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J Virol ; 86(16): 8472-81, 2012 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22647699

RESUMO

The HIV-1 capsid (CA) protein plays essential roles in both early and late stages of virl replication and has emerged as a novel drug target. We report hybrid structure-based virtual screening to identify small molecules with the potential to interact with the N-terminal domain (NTD) of HIV-1 CA and disrupt early, preintegration steps of the HIV-1 replication cycle. The small molecule 4,4'-[dibenzo[b,d]furan-2,8-diylbis(5-phenyl-1H-imidazole-4,2-diyl)]dibenzoic acid (CK026), which had anti-HIV-1 activity in single- and multiple-round infections but failed to inhibit viral replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), was identified. Three analogues of CK026 with reduced size and better drug-like properties were synthesized and assessed. Compound I-XW-053 (4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzoic acid) retained all of the antiviral activity of the parental compound and inhibited the replication of a diverse panel of primary HIV-1 isolates in PBMCs, while displaying no appreciable cytotoxicity. This antiviral activity was specific to HIV-1, as I-XW-053 displayed no effect on the replication of SIV or against a panel of nonretroviruses. Direct interaction of I-XW-053 was quantified with wild-type and mutant CA protein using surface plasmon resonance and isothermal titration calorimetry. Mutation of Ile37 and Arg173, which are required for interaction with compound I-XW-053, crippled the virus at an early, preintegration step. Using quantitative PCR, we demonstrated that treatment with I-XW-053 inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcription in multiple cell types, indirectly pointing to dysfunction in the uncoating process. In summary, we have identified a CA-specific compound that targets and inhibits a novel region in the NTD-NTD interface, affects uncoating, and possesses broad-spectrum anti-HIV-1 activity.


Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/farmacologia , Proteínas do Capsídeo/antagonistas & inibidores , HIV-1/efeitos dos fármacos , HIV-1/fisiologia , Desenvelopamento do Vírus/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos Anti-HIV/síntese química , Fármacos Anti-HIV/toxicidade , Calorimetria , Linhagem Celular , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Ligação Proteica , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Transcrição Reversa/efeitos dos fármacos , Vírus da Imunodeficiência Símia/efeitos dos fármacos , Ressonância de Plasmônio de Superfície , Internalização do Vírus/efeitos dos fármacos , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacos
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