RESUMO
Between May and June 2001, efficacy of chloroquine was assessed in 5 sentinel sites in the 3 Comoro islands. Among the 183 children, age range between 6 and 59 months, followed up for 14 days, clinical failure rates ranged between 31.2 and 73.1% and the total failure rate (clinical and parasitological) between 50 and 88.5%. Failures were mainly early treatment failures. The Ministry of health, during a consensus meeting decided to change the first line drug and to gather baseline information on the efficacy and the tolerance of the combination artemether-lumefantrine. Between June and September 2004, among the 164 children, age range between 6 and 59 months included, the success rate of the combination was 99.4% in the 3 sites with a follow-up of 28 days. No serious drug related adverse event was reported.
Assuntos
Antimaláricos/uso terapêutico , Artemisininas/uso terapêutico , Cloroquina/uso terapêutico , Resistência a Medicamentos , Etanolaminas/uso terapêutico , Fluorenos/uso terapêutico , Política de Saúde , Malária Falciparum/tratamento farmacológico , Plasmodium falciparum/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antimaláricos/administração & dosagem , Antimaláricos/farmacologia , Artemeter , Artemisininas/administração & dosagem , Artemisininas/farmacologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cloroquina/administração & dosagem , Cloroquina/farmacologia , Protocolos Clínicos , Comores/epidemiologia , Conferências de Consenso como Assunto , Combinação de Medicamentos , Etanolaminas/administração & dosagem , Etanolaminas/farmacologia , Feminino , Fluorenos/administração & dosagem , Fluorenos/farmacologia , Genótipo , Política de Saúde/tendências , Humanos , Lactente , Lumefantrina , Malária Falciparum/epidemiologia , Malária Falciparum/parasitologia , Malária Falciparum/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Plasmodium falciparum/genética , Plasmodium falciparum/isolamento & purificação , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Administração em Saúde Pública , Recidiva , Organização Mundial da SaúdeRESUMO
Since 1991 AIDS and HIV infection in the Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros have been monitored through a network of sentinel sites including predetermined target populations. In all cases seropositivity for HIV was confirmed by western blotting after two ELISA screening tests. AIDS was diagnosed on Bangui clinical criteria and positive western blotting results. As of June 30, 1996, the cumulative number of AIDS cases reported to the World Health Organization was 7 for a prevalence of 1.4 per 100000 inhabitants. The prevalence of HIV antibodies has remained at less than 1% in target populations, i.e. women undergoing prenatal examinations, patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis, blood donors, and patients presenting sexually transmitted diseases (STD). This low stable prevalence rate which is similar to those reported in other Indian Ocean countries is in sharp contrast with the high incidence of syphilis and STD in the region.