RESUMO
PURPOSE: Different measuring instruments have been described to determine the prevalence of voice disorders in schoolteachers. However, the heterogeneity of prevalence figures has made it difficult in determining the impact of voice disorders in this group. This investigation aims to review and identify scientific evidence of methodological analysis of voice disorders in teachers, the relevance of measuring instruments, the prevalence of dysphonia, and the impact on the development of vocal health prevention programs. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted by searching six important scientific databases. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines were carried out. Articles were included whether they presented data related to the prevalence of dysphonia and the impact of therapy programs on teachers. RESULTS: Twenty articles out of 8,998 were selected. The cross-sectional design type was predominant throughout the investigations. Differences were observed in the number of participants across studies, leading to heterogeneous prevalence figures - which ranged from 10.5% to 69.1%. The assessment instruments are not standardly used to effectively determine the disease burden. Despite the fact of the extensive evidence of the effectiveness of programs that address dysphonia in teachers, the scarcity of literature is yet evident on systematic programs promoted by either the government or educational institutions. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that future investigations should consider the consensus of a global definition for occupational dysphonia in teachers in order to develop accurately measuring instruments and to assist with voice care programs and treatment approaches in this population. This might be crucial since it could also assist with the implementation of Delphi-type studies that could support the development of further evidence-based agreements around these programs (voice care and treatment approaches) in schoolteachers.
RESUMO
Introducción: En Chile se ha descrito una baja adherencia al uso de audífonos en la población de adultos mayores, sin embargo, existe escasa información acerca de la realidad actual en regiones. Objetivo: Determinar la adherencia al uso de audífonos y caracterizar a la población de adultos mayores beneficiarios de éstos mediante GES (Garantías Explícitas en Salud) del Hospital Regional de Talca (HRT). Asimismo, determinar las principales variables que se relacionan con la adherencia en este grupo. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, correlacional y analítico. Se evaluó a 78 usuarios con CIRUA presencialmente, índice de Barthel y cuestionario complementario. Además, se realizó una visita domiciliaria. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva y pruebas de proporciones. El programa estadístico empleado fue STATA versión 11. Resultados: La adherencia fue del 75%. La edad tuvo una correlación significativa in-versa con la adherencia, las demás variables estudiadas no estarían asociadas. No existe diferencia significativa entre la adherencia arrojada en el HRT versus la visita domiciliaria. Conclusiones: Se sugiere reformular el abordaje al grupo de beneficiarios que tienen mayor edad, enfatizando el rol evaluativo y terapéutico del fonoaudiólogo. Se proponen futuras investigaciones en otras regiones, utilizando metodologías similares e instrumentos validados.
Introduction: In Chile, a low adherence to the use of hearing aids in the elderly population has been described, however, there is a lack of information regarding the current situation in locations outside the capital city. Aim: To determine the adherence to the use of hearing aids, and to characterize the population of elderly people that benefit from the use of the same through the Explicit Guarantees in Health (GES), in the Regional Hospital of Talca (HRT). Furthermore, evaluate the main variables related to adherence in this group. Material and method: Descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational and analytical study. 78 users were evaluated with CIRUA, Barthel Index and a complementary questionnaire in person. Furthermore, a home visit was carried out. For the data analysis, descriptive statistics and proportions tests. Statistical software used was STATA 11. Results: The adherence described was 75%. Age had a significant inverse correlation with adherence, without an association of the other variables studied. There is no significant difference between adherences in the HRT compared with home visits. Conclusions: It is suggested that the approach to elderly beneficiaries be reformulated, emphasizing the evaluative and therapeutic role of the speech therapist. Future research is proposed in other regions of the country, using similar methodologies and instruments validated.
