Lymphocyte-related ratios, systemic immune-inflammatory and systemic inflammatory response index in alcohol use disorder.

Addictive disorders are associated with systemic and central nervous system inflammation, which may be important for the onset and development of these diseases. Although lymphocyte-related parameters have recently been studied in alcohol use disorder (AUD), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) haven't. Lymphocyte-related ratios, SII and SIRI levels were evaluated between AUD and healthy controls (HC) in this study. It was a retrospective and cross-sectional study. This study included 72 patients with AUD and 184 individuals in the HC group. Lymphocyte related ratios such as neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), SII and SIRI values were compared. Compared to HC group, NLR (p < 0.001), MLR (p < 0.001), and SIRI (p < 0.001) levels were significantly higher in AUD group. There was also a significant relationship between NLR and AST/ALT ratio in the AUD group (p = 0.022). The results of this study support that AUD is a chronic inflammatory psychiatric disorder. In addition, it may be useful to evaluate these markers in relation to liver enzymes in patients with AUD, as alcohol consumption causes liver damage. These markers may also be used in future studies to assess treatment response and disease severity.

Sikisma: An Alternative Information Design Project for Ihlamur Pavilions Istanbul.

Sikisma is a transmedia information design project, which focuses on Ihlamur Pavilions and Ihlamur area. Ihlamur hosts Ihlamur Pavilions since 19th Century. It is located within Besiktas district in Istanbul. Nowadays the buildings belong to TBMM (The Grand National Assembly of Turkey) National Palaces and used as a Museum- Café. There is a conventional wayfinding & signage system for outdoor areas of the Pavilions. The system also includes two separate boards focusing on the history of Ihlamur and Ihlamur Pavilions. However, the information provided on these boards seems inadequate and the boards are physically damaged. According Universal Design approach it is possible to achieve good and functional design and solve the inadequacy problem by physically fixing information boards and re-setting the environment around the information boards according to Universal Design principles. Although, these principles provide solutions for important issues such as mobility, stability and accessibility, it doesn't provide sufficient proof of user engagement in terms of the creation of the content. The project Sikisma offers an approach, which is concerned with content as with form and suggests that it is possible to infer a universal form from the content created through personal experience of the designer as a user. It is also intended to represent the past and the present through the project and to create an understanding of plausible scenarios of the unknown future in the viewers' mind.