Effect of Chrysophyllum albidum fruit pulp powder on antioxidant and proinflammatory genes in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic rats.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from insulin deficiency or dysfunction. The imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants known as oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis and complications associated with DM. Chrysophyllum albidum is a seasonal fruit found to be rich in natural antioxidants. METHODS: DM was induced by high-fat diet dietary supplementation for 14 days followed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Thirty-five experimental rats were then divided into seven groups viz.: non-diabetic control; diabetic control; metformin; diabetic and non-diabetic fed with 5 and 10% C. albidum fruit pulp powder (CAFPP). Fasting blood glucose was done with an automatic auto-analyzer and weights were monitored at three-day intervals. The expressions of Nrf2, SOD, CAT, GST, TNF-α, DPP4, and insulin were investigated using RT-PCR. Schrödinger suites was used for docking of C. albidum phytocompounds with insulin. RESULTS: Diabetic rats fed with CAFPP for thirteen days have their blood glucose lowered significantly (p < 0.05) and gained weight compared to diabetic control. CAFPP significantly (p < 0.05) up-regulated Nrf2, CAT, GST, SOD, and insulin genes expression in the diabetic group relative to diabetic control with concomitant down-regulation of TNF-α and DPP4 genes expression. Molecular docking of compounds previously characterized from C. albidum revealed that they are potent ligands of insulin receptors. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that CAFPP could be effective in the management of DM-related oxidative stress by up-regulating antioxidant and down-regulating pro-inflammatory genes expression. It also positively modulates genes associated with glucose metabolism. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-021-00921-0.

Effects of Chrysophyllum albidum fruit pulp on haemodynamic parameters, pro-inflammatory markers, antioxidant parameters and critical biomolecules associated with hypertension-in vivo.

The effects of Chrysophyllum albidum fruit pulp on haemodynamic parameters, pro-inflammatory markers, antioxidant parameters and critical biomolecules associated with hypertension in vivo were determined. Feeding with supplemented diet with pulp reduced heart rate, mean arterial pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels of hypertensive-treated groups. Moreover, hypertensive-treated groups fed with fruit pulp supplemented diets had significantly (p < 0.05) lower level of serum pro-inflammatory markers when compared to untreated hypertensive group. Furthermore, feeding with supplemented diet with pulp and captopril administration reduced AChE, BChE, ACE, and arginase activities of hypertensive-treated groups. The fruit pulp supplemented diet also increased antioxidant status of hypertensive-treated groups. This was supported by the histopathological examination of the kidney and heart tissues. These beneficial effects could in part be the explanations of ethnomedicinal uses of the fruit pulp in the management of hypertension. Nevertheless, the higher percentage inclusion of the pulp showed higher antihypertensive effects.

Anti-hypercholesterolemic potential of diet supplemented with Anchomanes difformis and Pleurotus tuberregium tubers in high cholesterol fed rats.

BACKGROUND: One significant ethnomedicinal motivation behind Pleurotus tuberregium (PTT) and Anchomanes difformis (ADT) tubers is cardiovascular-related conditions treatment. This investigation is in this way planned for deciding the impact of PTT and ADT enhanced eating routine on key enzymes linked with hypercholesterolemia in elevated cholesterol fed rodents. METHODS: Rats were isolated into control group, hypercholesterolemic-prompted untreated group, hypercholesterolemic-treated groups with dietary routine containing PTT (5% and 10%), ADT (5% and 10%), 5% PTT and 5% ADT conbination and traditional medication, atorvastatin for 28 days. Ten rodents were utilized for every one of the groups. RESULTS: Feeding with PTT and ADT comprehensive eating regimen and their combination significantly (P < 0.05) diminished the AChE, HMG-CoA, ALT, AST, ALP, LDH and CK activities and levels of mevalonate, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDLch), atherogenic indices, MDA and ROS yet significantly increased the SOD, CAT, GPx activities, and level of HDL, GSH when contrasted with HC-initiated untreated rodents. Likewise, histopathological of liver and heart demonstrated no obsessive changes in all the treated groups when contrasted with healthy control group. HPLC fingerprinting of the PTT and ADT aqueous concentrates uncovered the nearness of ferulic acid, vanillic acid, catechin, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid and gallic acid. Notwithstanding, aqueous concentrate of ADT contained plentiful convergences of the polyphenolics when contrasted with PTT concentrate. CONCLUSIONS: The tubers HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity could additionally support their antihypercholesterolemic use in folk medication. Accordingly, the tubers may in this way be valuable as restorative nourishment for helpful treatment of clinical conditions related hypercholesterolemia with the ADT diet holding more guarantee.

Phytochemical and nutrient/antinutrient interactions in cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruits.

The fruit of the cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum (Solanaceae)) was analysed for mineral and antinutrient composition. Phosphorus (33.04 ± 0.21 mg/100g) was the most abundant mineral in the fruit, followed by calcium (32.04 ± 0.06 mg/100 g), and potassium (11.9 ± 0.1 mg/100 g) and manganese (9.55 ± 0.28 mg/100 g) were also present in appreciable quantities. Antinutrients, including phytate, glycoside, saponin and tannin, were screened and quantified. Phytate (112.82 ± 0.1 mg/100 g), glycoside (2.33 ± 0.00 mg/100 g), saponin (1.31 ± 0.00 mg/100g) and tannin (0.21 ± 0.00 mg/100 g) were present in the fruit but phlobatanin and glycosides with steroidal rings were not found. The calculated calcium:phytate ratio of the fruits was below the critical value and the calculated [calcium] [phytate]:[zinc] molar ratio was less than the critical value. The calcium:phosphorus ratio (0.97 mg/100 g) shows the fruit to be a good source of food nutrients, while the sodium:potassium value was less than 1. Ca/P ratio below 0.5 indicates deficiency of these minerals while Na/K ratio above 1 is detrimental because of excessive sodium levels. The results of the study generally revealed the fruit to be rich in minerals but containing insufficient quantities of antinutrients to result in poor mineral bioavailability.