[Contribution of medical imaging to visceral manifestations of sickle cell anemia in the child]. / Apport de l'imagerie médicale dans les manifestations viscérales de la drépanocytose chez l'enfant.

UNLABELLED: Sickle cell anemia is one of the qualitative hemoglobinopathies which are the most widespread in the world. In a retrospective study on 11 drepanocytary patients (10 SS and 1 SC) observed at the BORDEAUX children's hospital. 3 Processus were identified: Hemolysis: 3 hepatomegaly, 3 splenomegaly, 1 hematochromatosis and 4 pigmentary lithiasis; Thrombosis: 1 infarctus case of spleen, kidney, lung, 1 papillary necrosis and 1 brain vascular ischemic appearance; INFECTION: 1 spleen abscess and 1 pneumopathy. In 15% of instances, visceral appearances are allowed to discoverer sickle cell anemia. Hemolysis type appearances were currently observed (63.6%) like pigmentary lithiasis and hepatomegaly. The authors analyze the major radiological appearances of this hemoglobinopathy and recall the interest in knowing this disease even in low endemicity countries.

[Contribution of medical imaging in osteoarticular manifestations of sickle cell anemia in the child]. / Apport de l'imagerie médicale dans les manifestations ostéo-articulaires de la drépanocytose chez l'enfant.

Drepanocytosis is one of the qualitative hemoglobinopathies which are the most widespread in the word. In a retrospective study on 16 drepanocytary patients observed at the Bordeaux Children's hospital, 7 patients showed medullar hyperplasia, 10 patients showed vaso-occlusive, and 4 patients showed infections. Medullar hyperplasia: bone demineralisation was the current appearance (47%), cortical thinning down (40.5%). They touch long bone. Thrombosis: bone demineralisation was the current appearance (86.3%) and touch long bone, 1 first appearance right femoral head infarct. Some particular appearances we found. 2 cases of "hand foot syndrome", 1 case ischemic aseptic arthritis and 1 case of vertebra "step staircase". Three salmonella pandiaphysite and 1 tuberculosis spondylodiscite were observed. The authors analyse the major radiological appearances of this hemoglobinopathy and recall the interest in knowing this disease even in low endemicity countries.

[Small-bowel duplication, apropos of a case in a child]. / Duplication du grèle (à propos d'un cas chez l'enfant).

A pediatric case of small bowel duplication is reported. Non-specific abdominal pain was the main complain. A fixed hypogastric mass was found. Abdominal palpation under general anesthesia disclosed a movable intraperitoneal mass which proved at laparotomy to be a cystic duplication of the small bowel. The cyst was excised according to Norris procedure. Recovery was uneventful. Complications and therapeutic aspects of this rare condition are discussed.

[Non-traumatic circumscribed myositis ossificans. Apropos of a bilateral localization]. / La myosite ossifiante circonscrite non traumatique. A propos d'une localisation bilatérale.

The authors report one case of a bilateral atraumatic circumscribed myositis ossificans (C.M.O.) developed from the triceps muscles with major equinism, in a 15 years old girl. One side presented a current tumor, the other was seen at the first episode. The authors obtained a good functional result after surgical treatment and advocate this treatment.

[Cervical teratomas in the child (apropos of 8 cases)]. / Tératomes cervicaux chez l'enfant (à propos de 8 cas).

Eight cases of cervical teratomas in children are reported including 4 boys and 4 girls. Six patients presented within the first 10 days of life. The tumor was congenital in 7 cases. In 3 neonates it produced severe respiratory distress. Neural and chondral tissues were predominant but all three germ layers were represented. All patients were operated upon, with a 2/8 mortality. The main clinical and histopathological features of these rare tumors are reviewed. Early total surgical removal is the cornerstone of treatment.

Epidemiologie et prise en charge therapeutique des goitres en milieu hospitalier a Ouagadougou

L'augmentation de volume du corps thyroide constitue un motif frequent de consultation au Burkina Faso. Cette etude porte sur 170 cas de goitres colliges en consultation de medecine interne a l'Hopital National de Ouagadougou et se propose d'apprecier les aspects epidemiologiques; cliniques; etiologiques et therapeutiques des goitres en milieu hospitalier dans une zone d'endemie. Dans cette etude; il ressort que les goitres sont surtout frequents dans le sexe feminin; de volume modere a eleve; et diffus et/ou nodulaires. Il s'agit de goitres anciens evoluant dans 75 pour cent des cas depuis plus de 1 an. 75 pour cent de ces goitres sont normofonctionnels et lorsqu'ils sont diffus; homogenes et jeunes; ils repondent bien au traitement medical avec une egale efficacite en utilisant l'iode (par voie voie orale ou en solution injectable) ou les hormones thyroidiennes a visee frenatrice. Les goitres nodulaires (nodule unique ou multiple) repondent mal a ce traitement; necessitant le recours a la chirurgie. Les resultats de ce traitement chirurgical sont bons mais il necessite le recours a une hormotherapie substitutive souvent definitive lorsque la resection a ete large (thyroidectomie totale ou subtotale). Le cancer thyroidien; a craindre devant les goitres anciens et devant tout nodule thyroidien froid a ete rarement observe (2 cas). Cependant la gravite de son evolution doit rendre systematique sa recherche devant tout goitre ou nodule suspect. L'importance de la carence en iode dans notre milieu exige un traitement preventif intensif en amont par l'administration d'iode

Neonatal mid-upper-arm circumference is a valid proxy for birth-weight.

A survey was carried out on a consecutive sample of 973 newborn babies representative for the city of Ouagadougou to assess the validity of neonatal mid-upper-arm-circumference (MUAC) as an indicator of birth-weight. The optimal cut-off point of neonatal MUAC to differentiate between low (less than 2500 g) and normal (greater than or equal to 2500 g) birth-weight babies was 9.5 cm. High values for sensitivity (91%) and specificity (83%) indicate an excellent validity. A newborn with a MUAC of less than 9.5 cm runs a 23 fold risk of being of low birth-weight (relative risk). The advantages of this simple, locally available and inexpensive indicator, which can be used by trained traditional birth attendants (TBA) and by the mothers themselves as a substitute for birth-weight, are discussed.

[The azygos or vertebro-parietal venous anastomotic system]. / Le systeme azygos ou systeme veineux anastomotique vertebro-parietal

This experimental work, realized on a group of 25 monkeys, aims at determining the correct circulatory direction in rachis veins and the importance of the vertebral veinous circulation in the general return circulation. Radiophysiological tests defined the azygopetal direction of the vertebral circulation, the role of the intercavous shunt of this circulation with or without obstacle, and the possibility, under certain conditions, for pelvic blood to accede to cranial sinuses. Physiopathological tests (with iode 131 and BSP) contributed to prove that vertebral veinous circulation drains 5 to 10% of lower extremity, pelvic and sus-mesocolic visceral and cranial contents circulation.

[Vascular topography of the dorsolumbar spine in the African Black (105 cases)]. / Topographie vasculaire de la charnière dorso-lombaire chez le noir africain (105 cas)

105 black african subjects were studied by plastic radio-opaque medium or anatomical dissection of the vessels in the dorso-lumbar spine. Numerous topographic variation were analyzed for pre, retro and intravertebral arteries and veins before. The results of this study are profitable to a secure surgery of the spine by the forward way. The best position for ligature is determined to avoid dangerous positions near anterior vertebral foramens and to preserve medullary circulation.