Is the Pupil Involved in Duane Syndrome? Static and Dynamic Pupillometry Characteristics.

Objectives: Duane syndrome (DS) is typically characterized by abduction and/or adduction deficiency accompanied by eyelid and ocular motility disturbances. Maldevelopment or absence of the sixth nerve has been shown to be the causative factor. The aim of the present study was to investigate static and dynamic pupillary characteristics in patients with DS and compare the results with those of healthy eyes. Materials and Methods: Patients with unilateral isolated DS and no history of ocular surgery were enrolled in the study. Healthy subjects with a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 1.0 or higher were assigned to the control group. All subjects underwent complete ophthalmological examination and pupillometry measurements (MonPack One, Vision Monitor System, Metrovision, Perenchies, France) including static and dynamic pupil evaluation. Results: A total of 74 patients (22 with DS and 52 healthy subjects) were included in the study. The mean age of the DS patients and healthy subjects was 11.05±5.19 and 12.54±4.05 years, respectively (p=0.188). There was no difference in sex distribution (p=0.502). Mean BCVA differed significantly between eyes with DS and healthy eyes, and between healthy eyes and the fellow eyes of DS patients (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in any static or dynamic pupillometry parameters (p>0.05 for all). Conclusion: In the light of the results of the present study, the pupil seems to be not involved in DS. Larger studies including more patients with different types of DS in different age groups or comprising patients with non-isolated DS may reveal different findings.

The effects of chalazion surgery on intraocular pressure and corneal topography.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of chalazion surgery on intraocular pressure (IOP) and the biomechanical, topographic, and topometric properties of the cornea. METHODS: A total of 29 patients with upper eyelid chalazion were included in this study. All patients underwent preoperative and postoperative detailed ophthalmological examinations including scale of chalazion size; IOP (IOPcc and IOPg), corneal hysteresis, and corneal resistance factor measurements using ocular response analyser (ORA; Reichert Instruments, Depew, NY, USA); topographic and topometric properties of the cornea using Pentacam HR (Oculus GmbH, Wetzlar, HE, Germany). Preoperative and postoperative measurements were compared. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 29.07 ± 13.74 years (18-54 years). The mean IOPcc was 15.82 ± 4.20 mmHg preoperatively and 14.72 ± 3.96 mmHg postoperatively, and the mean IOPg was 15.21 ± 3.91 mmHg preoperatively and 14.21 ± 4.02 mmHg postoperatively (p = 0.020, p = 0.007, respectively). The mean central keratoconus index (CKI) was 1.006 ± 0.01 preoperatively and 1.002 ± 0.01 postoperatively (p = 0.035). Other biomechanical, keratometric, topographic, and topometric parameters were similar before and after the surgery (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to suggest that IOP and CKI are decreased after the removal of upper eyelid chalazion.

Corneal Densitometry: A New Technique for Objective Assessment of Corneal Clarity in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the corneal clarity quantitatively by using corneal densitometry in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) and to compare the results with those of healthy control subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Corneal densitometry measurement of patients with bilateral PES and healthy control subjects was carried out by Scheimpflug corneal topography (PentacamHR). For densitometry analysis, the 12-mm diameter area of the cornea was subdivided into 4 concentric radial zones (0 to 2, 2 to 6, 6 to 10, 10 to 12 mm) and also into anterior, central, and posterior layers based on corneal depth. Corneal densitometry measurements were expressed in gray scale unit and only the data from the right eyes of subjects were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 176 patients [89 with PES (52 male, 37 female) and 87 healthy control subjects (52 male, 35 female)] were enrolled in the study. There was no significant difference between the mean corneal densitometry values at anterior 120 µm, central, and posterior 60 µm of the cornea in all concentric radial zones (P>0.05 for all). Corneal densitometry was positively correlated with age in both groups (r=0.558, P<0.001 in PES; r=0.584, P<0.001 in control group). CONCLUSIONS: Corneal densitometry that enables the objective assessment of corneal clarity was found to be similar in patients with bilateral PES and healthy control subjects. It is positively correlated with increasing age in both groups. However, microstructural changes that contribute to the corneal densitometry and the clinical relevance of these findings should be further highlighted in future studies.