Cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Yoruba version of the Health Literacy Questionnaire.

Background: Health literacy is an important multidimensional concept of public health concern and a determinant of health outcomes and access to healthcare which requires robust measurement. The objective of this study was to culturally adapt and establish the psychometric properties of the Yoruba version of the Health Literacy Questionnaire. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of Nigeria Yoruba speaking adults was conducted with the Health Literacy Questionnaire following its translation and adaptation. Data were subject to psychometric evaluation (confirmatory factor analysis, composite reliability, Cronbach's alpha, intra class correlation) and association with sociodemographic variables. Results: A total of 258 adults with mean age 26.7 years participated in the study. The easiest scale to score highly was 'Actively managing my health' and hardest was 'Ability to find good health information' and 'Navigating the healthcare system'. Six one-factor models fitted well without correlated residuals but the other three had a good fit after model modification. Composite reliability and Cronbach's α of ≥ 0.7 were observed for all scales, suggesting good internal consistency of the scales. Test-retest reliability of the Yoruba translation of the Health Literacy Questionnaire was moderate to good in all scales, intra class correlation ranging from 0.66 to 0.76. Conclusion: The Health Literacy Questionnaire was successfully translated and culturally adapted and demonstrated good content and construct validity and high composite reliability. The Yoruba translation of the Health Literacy Questionnaire has the potential of being a useful clinical tool for the assessment of health literacy, especially among Yoruba speaking community of Nigeria. Thereby helping to improve the health outcomes through access to healthcare.

Translation and psychometric evaluation of the Yoruba version of the STarT Back tool among persons with long-term non-specific low-back pain.

Conclusion: The Y-SBT have acceptable psychometric properties. It is recommended for use among Yoruba speaking patients with LBP. Background: Translating questionnaires into local languages is essential as it aids easy accessibility and understanding of such questionnaires by patients and their health caregivers. The STarT Back Tool (SBT), validated tool used to classify subgroups of persons with Low-Back Pain, has few translated versions. We translated the STarT Back Tool into the Yoruba language and established its psychometric properties among patients with long-term non-specific Low-Back Pain. Methods: Following the Lenz protocol, the SBT was successfully cross-culturally adapted into the Yoruba language. One hundred consenting patients (mean age = 57.0±11.43 years, 55% females) took part in the validation phase, while 53 of them participated in the test-retest phase. Psychometric indices of the Y-SBT assessed showed internal consistency, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), ceiling and floor effects and divergent validity. Results: The sub- and total Cronbach's α score for Y-SBT was 0.704 and 0.857, respectively. The test-retest reliability of the sub- and total scores of the Y-SBT yielded an ICC of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.74 - 0.87) and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.84 - 0.93), respectively. The divergent validity for sub- and total-scores of the Y-SBT based on Quadruple Visual Analogue Scale score for on-going pain was r = 0.374 (p = 0.001) and r = 0.432 (p = 0.001), respectively. The Y-SBT had no ceiling or floor effects.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of yoruba version of the short-form 12 health survey.

Conclusion: This is the first study to assess the psychometric properties of the Y-SF-12. It appears to be valid and may be an appropriate tool for assessing health-related quality of life among Yoruba population. The tool may help to improve the health outcomes of individuals, and redress health inequalities in low and middle-income countries. Background: Short Form 12 (SF-12) health survey has found its utility in clinical and research settings because of its short length that spares time. Though several translations into other languages do exist there is none available in Yoruba language. Hence, this study's objective was to culturally adapt and determine the reliability and validity of the Yoruba translated version of the SF-12. Methods: Forward and backward translations of SF-12 into Yoruba version of SF-12 (Y-SF-12) were done using the International Quality of Life Assessment Project Guidelines. Healthy participants were assessed using both English and Yoruba versions of SF-12 for the validation phase, and two weeks later were reassessed with the Y-SF-12 for the reliability phase. Results: Participants were 225 males and 171 females. The mean scores for each scale range from 73.4 to 86.1, with no gender difference. All scale and domain scores evidenced a negative skew and ranges from -1.79 to -0.62. Concurrent validity (0.879 - 0.938) and convergent validity (0.786 - 0.907) appeared to be good as reflected by their correlation values. The internal consistency of Y-SF-12 was good as Cronbach's Alpha ranged between 0.899 and 0.968, while the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) ranged between 0.775 and 0.949.

Comparison of statistical models used for assessing factors associated with infant mortality in Nigeria

Background: Infant mortality is a public health concern especially in developing countries, particularly Nigeria. Different models had been used independently to identify factors associated with infant mortality. Some of the used models sometimes violate the underlying assumption for the models. This study was designed to compare the models that have been previously used and identify the appropriate model using standard model selection criteria to analyse risk factors for infant mortality in Nigeria.Methods: The study utilised 2008 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data with a sample size of 7107. The NDHS was a stratified two-stage cluster design where a questionnaire was used to collect data on the birth history of women aged 15-49 years. The models employed for this study were: Logit, Probit and Clog-log. The model selection criteria were Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Residual Deviance and Vuong test. The model with the smallest criteria was considered to be the best fit.Results: The results showed that Infant Mortality in Nigeria can be appropriately modelled by Clog-log model. The models and corresponding AIC values were: Logit (6171.1), Probit (6212.6) and Clog-log (6126.6). The residual deviance included: Logit (6135.1), Probit (6176.6) and Clog-log (6090.6). Clog-log had the smallest AIC and residual deviance values; hence, it was of the best fit. Home delivery and delivery by professionals had negative significant associations with infant mortality while women's education (primary/no education) and birth order had positive significant association, (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The best model for infant mortality evaluation in Nigeria was Clog-log. Generally, improved women's education would significantly reduce Infant Mortality in Nigeria

Body Size Perceptions and Weight Status of Adults in a Nigerian Rural Community.

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are now recognized worldwide as increasing public health problems throughout the life course and wrong perception of one's body size may reduce the motivation for an overweight person to lose weight. AIM: This study was conducted to investigate how Nigerian rural dwellers perceive their body size and how their perception agrees with their body mass index (BMI). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional sample of 183 adults living in a rural community, South-West Nigeria was randomly recruited into the study. Their verbal and visual body size perceptions were assessed through structured questions and body images. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Thirty-five percent (64/183) of participants were classified as either overweight or obese by BMI. More than half of the participants perceived themselves as normal weight. More women perceived themselves to be obese than men in both verbal and visual perceptions. Based on BMI classification, 43% (79/183) and 54% (98/183) of participants misperceived themselves in verbal and visual perception, respectively. Underestimation of body size was higher in men (38.3%, 36/94) while overestimation was higher in women (9.0%, 8/89). Men had consistently higher values of kappa coefficient which indicate greater agreement than women in both types of perception. CONCLUSION: We found considerable gender differences in body weight perception of adults in the Nigerian rural community. A large proportion of these rural dwellers could not appropriately classify their weight status; and over 30% (64/183) and nearly 50% (92/183) of them underestimated their own body weight in verbal and visual perceptions respectively.

Trends in the clinical Pattern, diagnosis and management of rhinosinusitis in a sub-urban tertiary health centre

Background: Rhinosinusitis (RSS) is a common form of upper airway disease encountered by Otolaryngologists. Objectives: To describe the trends in the clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of RSS in a tertiary hospital.Methods:Retrospective analysis of clinical information retrieved from the hospital records of patients with RSS managed in the ENT department of OOUTH Sagamu over an 18-month period was done.Results: Out of 1814 patients, 143 had RRS with the prevalence rate of 7.9%. The male-to-female ratio was 1.1:1, the age ranged from 7 to 79 (median = 32.4) years. The presenting symptoms included mucoid nasal discharge (68.7%), nasal congestion (61.5%) and excessive sneezing (46.8%). Most (71.3%) of the patients presented after 3weeks of the onset of symptoms and the median duration was 3.2 months. The leading physical findings included engorged nasal turbinates (78.3%), ooedematous nasal mucosa (72.0%), mucopurulent anterior rhinorrhoea (28.6%) and pale nasal mucosa (25.9%). The investigations done included plain X-Rays of the sinuses (86.0%), full blood count (67.1%) and computerized tomographic (CT) scan of the sinuses (8.4%). Plain X-Ray abnormalities were most common in the maxillary sinuses (45.5%) while 30.1% had multi-sinusitis. The trend of diagnosis ranged from infective RSS in 51.7% to allergic RSS in 38.5%. About a quarter had different forms of non-endoscopic surgical intervention. Recorded complications included nasal polyps in 11.9%. Conclusion: The trend of RSS observed relative affectation of adults and mostly chronic infective types, and sometimes allergic types.Radiological assessment was by plain X-Rays in most cases, management was either medical or non-endoscopic surgical methods, frequently complicated by polyps

Pre-hypertension and hypertension in adolescence: how much does it occur in a Nigerian community?

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is an important worldwide public-health challenge because of its high frequency and concomitant risks of cardiovascular and kidney disease. Previous studies have documented that hypertension may begin in adolescence, perhaps even in childhood. OBJECTIVES: This study set out to determine the prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension in adolescence in a Nigerian community. METHODS: A cross-sectional screening of blood pressure of secondary school students was conducted in Sagamu local government area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Total sample of 1638 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years were chosen from stratified schools and from various classes of selected schools. Their blood pressure was assessed. RESULTS: The prevalence of pre-hypertension in this population ranged from 0-10.5% in male students and 0-2.9% in female students across the age. In the whole population the prevalence of systolic and diastolic pre-hypertension were 1.6% and 0.5% respectively for male adolescents while that of female students were 0.4% and 0.5% respectively. The low prevalence of 0.1% was observed for systolic and diastolic hypertension in male and 0.1% for female systolic hypertension. Furthermore, pre-hypertension prevalence was increased with age. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our data demonstrated a low prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension in Nigerian adolescents living in Sagamu local government area of Ogun state, south west Nigeria.