Kinetic analysis of hemoglobin detergency by probability density functional method.

In this study, washing tests were performed using samples prepared by contaminating fabrics with hemoglobin, and a kinetic analysis was conducted based the probability density functional method, which expresses the cleaning power using two parameters σrl (related to the cleaning mechanism) and µrl (related to the level of cleaning power). This method allows for the processing of uncertainties specific to protein washing under the assumption that the soil adhesion and detergency are in accordance with a normal distribution. A certain amount of hemoglobin solution was soaked in a cloth, dried, and steam-treated, and then used as a sample for a cleaning test. Two parameters σrl and µrl were calculated based on the detergency (%) after 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, and 20 min of washing with respect to different pH and temperature levels, and different sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentration and temperature levels. Based on the results, the value of σrl indicated that the hemoglobin was removed by the dissolving action. In addition, µrl increased in accordance with an increase in the pH, SDS concentration, and temperature. With respect to µrl, the relationship of ΔX + ΔY = Δ(X+Y) was observed in several cases, where ΔX represents the effect of the pH or SDS concentration, ΔY is the temperature effect, and Δ(X+Y) is the combined effect. Therefore, there may be an additive relationship between the pH and temperature effects, and the SDS concentration and temperature effects.

[Postoperative Recurrence of Pancreatic Cancer Successfully Treated with the Gemcitabine plus Oxaliplatin Regimen Resulting in Long-Term Survival-ACase Report].

A 38-year-old woman who presented with complaints of back pain was diagnosed with cancer of the pancreatic body. Since invasion of the celiac artery/superior mesenteric artery was suspected, she was referred to our department for chemotherapy. She received 4 courses of gemcitabine plus S-1(GS), and she underwent distal pancreatectomy with en bloc celiac axis resection/portal vein resection/reconstruction using a left renal vein graft(OP-CAR). Histopathological examination of the resected specimen revealed a positive margin(R1). She received 11 courses of GS as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. She developed marked abdominal distension due to metastatic ovarian enlargement, and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. The intraoperative findings revealed multiple peritoneal dissemination. Peritoneocentesis was performed, and the patient was started on gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin(GEMOX)for control of the ascites. This treatment was followed by a rapid decrease in the size of the ascites and resolution of the symptoms of stenosis. The serum tumor marker levels decreased over the following 18months. She received a total of 35 courses of GEMOX. This patient showed long-term survival after the start of treatment: she survived for 5 years and 11 months after the initial examination and for 5 years and 6 months after the surgery. Our experience in this case suggests that GEMOX could be a useful treatment option to improve prognosis.

Apparent diffusion coefficient value as a biomarker reflecting morphological and biological features of prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: To assess whether there is an association between the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and the pathological characteristics of prostate cancer. METHODS: The study cohort consisted of 29 consecutive patients with prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. All patients underwent diffusion-weighted MRI before the prostate biopsy. In 42 tumor foci, the associations of the ADC values with the clinicopathological characteristics and Ki-67 labeling index (LI) were analyzed. RESULTS: High-grade cancers (Gleason score [GS] ≥ 4 + 3), larger cancers (maximum diameter (MD) ≥ 16 mm), and highly proliferating cancers (Ki-67 LI ≥ 4.43 %) had significantly lower ADC values, respectively (P < .001, P = .008, and P = .044, respectively). There was no significant difference in ADC value according to age, prostate-specific antigen, presence of extra-prostatic extension, and intra-tumoral stroma proportion. Multivariate analysis showed that GS, Ki-67 LI, and MD had independent and significant correlations with ADC value (P < .001, P = .006, and P = .002, respectively). Low ADC tumors (<0.52 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s) are likely to be high-grade cancer foci compared with high ADC tumors (relative risk: 65.2). The sensitivity and specificity of the ADC value to predict high-grade cancer foci are 81.8 and 93.5 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A low ADC value reflects the morphological and biological features of prostate cancer. Analyzing the ADC value may make it possible to more precisely predict the cancer aggressiveness of each focus before treatment.