Estado nutricional, composición corporal y enteroparasitosis en escolares del departamento de San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina / Nutritional Status, body composition and enteroparasitoses among schoolchildren in department of San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina

Introducción: El crecimiento de los niños y jóvenes es considerado un indicador sensible de la calidad del ambiente social, económico y político en el cual ellos viven. Esto conduce a la necesidad de avanzar en el conocimiento de la compleja interacción existente entre factores biológicos y ambientales. Objetivo: Analizar el estado nutricional, la composición corporal y las enteroparasitosis de niños del departamento de San Rafael (Mendoza), considerando las condiciones socio-ambientales de residencia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio antropométrico y parasitológico transversal que incluyó 615 niños, de ambos sexos, asistentes a escuelas públicas del departamento de San Rafael, Mendoza. A fin de determinar el estado nutricional y la composición corporal de los niños se empleó la referencia NHANES III y para el análisis parasitológico la técnica de concentración de Ritchie modificada y escobillado anal. La caracterización socio-ambiental de cada niño se realizó mediante encuesta autoadministrada y semiestructurada. Resultados: El estado nutricional indicó mayor desnutrición crónica (8,9%) respecto a la global (1,9%) y aguda (0,2%) y mayor obesidad (10,4%) en comparación al sobrepeso (9,1%). El análisis de composición corporal de los niños desnutridos indicó que el 56,7% de ellos presentó disminución del tejido muscular y el 1,7% de tejido adiposo. También el 5% de los niños con exceso de peso tuvieron disminución de tejido muscular. Por otra parte, el 62,4% de la población resultó parasitada por al menos una especie, siendo la riqueza específica de 10, con mayores prevalencias para Blastocystis hominis (45,0%) y Enterobius vermicularis (24,7%). El nivel educativo materno influyó en la malnutrición, como en la presencia de enteroparásitos. Conclusiones: Sin dudas la educación materna juega un papel importante en la etiología de la malnutrición, por déficit y exceso, y también en las parasitosis. Asimismo, las condiciones de precariedad sanitaria resultan determinantes en el desarrollo de enteroparasitosis. Revertir esta situación y erradicar la cronicidad constituye un desafío para las autoridades que tienen a su cargo el diseño y la implementación de políticas sanitarias y educativas (AU)

ntroduction: The growth of children and young people is considered a sensitive indicator of the quality of social, economic and political environment in which they live. This leads to the need to of a deeper understanding of the complex interaction between biological and environmental factors. Objective: To analyze the nutritional status, body composition and enteroparasitoses in children from the department of San Rafael (Mendoza), taking into account the socio-environmental conditions of residence. Methods: A cross-sectional anthropometric and parasitological study was made, on 615 children, both girls and boys, attending public school of the department of San Rafael, Mendoza. The NHANES III reference was employed to determine the nutritional status and body composition of the children. The parasitological analyses was made by means of the modified Ritchie concentration technique, and anal swabs were also taken. The socio-environmental characterization of each children was performed by semi-structured and self-administered interview. Results: Nutritional status indicated higher chronic malnutrition (8.9%) followed by underweight (1.9%) and wasting (0.2%). At last, there was more obesity (10.4%) than overweight (9.1 %). The analysis of body composition of malnourished children indicated that 56.7% of the children had decreased muscle tissue and 1.7% adipose tissue. Also, 5% of the children with overweight had a decrease in the muscle tissue. Moreover, 62.4% of the population turned out parasitized by at least one species, with species richness of 10, and higher prevalences of Blastocystis hominis (45.0%) and Enterobius vermicularis (24.7%). The maternal educational level influenced in the malnutrition, as well as in the presence of intestinal parasites. Conclusions: Undoubtedly maternal education plays an important role in the etiology of malnutrition, both by deficit or excess, and also in the parasitism. Likewise, precarious health conditions are critical in the development of intestinal parasites. The reversal of this situation and the eradication of chronicity should constitute a challenge for the authorities that are responsible for the design and implementation of health and education policies (AU)

Análisis comparativo del crecimiento y la maduración sexual entre niñas de Santa Rosa (La Pampa) y La Plata (Buenos Aires), Argentina

El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar comparativamente el crecimiento en relación con la menarca entre niñas de dos poblaciones urbanas argentinas. Se realizó un estudio antropométrico transversal, descriptivo-comparativo en 2.474 escolares comprendidas entre 8,0 y 16,9 años procedentes de Santa Rosa (SR) y La Plata (LP). Se registraron presencia de menarca y las variables antropométricas peso corporal, estaturas total y sentado, perímetro braquial, pliegues subcutáneos tricipital y subescapular. Fueron calculados índices de masa corporal, subescapular/tricipital y áreas muscular y adiposa del brazo. El grupo de estudio fue dividido en 4 grupos según ciudad y presencia de menarca. La caracterización socio-ambiental establecida mediante encuesta estructurada indicó diferencias significativas entre ciudades para condición de tenencia, características constructivas y servicios de las viviendas, cobertura de salud, asistencia monetaria, nivel educativo y ocupación laboral de los progenitores marcando un mayor bienestar en las jóvenes de SR. La menarca a una edad promedio de 12,7 años fue más prevalente en SR (40,6%) que en LP (33,7%) (c2=12,9; p< 0,05) que en general permanecieron en la comparación post hoc por edad en los grupos madurativos pre-menarca y post-menarca. La presencia de un tamaño corporal reducido, a expensas de menor estatura total, área muscular y longitud de piernas en las jóvenes de LP, asociados a una menor prevalencia de menarca en esta ciudad, representaría el costo adaptativo a un ambiente de menor bienestar.

Argentina. The aim of this study was to analyze growth in relation to menarche in girls from two Argentinean urban populations. We performed a comparative-descriptive cross sectional study in 2474 schoolchildren between 8.0 and 16.9 years old from Santa Rosa (SR) and La Plata (LP) cities. We registered the presence of menarche and anthropometrics variables of body weight, total and sitting heights, arm circumference, triceps and subscapular skinfolds. Body mass index, subscapular / triceps index and muscle and fat arm areas were calculated. The study group was divided into 4 groups according to the city and menarche. The socio-environmental structured survey indicated significant differences between cities with these variables: tenure status, building materials and services, health care coverage, cash assistance, educational level and parents’ occupation, therefore establishing a higher welfare in youngsters of SR. Menarche at a mean age of 12.7 years old was more prevalent in SR (40.6%) than in LP (33.7%) (c2=12.9; p.

Catch-up growth in intrauterine growth retarded rats: its correlation with histomorphometric changes of the pituitary somatotrope cells

The aim of the present study was to examinethe long-term effects of prenatal injure onbody and craniofacial growth in intrauterinegrowth retarded (IUGR) animals and its correlationwith histomorphometric changes ofthe pituitary somatotrope population. IUGRmodel was carried out by means of uterine vesselsligation in pregnant rats at 14th day ofpregnancy. Control and sham-operated animalswere also included. The animals were Xrayedat 1, 21, and 84 days of age. Bodyweight, neural and facial variables were measured.Pituitaries were processed for lightmicroscopy and immunolabeled with anti-GH sera. Morphometry was performed bymeans of an image-analysis system. Data wereprocessed by ANOVA, and Wilcoxon tests.Body weight was significantly lower in newbornIUGR rats compared with that of theircontrol counterparts, even during postnatalgrowth. Both neurocranium and face weresimilarly affected at birth and weaning. At 84days of age, despite facial growth exhibited apartial recovery, cranial volumes remainedsmaller in IUGR animals. Quantitativeimmunohistochemistry revealed a significantdecrease in the volume and cell densities inIUGR compared to control age peers. Adequatenutritional and environmental conditionswere insufficient to reverse the effects ofa reduced uteroplacental blood supply on fetalgrowth. The timing and duration of thegrowth insult seem to be crucial for the occurrenceof catch-up body weight and cranialgrowth in the rat. The lack of complete catchupin these IUGR animals may be associatedto an alteration in the GH production (AU)

No disponible

Bone growth in IUGR rats treated with growth hormone: A multivariate approach

The aim of this study was to assess the morphologicalchanges (in size and shape) in IntrauterineGrowth Retarded (IUGR) rats treated with growthhormone.Wistar albino rats were divided into the followinggroups: Control, Sham-operated, Intrauterinegrowth retarded, and Intrauterine growthretarded injected with growth hormone. Intrauterinegrowth retardation was induced by partialbending of uterine vessels on day 14 of pregnancy.After weaning, all groups received a stockdiet ad libitum. At 84 days of age, the animalswere X-rayed on the dorsal and lateral planes.Cranial and postcranial measurements weretaken on each radiograph. Data were standardizedand processed by principal component anddiscriminant analysis.Both the first component and discriminantfunction revealed size differences between sexesand treatments. Males were larger than females.Sham males were the largest, followed byintrauterine growth retarded animals treated withgrowth hormone and intrauterine growth retardedrats. Sham and intrauterine growth retardedfemales treated with growth hormone were similarand larger than their IUGR counterparts. Thesecond and subsequent components and discriminantfunctions described shape variations. Shamand intrauterine growth retarded animals treatedwith growth hormone formed a single cluster separatedfrom intrauterine growth retarded rats.Intrauterine growth retardation produces adifferential reduction of bone dimensions, i.e. amodification of allometric growth. Growth hormoneseems to promote harmonic growth recovery(size and shape) only in females (AU)

No disponible