Subcutaneous lysophosphatidylcholine administration promotes a febrile and immune response in Holstein heifer calves.

Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is immunomodulatory in nonruminants; however, the actions of LPC on immunity in cattle are undefined. Our objective was to study the effects of LPC administration on measures of immunity, liver health, and growth in calves. Healthy Holstein heifer calves (n = 46; age 7 ± 3 d) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments (n = 10 to 11 calves/treatment): a milk replacer diet unsupplemented with lecithin in the absence (CON) or presence of subcutaneously (s.c.) administered mixed (mLPC; 69% LPC-16:0, 25% LPC-18:0, 6% other) or pure LPC (pLPC; 99% LPC-18:0), or a milk replacer diet supplemented with 3% lecithin enriched in lysophospholipids containing LPC in the absence of s.c.-administered LPC (LYSO) for 5 wk. Calves received 5 s.c. injections of vehicle (10 mL of phosphate-buffered saline containing 20 mg of bovine serum albumin/mL; CON and LYSO) or vehicle containing mLPC or pLPC to provide 10 mg of total LPC per kilogram of BW per injection every 12 h during wk 2 of life. Calves were fed a milk replacer containing 27% crude protein and 24% fat at 1.75% of BW per day (dry matter basis) until wk 6 of life (start of weaning). Starter grain and water were provided ad libitum. Body measurements were recorded weekly, and clinical observations were recorded daily. Blood samples were collected weekly before morning feeding and at 0, 5, and 10 h, relative to the final s.c. injection of vehicle or LPC. Data were analyzed using a mixed model, with repeated measures including fixed effects of treatment, time, and their interaction. Dunnett's test was used to compare treatments to CON. Peak rectal temperatures were higher in mLPC or pLPC, relative to CON. Plasma LPC concentrations were greater in mLPC and LYSO calves 5 h and 10 h after the final injection, relative to CON. Calves receiving mLPC and pLPC also had higher circulating serum amyloid A concentrations, relative to CON. Calves receiving mLPC had greater serum aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltransferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase concentrations, relative to CON. Calves provided mLPC experienced lower average daily gain (ADG) after weaning, relative to CON. The LYSO treatment did not modify rectal temperatures, ADG, or measures of liver health, relative to CON. We conclude that LPC administered as s.c. injections induced an acute febrile response, modified measures of liver and immune function, and impaired growth in calves.

ABS-SMART (Aortic Balloon Supporting for Superior Mesenteric Artery Recanalization Technique): A New Technical Option for Recanalization of Complete Superior Mesenteric Artery Occlusion in Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia.

OBJECTIVE: To report our experience with a new technique for recanalization of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA)/celiac trunk (CT) with complete occlusion at the origin. TECHNIQUE: We describe our ABS-SMART (Aortic Balloon Supporting for Superior Mesenteric Artery Recanalization Technique) for recanalization of the CT and SMA in cases of complete occlusion of these arteries with a short or inexistent stump, which usually corresponds to chronic lesions with important calcification of the ostium. CONCLUSION: The ABS-SMART is an alternative for the recanalization of visceral arteries in cases where other conventional techniques have failed. It is particularly useful in scenarios characterized by a short occlusion at the origin of the target vessel, with no entry stump or severe calcification at the origin. CLINICAL IMPACT: Catheterization and recanalization of visceral stenoses may pose a challenge in some cases, as for example in the presence of a very narrow angle between the root or origin of the vessel and the aorta, as well as in the case of long and calcified stenoses, or when arteriography is unable to visualize the origin of the vessel. The present study describes our experience with the endovascular revascularization of visceral vessels using an aortic balloon-supported recanalization technique not previously described in the literature, that may be an effective alternative for the treatment of lesions of difficult access, such as total occlusion at the origin of the target vessel, with no entry stump or severe calcification at the origin of the SMA and CT, by improving the chances for technical success.

Impacts of feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on productive performance, and metabolic and immunological responses during a feed-restriction challenge of mid-lactation dairy cows.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products are commonly used in dairy cattle ration to improve production efficiency and health. However, whether these benefits will persist during feed-restriction-induced negative energy balance is unknown. The objective of this experiment was to examine the effect of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (NT, NutriTek, Diamond V) on performance, metabolic, inflammatory, and immunological responses to a feed-restriction challenge in mid-lactation dairy cows. Sixty Holstein cows were blocked by parity, days in milk, and milk yield and then randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 supplements: NT or placebo (CTL). The supplements were mixed in total mixed ration before feeding at a rate of 19 g/d per cow. The production phase of the experiment lasted 12 wk. Intake and milk yield were recorded daily, and milk composition was measured weekly. After the production trial, a subset of cows (NT: n = 16; CTL: n = 16) were immediately enrolled in a 5-d feed-restriction challenge with 40% ad libitum intake followed by a 5-d realimentation. Milk yield and composition were measured at each milking from d -2 to 10 relative to feed restriction. Blood samples were collected on d -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 relative to the initiation of feed restriction to measure circulating metabolites, insulin, cortisol, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, lipopolysaccharide binding protein, and haptoglobin. Immune function assessments, including peripheral mononuclear cell proliferation and functional assays of circulating granulocytes, were performed on d -3 and 4 of the feed restriction. No differences were observed in dry matter intake, milk yield, or concentrations or yield of components except for fat yield. An interaction of parity and treatment was observed for milk fat yield that was lower for CTL than NT in primiparous cows, but no differences were observed among treatments in milk fat yield of multiparous cows. Feed restriction successfully induced negative energy balance and its associated metabolic changes, including reduced concentrations of plasma glucose and increased nonesterified fatty acids and ß-hydroxybutyrate. Cows fed NT had a similar decrease in milk yield but had a more pronounced reduction in plasma glucose concentration and greater ß-hydroxybutyrate concentration during feed restriction than those fed CTL. Feed restriction did not induce evidence of systemic inflammation but did reduce granulocyte functional activity. Compared with CTL, feeding NT improved the reactive oxygen species production by granulocytes after stimulation by extracellular antigens. In conclusion, feeding NT increased milk fat production of first-lactation cows but did not affect overall productive performance. However, supplementation with NT improved induced granulocyte oxidative burst. This may explain the greater glucose utilization by cows fed NT rather than CTL during feed restriction.

Estrés, ansiedad y depresión en estudiantes secundarios de la ciudad de Santa Rosa del Aguaray, Departamento de San Pedro, 2016 / Stress, anxiety and depression in high school students of the city of Santa Rosa del Aguaray, Department of San Pedro, 2016

Introducción: En este estudio interesa investigar los niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión que tiene una población de estudiantes secundarios. Creemos importante estudiar esta temática, en particular porque al tratarse de preuniversitarios debe darse especial énfasis a la detección e intervención precoz sobre situaciones que podrían afectar su desarrollo personal, académico, familiar y social. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, con corte transversal y muestreo no probabilístico a criterio, realizado en estudiantes de educación media del Colegio Nacional "Santa Rosa", del Departamento de San Pedro. Para medir estrés, ansiedad y depresión, se utilizó el DASS-21, que consta de 21 ítems. Resultados: Se evidenció la existencia de al menos cierto nivel del estrés en el 43,5% de los estudiantes entrevistados, siendo de nivel extremo en 8,7% de los participantes. Se reportó algún grado de ansiedad en por lo menos el 71,7%, y algún grado de depresión en al menos 52,2% de los participantes. Discusión: Si bien los niveles de estrés encontrados en la presente investigación son menores a los reportados en la bibliografía, los valores de ansiedad y depresión superan los reportados por otros estudios en población similar. La investigación sobre los niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en estudiantes preuniversitarios es un tema actual e innovador, que busca encontrar soluciones efectivas para hacer frente a estas condiciones que repercuten negativamente en la vida de los estudiantes.

Introduction: In this study it is interesting to investigate the levels of stress, anxiety and depression in a population of high school students. We believe that it is important to study this issue, particularly as they are pre-university students. Special emphasis should be placed on early detection and intervention on situations that could affect personal, academic, family and social development of high school students. Materials and methods: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, with non-probabilistic and at criterion sampling, of students of the "Santa Rosa" National School, Department of San Pedro, enrolled in secondary education. To measure stress, anxiety and depression, we used the DASS-21, which consists of 21 items. Results: There was evidence of at least a certain level of stress in 43,5% of the students interviewed. Extreme level of stress was found in 8,7% of the participants. Some degree of anxiety was reported in at least 71,7% of the population, and some degree of depression in at least 52,2% of the participants. Discussion: Although the levels of stress found in the present study are lower than those reported in the literature, the values of anxiety and depression exceed those reported by other studies in a similar population. Research on the levels of stress, anxiety and depression in pre-university students is a current and innovative topic, which seeks to find effective solutions to address these conditions that have a negative impact on the lives of students.

Aplicación de encuesta epidemiológica en individuos con discapacidad auditiva de las Unidades de Educación Especial del estado Sucre / Application of epidemic survey in individuals with auditory discapacidad of the Units of Special Education of the state Sucre

Para el año 2002 LA World Health Organization (WHO), estimó que aproximadamente unos 250 millones de personas sufrifrían de trastornos auditivos incapacitantes; que dos terceras partes de estas pesonas vivirían en países en vías de desarrollo, y que la mitad de estas pérdidas auditivas podrían ser evitables. Los programas de WHO, (Healthy People 200) iniciados en 1.990, tenían como objetivo fundamental lograr la identificación de pérdidas auditivas severas en niños antes del primer año de edad, sin embargo, los programas de Joint Comittee of Infant Hearing (1.994) fueron mas ambiciosos y redujeron la identificación del problema a los 6 meses de nacido. El propósito de este trabajo es mostrar los resultados de una encuesta epidemiológica aplicada en las Unidades de Educación Especial (UEE) del estado Sucre: Cumaná (UEE Cumaná), Carúpano (UEE Libertador) y Cumanocoa (UEE Cumanacoa y taller de educación especial Cumanacoa). El objetivo funadmental de esta encuesta era el de establecer las posibles causas que originaron el problema en la población de 3 a 25 años de edad que asisten a estos centros educativos, la edad a la cual se realizó el diagnóstico, el grado de perdida auditiva de los mismos, así como las características de su amplificación aural y escolaridad

Diagnóstico de la incompatibilidad ABO con base en estudio inmunohematológico / Diagnostic of the incompatibility ABO with base in inmunohematologi study

Se estudiaron 492 casos de niños con incompatibilidad inmunológica materno infantil por el sistema ABO. A todas las muestras se les efectuó la prueba directa e indirecta de Coombs; así como un eluido. En ambos grupos, los resultados positivos más altos fueron para los eluidos, con 319 casos en comparación con 194 casos de Coombs indirectos y 63 de Coombs directos. Consecuentemente los resultados negativos más frecuentes fueron para los Coombs directos con 429 casos a diferencia de 173 casos en eluidos y 298 en suero. Los estudios en los eluidos demostraron que el anticuerpo más frecuente fue el A,B, y 21 de anti B; así como 24 casos en los que el anticuerpo presente no correspondió a la incompatibilidad que existía entre la madre y el niño. Se concluye que es necesario hacer el eluido cuando el estudio en suero es negativo y hay sospecha de enfermedad hemolítica por ABO.

[Diphenoxylate poisoning]. / Intoxicación por difenoxilato.

During the year 1976, 18 patients intoxicated with lomotil were admitted to the Emergency Service of the Centro Medico La Raza, I.M.S.S. with ages fluctuating between 4 months and 3 years; the average age was 22 mos. 88.8% of intoxications were accidental. Initial manifestations of atropinism and diphenoxylate showed the same proportion and 22% showed mixed symptoms. There were no deaths. All patients were given stomach washings and it was seen that the earlier the washing was given, the lesser the symptoms showed. The specific treatment given was with naloxone chloride (Narcanti) at a dose of 10 micrograms, per kilo and per dose intravenously and was repeated as often as necessary. Response was spectacular with improvement within 15 seconds. No patient showed side-effects to the application of the antagonist. Lomotil intoxication rated up to 15% of the total sum of intoxications admitted.