Intraventricular hemorrhage as complication after spinal surgery. Case report.

Remote intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a rare but dreaded complication after spinal surgery. The physiopathology of this phenomenon is closely related to a loss of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after an incidental durotomy during spine surgery. The most common remote ICH location is cerebellar, but few articles report intraventricular hemorrhage. Its clinic is associated with cerebral hypotension due to decreased CSF, mainly headache, dysarthria, hemiparesis, an impaired level of awareness and seizures. The diagnosis of remote ICH after a non-cranial surgery can be a challenge to anesthesiologists, this pathology should be suspected face an immediate neurological deterioration after anesthetic awakening. Non-specific symptoms make it difficult to identify the origin of intracranial hemorrhagic from other differential diagnoses. We present a patient with an impaired level of awareness and seizures who suffered a hemorrhage in the right ventricle with cerebral and cerebellar edema in the immediate postoperative period after spinal surgery.

Hemorragia intraventricular como complicación tras una cirugía espinal. Caso clínico / Intraventricular hemorrhage as complication after spinal surgery. Case report

La hemorragia intracraneal (HIC) remota es una rara pero temida complicación tras la cirugía espinal. La fisiopatología de este fenómeno se relaciona estrechamente con la pérdida de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) tras una lesión dural incidental durante la cirugía espinal. La localización de la HIC remota más frecuente es la cerebelar, existiendo pocos casos publicados de hemorragia intraventricular. Su clínica está asociada a la hipotensión cerebral por disminución de LCR, destacando la cefalea, la disartria, la hemiparesia, el deterioro del nivel de conciencia y las convulsiones.El diagnóstico de una HIC remota tras una cirugía no craneal puede ser un reto para los anestesiólogos; esta enfermedad debería sospecharse ante un deterioro neurológico inmediato al despertar anestésico. La sintomatología inespecífica dificultará identificar el origen hemorrágico intracraneal frente a otros diagnósticos diferenciales.Exponemos el caso de un paciente con disminución del nivel de conciencia y convulsión que presentó una hemorragia intraventricular derecha con edema cerebral y cerebeloso en el postoperatorio inmediato de una cirugía espinal.(AU)

Remote intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a rare but dreaded complication after spinal surgery. The physiopathology of this phenomenon is closely related to a loss of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after an incidental durotomy during spine surgery. The most common remote ICH location is cerebellar, but few articles report intraventricular hemorrhage. Its clinic is associated with cerebral hypotension due to decreased CSF, mainly headache, dysarthria, hemiparesis, an impaired level of awareness and seizures.The diagnosis of remote ICH after a non-cranial surgery can be a challenge to anesthesiologists, this pathology should be suspected face an immediate neurological deterioration after anesthetic awakening. Non-specific symptoms make it difficult to identify the origin of intracranial hemorrhagic from other differential diagnoses.We present a patient with an impaired level of awareness and seizures who suffered a hemorrhage in the right ventricle with cerebral and cerebellar edema in the immediate postoperative period after spinal surgery.(AU)

Intraventricular hemorrhage as complication after spinal surgery. Case report. / Hemorragia intraventricular como complicación tras una cirugía espinal. Caso clínico.

Remote intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a rare but dreaded complication after spinal surgery. The physiopathology of this phenomenon is closely related to a loss of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after an incidental durotomy during spine surgery. The most common remote ICH location is cerebellar, but few articles report intraventricular hemorrhage. Its clinic is associated with cerebral hypotension due to decreased CSF, mainly headache, dysarthria, hemiparesis, an impaired level of awareness and seizures. The diagnosis of remote ICH after a non-cranial surgery can be a challenge to anesthesiologists, this pathology should be suspected face an immediate neurological deterioration after anesthetic awakening. Non-specific symptoms make it difficult to identify the origin of intracranial hemorrhagic from other differential diagnoses. We present a patient with an impaired level of awareness and seizures who suffered a hemorrhage in the right ventricle with cerebral and cerebellar edema in the immediate postoperative period after spinal surgery.

Detección precoz de episodios de hipomanía en pacientes con trastorno afectivo / Early detection of hypomania episodes in patients with affective disorder

El trastorno bipolar (TBP) es una de las causas más importantes de discapacidad en el mundo. Estudios epidemiológicos sugieren que este trastorno podría estar infradiagnosticado debido a la dificultad de detección de episodios de hipomanía. La detección de episodios de hipomanía, tanto actuales como pasados, permitiría el diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados de este trastorno. La Lista de Valoración de Hipomanía (HCL-32) es un cuestionario validado al español diseñado para la detección de episodios de hipomanía, pasados y presentes. Se seleccionan 128 sujetos mayores de 18 años diagnosticados de trastorno bipolar tipo i (TBP-I) (n=30), trastorno bipolar tipo ii (TBP-II) (n=1), depresión unipolar (DM)(n=57), trastornos de ansiedad (TA) (n=15) y un grupo control (C)(n=25) de acuerdo con los criterios diagnósticos del Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales, cuarta edición, texto revisado, (DSM-IVTR). El cribado de episodios de hipomanía se realiza mediante la aplicación de la escala HCL-32. El área bajo la curva ROC=0,65 IC95% (0,55-0,75). El punto de corte de la HCL-32 elegido es el 15. Los valores de sensibilidad (S), especificidad (E), valores predictivos positivo (VPP) y negativo (VPN) y prevalencia de episodios de hipomanía en los pacientes del grupo de depresión (P) para el punto de corte 15 son: S=71,4%, IC95%(57,8, 85,1), E=45,8%, IC95%(34,5-57,1), VPP= 43,75%, IC95%(32,25-55,25), VPN:73,08%, IC95%(60,06-86,09) y P=67,2%. La HCL-32 constituye un instrumento de cribado muy sensible, aunque poco específico. Esto explicaría, en parte, la elevada proporción de episodios de hipomanía que detectamos en nuestra muestra. A diferencia de estudios previos, nuestra muestra es heterogénea (procede de diferentes ámbitos) y a nivel clínico es más grave e inestable. Futuras investigaciones deberían desarrollar instrumentos de medición de episodios de hipomanía más específicos y con mayor validez externa(AU)

Bipolar disorder (BP) is one of the major causes of disability in the world. Epidemiological studies suggest that this disorder could be under-diagnosed owing to the difficulty in detecting hypomania episodes. The detection of present and past episodes of hypomania could help in the diagnosis and appropriate treatment of this disorder. The Hypomania Check List (HCL-32) is a questionnaire validated into Spanish and designed to detect past and present hypomania episodes in the psychiatric patient population. A total of 128 patients over 18 years old and diagnosed with type I bipolar (BP-I) disorder (n=1), type II bipolar (BP-II) disorder (n=30), major depression (MD) (n=57), anxiety disorders (AD) (n=15) were selected, along with a control group (C) (n=25). The patients were diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IVTR). Screening for hypomania episodes was carried out by applying the HCL-32 scale. The area under the ROC curve was 0.65 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.55-0.75. The chosen cut-off point of the HCL-32 was 15. The values for the sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV), and the prevalence (P) of hypomania episodes in the patients of the UP depression, for a cut-off point of 15 were: Se =71.4%, 95% CI; 57.8, 85.1, Sp =45.8%, 95% CI; 34.5-57.1, PPV=43.75%, 95% CI; 32.25-55.25), NPV:73.08%, 95% CI; 60.06-86.09) and P=67.2%. The HCL-32 is a very sensitive, but not very specific, screening tool. This could partly explain the high proportion of hypomania episodes detected in our sample. Unlike previous studies, our sample is heterogeneous (from different environments) and at a more severe and unstable clinical level. Future research should develop more specific measuring tools, and with greater external validation, for hypomania episodes(AU)

Embolismo de líquido amniótico durante el parto / Amniotic fluid embolism during delivery

El embolismo de líquido amniótico (ELA) es un cuadro extremadamente grave e infrecuente. Su pronóstico es fatal, tanto para la madre como para el feto. Incluso en los países desarrollados, donde se ha logrado disminuir la morbimortalidad de múltiples afecciones del embarazo, como la preeclampsia, continúa teniendo unas consecuencias devastadoras. A ello contribuye el desconocimiento que existe aún respecto a su fisiopatología, lo cual redunda en una mayor dificultad para su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Hoy día, el diagnóstico del ELA continúa siendo clínico y un diagnóstico de exclusión y, en muchas ocasiones, se hace tras la necropsia (AU)

Amniotic fluid embolism is an extremely serious and infrequent syndrome. Prognosis is fatal for the pregnant woman and the fetus. Even in developed countries, where morbidity and mortality from many disorders of pregnancy, such as preeclampsia, has decreased, amniotic fluid embolism still has catastrophic consequences. The pathogenesis of this syndrome remains unclear, increasing the difficulty of diagnosis and treatment. Currently, diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism continues to be clinical and made on the basis of exclusion. On many occasions, diagnosis is made at autopsy (AU)