RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience a wide range of health problems. Research is needed on teaching persons with intellectual disabilities about their health to promote self-advocacy. This study used a RCT to evaluate a health knowledge training program for adults with intellectual disabilities and verbal skills. METHODS: Participants were randomly assigned to training (n = 12) or no training control (n = 10) groups. Topics included key body organs, systems, functions, health maintenance and illnesses. Participants played a game answering questions (e.g. 'What does the heart do?'). Instruction involved visuals (e.g., PowerPoint slides), cueing, modelling and feedback. The control group received pre-, post- and follow-up tests as the training group. RESULTS: The training group had significantly higher overall post-test and follow-up health knowledge test scores than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Health knowledge training is one step in promoting health self-advocacy and better health in persons with intellectual disabilities.
Assuntos
Educação em Saúde/métodos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Deficiência Intelectual/reabilitação , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A meta-analysis examined the effects of deinstitutionalisation on adaptive behaviour outcomes in persons with intellectual disability. The need for an updated review in this area is reflected by recent policy shifts in community care practices and the international status of deinstitutionalisation efforts. METHOD: Twenty-three studies were compared using standardised mean effect sizes across 5 demographic, 4 methodological, and 1 outcome variable. RESULTS: Moderate habilitative gains were found in 75% of adaptive behaviour domains. A weighted linear multiple regression revealed that larger effect sizes were significantly predicted by sample size and research design. Disability level also moderated the extent to which sample size affected the magnitude of effect sizes. CONCLUSIONS: These results are discussed in relation to the implications they have for community services for persons with intellectual disability. The difficulties in accurately comparing studies with dissimilar procedures and contexts are also outlined.
Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Desinstitucionalização , Deficiência Intelectual/reabilitação , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Adulto , Serviços Comunitários de Saúde Mental/organização & administração , Feminino , Humanos , Vida Independente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos de Pesquisa , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Background A meta-analysis examined the effects of deinstitutionalisation on adaptive behaviour outcomes in persons with intellectual disability. The need for an updated review in this area is reflected by recent policy shifts in community care practices and the international status of deinstitutionalisation efforts. Method Twenty-three studies were compared using standardised mean effect sizes across 5 demographic, 4 methodological, and 1 outcome variable. Results Moderate habilitative gains were found in 75% of adaptive behaviour domains. A weighted linear multiple regression revealed that larger effect sizes were significantly predicted by sample size and research design. Disability level also moderated the extent to which sample size affected the magnitude of effect sizes. Conclusions These results are discussed in relation to the implications they have for community services for persons with intellectual disability. The difficulties in accurately comparing studies with dissimilar procedures and contexts are also outlined.
