'an city. Data were collected using the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). This study employed descriptive statistics and inferential methods to analyze the data. The inferential methods applied structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypothesis of the mediator role of health literacy between the presence of chronic disease and psychological distress. RESULTS: In this study, chronic disease had an effect on health literacy among older persons living in Xi'an city (ß=-0.047, p < 0.01); chronic disease impact on psychological distress among older persons living in Xi'an city (ß = 0.047, p < 0.01); health literacy was identified effect on psychological distress among older persons in Xi'an city (ß=-0.738, p < 0.001); health literacy as a partial mediator between chronic disease and psychological distress (ß = 0.07, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Psychological distress among older persons is affected by chronic disease and health literacy. Health literacy had a partial mediating effect on the presence of chronic disease and psychological distress. Improved health literacy measures should be considered when treating older persons with psychological distress.

Metal-organic framework boosts heterogeneous electron donor-acceptor catalysis.

Metal-organic framework (MOF) is a class of porous materials providing an excellent platform for engineering heterogeneous catalysis. We herein report the design of MOF Zr-PZDB consisting of Zr6-clusters and PZDB (PZDB = 4,4'-(phenazine-5,10-diyl)dibenzoate) linkers, which served as the heterogeneous donor catalyst for enhanced electron donor-acceptor (EDA) photoactivation. The high local concentration of dihydrophenazine active centers in Zr-PZDB can promote the EDA interaction, therefore resulting in superior catalytic performance over homogeneous counterparts. The crowded environment of Zr-PZDB can protect the dihydrophenazine active center from being attacked by radical species. Zr-PZDB efficiently catalyzes the Minisci-type reaction of N-heterocycles with a series of C-H coupling partners, including ethers, alcohols, non-activated alkanes, amides, and aldehydes. Zr-PZDB also enables the coupling reaction of aryl sulfonium salts with heterocycles. The catalytic activity of Zr-PZDB extends to late-stage functionalization of bioactive and drug molecules, including Nikethamide, Admiral, and Myristyl Nicotinate. Systematical spectroscopy study and analysis support the EDA interaction between Zr-PZDB and pyridinium salt or aryl sulfonium salt, respectively. Photoactivation of the MOF-based EDA adduct triggers an intra-complex single electron transfer from donor to acceptor, giving open-shell radical species for cross-coupling reactions. This research represents the first example of MOF-enabled heterogeneous EDA photoactivation.

A Note on Improving Variational Estimation for Multidimensional Item Response Theory.

Survey instruments and assessments are frequently used in many domains of social science. When the constructs that these assessments try to measure become multifaceted, multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) provides a unified framework and convenient statistical tool for item analysis, calibration, and scoring. However, the computational challenge of estimating MIRT models prohibits its wide use because many of the extant methods can hardly provide results in a realistic time frame when the number of dimensions, sample size, and test length are large. Instead, variational estimation methods, such as Gaussian variational expectation-maximization (GVEM) algorithm, have been recently proposed to solve the estimation challenge by providing a fast and accurate solution. However, results have shown that variational estimation methods may produce some bias on discrimination parameters during confirmatory model estimation, and this note proposes an importance-weighted version of GVEM (i.e., IW-GVEM) to correct for such bias under MIRT models. We also use the adaptive moment estimation method to update the learning rate for gradient descent automatically. Our simulations show that IW-GVEM can effectively correct bias with modest increase of computation time, compared with GVEM. The proposed method may also shed light on improving the variational estimation for other psychometrics models.

The role of pyroptosis in incomplete immune reconstitution among people living with HIV：Potential therapeutic targets.

Globally, HIV infection causes significant morbidity and mortality, and is a major public health problem. Despite the fact that widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has substantially altered the natural history of HIV infection from originally being a universally lethal disease to now being a chronic medical condition for those taking appropriate treatment, approximately 10-40% of people living with HIV (PLWH) who take effective ART and maintain long-term viral suppression fail to achieve normalization of CD4 + T-cell counts. This phenomenon is referred to as incomplete immune reconstitution or immunological non-response. Although the precise mechanisms underlying this outcome have not been elucidated, recent evidence indicates that excessive pyroptosis may play a crucial role in the development of incomplete immune reconstitution. Pyroptosis is characterized by the formation of pores in the cell membrane, cell rupture, and secretion of intracellular contents and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1ß and IL-18. This excessive inflammation-induced programmed cell death leads to a massive loss of CD4 + T-cells, and inflammatory consequences that may promote and sustain incomplete immune reconstitution. Herein, we review the possible pathways activated in HIV infection by inflammasomes that act as switches of pyroptosis, and the role of pyroptosis in HIV, as well as the relevance of CD4 + T-cells in incomplete immune reconstitution. We also highlight the possible mechanisms of pyroptosis involved in incomplete immune reconstitution, thus paving the way for the development of potential targets for the treatment of incomplete immune reconstitution.

The Influence of Oral Terbinafine on Gut Fungal Microbiome Composition and Microbial Translocation in People Living with HIV Treated for Onychomycosis.

People living with HIV (PLWH) display altered gut epithelium that allows for the translocation of microbial products, contributing to systemic immune activation. Although there are numerous studies which examine the gut bacterial microbiome in PLWH, few studies describing the fungal microbiome, or the mycobiome, have been reported. Like the gut bacterial microbiome, the fungal microbiome and its by-products play a role in maintaining the body's homeostasis and modulating immune function. We conducted a prospective study to assess the effects of oral terbinafine, an antifungal agent widely used against onychomycosis, on gut permeability and microbiome composition in ART-treated PLWH (trial registration: ChiCTR2100043617). Twenty participants completed all follow-up visits. During terbinafine treatment, the levels of the intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) significantly increased, and the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) significantly decreased, from baseline to week 12. Both markers subsequently returned to pre-treatment levels after terbinafine discontinuation. After terbinafine treatment, the abundance of fungi decreased significantly, while the abundance of the bacteria did not change. After terbinafine discontinuation, the abundance of fungi returned to the levels observed pre-treatment. Moreover, terbinafine treatment induced only minor changes in the composition of the gut bacterial and fungal microbiome. In summary, oral terbinafine decreases fungal microbiome abundance while only slightly influencing gut permeability and microbial translocation in ART-treated PLWH. This study's findings should be validated in larger and more diverse studies of ART-treated PLWH; our estimates of effect size can be used to inform optimal sample sizes for future studies.

TRPV1 inhibition suppresses non-small cell lung cancer progression by inhibiting tumour growth and enhancing the immune response.

PURPOSE: TRPV1 is a nonselective Ca2+ channel protein that is widely expressed and plays an important role during the occurrence and development of many cancers. Activation of TRPV1 channels can affect tumour progression by regulating proliferation, apoptosis and migration. Some studies have also shown that activating TRPV1 can affect tumour progression by modulating tumour immunity. However, the effects of TRPV1 on the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not been explored clearly. METHOD: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and spatial transcriptomics datasets from 10 × Genomics were used to analyze TRPV1 expression in various tumour tissues. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined by cell counting kit 8 (CCK8), colony formation, and flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry, qPCR, and western blotting were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of TRPV1 and other related molecules. Tumour xenografts in BALB/C and C57BL/6J mice were used to determine the effects of TRPV1 on NSCLC development in vivo. Neurotransmitter content was examined by LC-MS/MS, ELISA and Immunohistochemistry. Immune cell infiltration was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: In this study, we found that TRPV1 expression was significantly upregulated in NSCLC and that patients with high TRPV1 expression had a poor prognosis. TRPV1 knockdown can significantly inhibit NSCLC proliferation and induce cell apoptosis through Ca2+-IGF1R signaling. In addition, TRPV1 knockdown resulted in increased infiltration of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, GZMB+CD8+ T cells and DCs and decreased infiltration of immunosuppressive MDSCs in NSCLC. In addition, TRPV1 knockout effectively decreased the expression of M2 macrophage markers CD163 and increased the expression of M1-associated, costimulatory markers CD86. Knockdown or knockout of TRPV1 significantly inhibit tumour growth and promoted an antitumour immune response through supressing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) secretion in NSCLC. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that TRPV1 acts as a tumour promoter in NSCLC, mediating pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects on NSCLC through IGF1R signaling and regulating GABA release to affect the tumour immune response.

A method framework of automatic localization and quantitative segmentation for the cavum septum pellucidum complex and the cerebellar vermis in fetal brain ultrasound images.

Background: Early detection of central nervous system (CNS) anomalies in human embryos through prenatal screening is crucial for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes. Fetal brain mid-sagittal ultrasound images (FBMUIs) play a pivotal role as a diagnostic tool for detecting structural abnormalities. However, the automatic localization and quantitative segmentation of complex anatomical structures such as the corpus callosum-cavum septum pellucidum complex (CCC) and cerebellar vermis (CV) in FBMUIs present significant challenges. Methods: To address this issue, we propose an integrated framework that combines anatomical knowledge with computer vision techniques. Our framework comprises four steps: (I) generation of average templates for CCC and CV local images using a variational autoencoder (VAE); (II) localizing the CCC by using the "Initial Localization-Accurate Localization-Result Detection" strategy, followed by segmenting it based on morphological characteristics using the "Initial Contour Fitting-Contour Iteration" strategy; (III) applying a similar strategy as CCC localization and CV segmentation; and (IV) leveraging spatial and morphological characteristics to achieve accurate localization and segmentation. Results: Our CCC and CV localization and segmentation methods were validated by using 140 FBMUIs from various perspectives. The accuracy and effectiveness of our approach were demonstrated through data statistics and comparative analysis. Currently, clinical trials are being conducted on our method at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University. Conclusions: Our proposed integrated framework presents a novel solution for the automatic localization and quantitative segmentation of the CCC and CV in FBMUIs. It shows promise for early diagnosis of CNS anomalies in human embryos, offering significant clinical implications.

GRAPE: A multi-modal dataset of longitudinal follow-up visual field and fundus images for glaucoma management.

As one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide, glaucoma is characterized by structural damage and functional loss. Glaucoma patients often have a long follow-up and prognosis prediction is an important part in treatment. However, existing public glaucoma datasets are almost cross-sectional, concentrating on segmentation on optic disc (OD) and glaucoma diagnosis. With the development of artificial intelligence (AI), the deep learning model can already provide accurate prediction of future visual field (VF) and its progression with the support of longitudinal datasets. Here, we proposed a public longitudinal glaucoma real-world appraisal progression ensemble (GRAPE) dataset. The GRAPE dataset contains 1115 follow-up records from 263 eyes, with VFs, fundus images, OCT measurements and clinical information, and OD segmentation and VF progression are annotated. Two baseline models demonstrated the feasibility in prediction of VF and its progression. This dataset will advance AI research in glaucoma management.

DIF Statistical Inference Without Knowing Anchoring Items.

Establishing the invariance property of an instrument (e.g., a questionnaire or test) is a key step for establishing its measurement validity. Measurement invariance is typically assessed by differential item functioning (DIF) analysis, i.e., detecting DIF items whose response distribution depends not only on the latent trait measured by the instrument but also on the group membership. DIF analysis is confounded by the group difference in the latent trait distributions. Many DIF analyses require knowing several anchor items that are DIF-free in order to draw inferences on whether each of the rest is a DIF item, where the anchor items are used to identify the latent trait distributions. When no prior information on anchor items is available, or some anchor items are misspecified, item purification methods and regularized estimation methods can be used. The former iteratively purifies the anchor set by a stepwise model selection procedure, and the latter selects the DIF-free items by a LASSO-type regularization approach. Unfortunately, unlike the methods based on a correctly specified anchor set, these methods are not guaranteed to provide valid statistical inference (e.g., confidence intervals and p-values). In this paper, we propose a new method for DIF analysis under a multiple indicators and multiple causes (MIMIC) model for DIF. This method adopts a minimal [Formula: see text] norm condition for identifying the latent trait distributions. Without requiring prior knowledge about an anchor set, it can accurately estimate the DIF effects of individual items and further draw valid statistical inferences for quantifying the uncertainty. Specifically, the inference results allow us to control the type-I error for DIF detection, which may not be possible with item purification and regularized estimation methods. We conduct simulation studies to evaluate the performance of the proposed method and compare it with the anchor-set-based likelihood ratio test approach and the LASSO approach. The proposed method is applied to analysing the three personality scales of the Eysenck personality questionnaire-revised (EPQ-R).