Laser-nucleus reactions: population of states far above yrast and far from stability.

Nuclear reactions induced by a strong zeptosecond laser pulse are studied theoretically in the quasiadiabatic regime where the photon absorption rate is comparable to the nuclear equilibration rate. We find that multiple photon absorption leads to the formation of a compound nucleus in the so-far unexplored regime of excitation energies several hundred MeV above the yrast line. At these energies, further photon absorption is limited by neutron decay and/or induced nucleon emission. With a laser pulse of ≈ 50 zs duration, proton-rich nuclei far off the line of stability are produced.

Interocular amplitude differences of multifocal electroretinograms obtained under monocular and binocular stimulation conditions.

PURPOSE: To compare the interocular amplitude differences of the multifocal electroretinograms (mfERGs) evoked by either monocular or binocular stimulation in healthy subjects with good vision. METHODS: Thirty-five subjects were included in the study. A Roland Consult RETIscan system was used. DTL electrodes were employed. First, the right and left eyes were stimulated separately, then, binocular stimulation was applied. The amplitudes of the scalar products were averaged over five concentric retinal regions (rings). RESULTS: The interocular amplitude differences were 21.55% (SD: ±12.72) under monocular conditions and 18.69% (SD: ±11.64) under binocular conditions. No significant differences were found between the amplitudes and variability values obtained under either monocular or binocular stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provided no evidence for the advantage of either binocular or monocular stimulating conditions in obtaining mfERGs. A considerable side difference was found between the mfERGs of the two eyes in almost all individual cases.

[Operability of pancreatic carcinoma, surgical experience]. / A pancreas-carcinoma operabilitása, sebészi kezelésének tapasztalatai.

The authors analyse and evaluate the clinical records of 251 patients operated on during the last 14 years for pancreatic cancer, comparing the results with data in the literature. Among the surgical procedures there were 42 resections of the pancreas, 106 palliative bypass operations and 103 explorative laparotomies. The rate of resectability was 16.7% considering the whole period but it was 21.5% for the second seven-year period. The mortality rate of the palliative and resection operations was 14.2% and 14.3 respectively, it was the highest after explorative laparotomies (22.3%). Among the palliative operations choledochojejunostomy came into prominence opposed to cholecystojejunostomy, however choledochoduodenostomy was the most frequent operation. The authors did not routinely perform GEA together with biliary bypass surgery. As to the radical operations, pylorus preserving pancreatoduodenectomy was applied in the greatest numbers (22 from 42). Late survival after resection operations, palliative procedures and laparotomies was 15.2, 5.6 and 2.1 months respectively. On the basis of the early results and survival times the authors regard it necessary to perform resection operations instead of the palliative procedures.