Reduced Graphene-Oxide-Doped Elastic Biodegradable Polyurethane Fibers for Cardiomyocyte Maturation.

Conductive biomaterials offer promising solutions to enhance the maturity of cultured cardiomyocytes. While the conventional culture of cardiomyocytes on nonconductive materials leads to more immature characteristics, conductive microenvironments have the potential to support sarcomere development, gap junction formation, and beating of cardiomyocytes in vitro. In this study, we systematically investigated the behaviors of cardiomyocytes on aligned electrospun fibrous membranes composed of elastic and biodegradable polyurethane (PU) doped with varying concentrations of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Compared to PU and PU-4%rGO membranes, the PU-10%rGO membrane exhibited the highest conductivity, approaching levels close to those of native heart tissue. The PU-rGO membranes retained anisotropic viscoelastic behavior similar to that of the porcine left ventricle and a superior tensile strength. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) and human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) on the PU-rGO membranes displayed enhanced maturation with cell alignment and enhanced sarcomere structure and gap junction formation with PU-10%rGO having the most improved sarcomere structure and CX-43 presence. hiPSC-CMs on the PU-rGO membranes exhibited a uniform and synchronous beating pattern compared with that on PU membranes. Overall, PU-10%rGO exhibited the best performance for cardiomyocyte maturation. The conductive PU-rGO membranes provide a promising matrix for in vitro cardiomyocyte culture with promoted cell maturation/functionality and the potential for cardiac disease treatment.

Acute Myopericarditis Secondary to Chagas Disease.

American trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease is predominantly a vector-borne multisystemic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan parasite transmitted by triatomine bugs in endemic areas such as Mexico and Central and South America. Acute T. cruzi infection is mostly asymptomatic, nonetheless, in up to one-third of the patients, a mild form of the disease can be present, with nonspecific manifestations like fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, inflammation at the inoculation site (inoculation chancre) and unilateral palpebral edema (Romaña sign). Severe acute disease occurs in less than 1% of patients and includes myopericarditis and meningoencephalitis. If untreated, the acute phase can cause chronicity with cardiac and gastrointestinal involvement. We report the case of a female with occupational exposure to this parasite, who presented with acute myopericarditis, a rare form of presentation of this disease.

Understanding the effect of fermentation time on physicochemical characteristics, sensory attributes, and volatile compounds in green tea kombucha.

Kombuchas are a trend in the fermented beverage field and the effect of fermentation time on their characteristics is necessary to better understand the process, mainly concerning volatile compounds, which are scarce information in the current literature. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the features of green tea kombucha during fermentation, monitoring the changes in pH, acidity, turbidity, polyphenols, ethanol, acetic acid, volatile compounds, and sensory profile and acceptance up to 14 days of fermentation. Kombuchas' pH and acidity decreased through time as expected, but after 4 days of fermentation, the beverage exceeded the Brazilian legal limits of acidity (130 mEq/L) and produced more than 0.5% AVB, which labels the beverage as alcoholic. Total polyphenols and condensed tannins content enhanced until the seventh day of fermentation and remained constant. Fermentation highly impacted the aroma of the infusion with a high formation of volatile acids, such as alcohols, esters, and ketones. Aldehydes were degraded during the bioprocess. Sensory characterization of kombucha showed that fermentation of 4 days increased perceived turbidity; vinegar, citric fruit, acid, and alcoholic aroma; and produced the beverage with sour, bitter, and vinegar flavor. Thus, the fermentation time of kombuchas must be controlled as they rapidly change and impact on the physicochemical parameters and sensory profile of the beverage can be negative.

Giant Mature Ovarian Cystic Teratoma in a Pediatric Patient: Case Report and Literature Review.

Mature cystic teratomas, also called dermoid cysts, are the most common germ-cell ovarian neoplasms in children. On average, ovarian dermoid cysts are slow-growing neoplasms with a mean size between 6.4 and 7.0 cm that enlarge at a rate of 1.8 mm/year; however, these can reach large dimensions. Giant ovarian tumors are defined as those having a maximum diameter equal to or more than 15 cm; these represent a therapeutic challenge as they increase the risk of wide wound size and surgical invasiveness. In this paper, we present a case of a 10-year-old Hispanic female that complained of abdominal pain, distension, and nausea. Physical examination revealed a mass on the left side of the abdomen and an axial computed tomography found a large pelvic tumor extending to the abdominal region. After a laparotomy approach, pathology evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of mature cystic teratoma. The patient recovered thoroughly and had no complications at a 6-month follow-up. We conducted a literature review including English and Spanish reports about giant ovarian teratomas; we retrieved 16 cases from 2003 to 2023. We concluded that giant ovarian tumors may be underreported, particularly in resource-limited areas where tumors might grow unrecognized, and that English-language bias might play a substantial role in literature reviews involving case reports and case series.

Nimbolide Inhibits SOD2 to Control Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Growth and Metastasis.

Reactive oxygen species are frequently associated with various cancers including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is an enzyme that plays an important role in reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. Investigating the molecular function and biological functions of SOD2 can help us develop new therapeutic options and uncover new biomarkers for PDAC diagnosis and prognosis. Here, we show that nimbolide (NB), a triterpene limonoid, effectively blocks the growth and metastasis of PDACs by suppressing the expression and activity of SOD2. To identify the role of SOD2 in NB-induced anticancer activity, we used RNA interference to silence and plasmid transfection to overexpress it. Silencing SOD2 significantly reduced the growth and metastatic characteristics like epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasion, migration, and colony-forming capabilities of PDACs, and NB treatment further reduced these characteristics. Conversely, the overexpression of SOD2 enhanced these metastatic characteristics. ROS signaling has a strong feedback mechanism with the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which could be mediated through SOD2. Finally, NB treatment to SOD2-overexpressing PDAC xenografts resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. Overall, this work suggests that NB, a natural and safe phytochemical that silences SOD2 to induce high levels of ROS generation, results in increased apoptosis and reduced growth and progression of PDACs. The role of SOD2 in regulating NB-induced ROS generation presents itself as a therapeutic option for PDACs.

Estilos de vida y alimentación relacionados con el estado nutricional y el riesgo de DM2 en mujeres jóvenes de dos universidades colombianas

Objetivo: Analizar los estilos de vida y alimentación relacionados con el estado nutricional y el riesgo de DM2 y en mujeres estudiantes de dos universidades colombianas. Métodos: Estudio de tipo descriptivo, transversal, multidimensional y exploratorio, realizado en una muestra fue de 220 mujeres, estudiantes de nutrición y dietética (NyD) seleccionadas por muestreo aleatorio de proporciones. Se aplicó un cuestionario para identificar variables sociodemográficas, estilos de vida relacionados con alimentación y el riesgo DM2 según test FINDRISC; se determinó el IMC, perímetro de cintura (PC), porcentaje de grasa e índice de sustancia corporal activa (IAKS). Se realizó análisis bivariado, utilizando Statgraphics v.16, se aplicó la prueba chi2 con 95% de confianza y significancia estadística (p <0,05). Resultados: El sobrepeso y obesidad según IMC (21,4%) mostró significancia estadística con la frecuencia de consumo de bebidas azucaradas, productos de paquete, azúcares y dulces, comidas rápidas y bebidas alcohólicas; estas dos prácticas alimentarias se relacionaron con el riesgo cardiovascular muy alto por PC y con el porcentaje de grasa excesivo que además presentó significancia con el tiempo excesivo en pantallas; el IAKS se relacionó con la clasificación de la actividad física (AF). Según la prueba de FINDRISC, el 91% presentaron factores de riesgo de DM2; el 20,5% presentó riesgo medio y el 2,3% alto. Conclusiones: Los estilos de vida y alimentación se relacionaron con indicadores antropométricos: el peso corporal, la distribución de la grasa y la composición corporal; son factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de DM2 en mujeres jóvenes. Es necesario promover factores protectores para mantener un peso saludable.

Objective: To analyze the lifestyles and diet related to nutritional status and the risk of DM2 and in female students of two Colombian universities. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, multidimensional and exploratory study, carried out in a sample of 220 women, nutrition and dietetic (NaD) students selected by random medsampling of proportions.[1]. A questionnaire was applied to identify sociodemographic variables, lifestyles related to food and DM2 risk according to the FINDRISC test; BMI, waist circumference (WC), fat percentage, and active body substance index (IAKS) were determined. Bivariate analysis was performed using Statgraphics v.16, the chi2 test was applied with 95% confidence and statistical significance (p < 0.05). Results: Overweight and obesity according to BMI (21.4%) showed statistical significance with the frequency of consumption of sugary drinks, packaged products, sugars and sweets, fast foods and alcoholic beverages; These two eating practices were related to very high cardiovascular risk by waist circumference and excessive fat percentage, which also presented significance with excessive screen time; the IAKS was related to the classification of physical activity. According to the FINDRISC test, 91% had DM2 risk factors; 20.5% presented medium risk and 2.3% high. Conclusions: Lifestyle and diet were related to anthropometric indicators: body weight, fat distribution, and body composition; are risk factors for the development of DM2 in young women. It is necessary to promote protective factors to maintain a healthy weight.

Ultra-processed foods consumption as a promoting factor of greenhouse gas emissions, water, energy, and land use: A longitudinal assessment.

BACKGROUND: Dietary patterns can produce an environmental impact. Changes in people's diet, such as the increased consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) can not only influence human health but also environment sustainability. OBJECTIVES: Assessment of the impact of 2-year changes in UPF consumption on greenhouse gas emissions and water, energy and land use. DESIGN: A 2-year longitudinal study after a dietary intervention including 5879 participants from a Southern European population between the ages of 55-75 years with metabolic syndrome. METHODS: Food intake was assessed using a validated 143-item food frequency questionnaire, which allowed classifying foods according to the NOVA system. In addition, sociodemographic data, Mediterranean diet adherence, and physical activity were obtained from validated questionnaires. Greenhouse gas emissions, water, energy and land use were calculated by means of the Agribalyse® 3.0.1 database of environmental impact indicators for food items. Changes in UPF consumption during a 2-year period were analyzed. Statistical analyses were conducted using computed General Linear Models. RESULTS: Participants with major reductions in their UPF consumption reduced their impact by -0.6 kg of CO2eq and -5.3 MJ of energy. Water use was the only factor that increased as the percentage of UPF was reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Low consumption of ultra-processed foods may contribute to environmental sustainability. The processing level of the consumed food should be considered not only for nutritional advice on health but also for environmental protection. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN, ISRCTN89898870. Registered 05 September 2013, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870.

Spatial distribution and network morphology of epicardial, endocardial, interstitial, and Purkinje cell-associated elastin fibers in porcine left ventricle.

Cardiac extracellular matrices (ECM) play crucial functional roles in cardiac biomechanics. Previous studies have mainly focused on collagen, the major structural ECM in heart wall. The role of elastin in cardiac mechanics, however, is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the spatial distribution and microstructural morphologies of cardiac elastin in porcine left ventricles. We demonstrated that the epicardial elastin network had location- and depth-dependency, and the overall epicardial elastin fiber mapping showed certain correlation with the helical heart muscle fiber architecture. When compared to the epicardial layer, the endocardial layer was thicker and has a higher elastin-collagen ratio and a denser elastin fiber network; moreover, the endocardial elastin fibers were finer and more wavy than the epicardial elastin fibers, all suggesting various interface mechanics. The myocardial interstitial elastin fibers co-exist with the perimysial collagen to bind the cardiomyocyte bundles; some of the interstitial elastin fibers showed a locally aligned, hinge-like structure to connect the adjacent cardiomyocyte bundles. This collagen-elastin combination reflects an optimal design in which the collagen provides mechanical strength and elastin fibers facilitate recoiling during systole. Moreover, cardiac elastin fibers, along with collagen network, closely associated with the Purkinje cells, indicating that this ECM association could be essential in organizing cardiac Purkinje cells into "fibrous" and "branching" morphologies and serving as a protective feature when Purkinje fibers experience large deformations in vivo. In short, our observations provide a structural basis for future in-depth biomechanical investigations and biomimicking of this long-overlooked cardiac ECM component.

The Optimization of Operating Conditions in the Cross-Flow Microfiltration of Grape Marc Extract by Response Surface Methodology.

The recovery of valuable compounds like phenolic compounds and sugars from grape marc extracts implies different steps, including clarification. In this study, a response surface methodology (RSM) was used as a statistical tool to study the effects of operating conditions such as transmembrane pressure (TMP), temperature and feed flow rate on the performance of a microfiltration (MF) monotubular ceramic membrane with a pore size of 0.14 µm in the clarification of grape marc extract from the Carménère variety, as well to optimize the process conditions by implementing the Box-Behnken statistical design. The desirability function approach was applied to analyze the regression model equations in order to maximize the permeate flux and concentration of malvidin-3-O-glucoside, glucose and fructose in the clarified extract. The optimal operating conditions were found to be 1 bar, 29.01 °C and 5.64 L/min. Under these conditions, the permeate flux and concentration of malvidin-3-O-glucoside, glucose and fructose resulted in 65.78 L/m2h, 43.73 mg/L, 305.89 mg/L, and 274.85 mg/L, respectively.

Estudio de validación de la versión chilena de la Evaluación Cognitiva Dinámica de Terapia Ocupacional de Loewenstein (DLOTCA) / Estudo de validação da versão chilena do Loewenstein Dynamic Cognitive Assessment of Occupational Therapy (DLOTCA) / Validation study of the Chilean version of the Dynamic Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (DLOTCA)

Resumen Objetivo Validar la traducción al español chileno de la décima versión en inglés de la Dynamic Loewestein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment para ser utilizado en la población chilena. Método Se realizó la tradución de el DLOTCA al español chileno. Se realizó un pilotaje para la aplicación del instrumento, para lo cual se reclutó a 40 personas adultas con una media de 42,7 años, con diversos daños cerebrales y compuesto por un 70% de mujeres y un 30% de hombres. Para evaluar la confiabilidad del instrumento se calculó el Alfa de Cronbach como medida de Consistencia Interna, aplicando 3 perspectivas, "Fiabilidad Ítem-Total", "Fiabilidad Ítem-Dominio", y "Fiabilidad Dominio-Total". Para medir la Factibilidad se identificó el porcentaje de ítems no contestados por la muestra, y el porcentaje de ítems que es identificado en las pruebas cognitivas como comprendido. Resultados La fiabilidad Ítem-Total arrojó un Alpha de Cronbach 0,953, lo que se traduce en excelente confiabilidad. La fiabilidad Ítem-Dominio, estuvo mayormente entre excelente y buena, existiendo una fiabilidad débil para los factores "orientación temporal" y "percepción visual". La fiabilidad Dominio-Total arrojó un Alpha de Cronbach 0,810 lo que se traduce en una buena confiabilidad. Finalmente, con relación a la factibilidad, los participantes respondieron el 100% de los ítems, evidenciando la accesibilidad de la traducción. Conclusiones El DLOTCA traducido al español chileno; presenta una alta confiabilidad, lo que permite obtener resultados con muy bajos sesgos, convirtiéndose en un instrumento que puede ser utilizado de manera pertinente en la población chilena.

Resumo Objetivo Validar a tradução para o espanhol chileno da décima versão em inglês do Dynamic Loewestein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (DLOTCA), para uso na população chilena. Método Após a tradução para o espanhol chileno, foi realizado um teste piloto para a aplicação do instrumento, para o qual foram recrutados 40 adultos com idade média de 42,7 anos, com lesões cerebrais diversas e composto por 70% de mulheres e 30% de homens. Para avaliar a confiabilidade do instrumento, calculou-se o Alfa de Cronbach como medida de Consistência Interna, aplicando-se três perspectivas, "Confiabilidade Item-Total", "Confiabilidade Item-Domínio" e "Confiabilidade Total-Domínio". Para medir a viabilidade, identificou-se o percentual de itens não respondidos pela amostra e o percentual de itens identificados nos testes cognitivos como compreendidos. Resultados A confiabilidade Item-Total apresentou um Alfa de Cronbach de 0,953, o que se traduz em excelente confiabilidade. A confiabilidade item-domínio ficou principalmente entre excelente e boa, com confiabilidade fraca para os fatores "orientação temporal" e "percepção visual". A confiabilidade Domínio-Total rendeu um Alfa de Cronbach de 0,810, o que se traduz em boa confiabilidade. Por fim, em relação à viabilidade, os participantes responderam 100% dos itens, evidenciando a tradução ser acessível. Conclusão A DLOTCA, traduzida para o espanhol chileno, apresenta uma alta confiabilidade, o que permite obter resultados com vieses muito baixos, tornando-se um instrumento que pode ser utilizado de forma pertinente na população chilena.

Abstract Objective To validate the Chilean Spanish translation of the tenth English version of the Dynamic Loewestein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment for use in the Chilean population. Method The translation into Chilean Spanish was carried out, and then a pilot test was carried out for the application of the instrument, for which 40 adults were recruited with an average age of 42.7 years, with various brain damages and made up of 70% women and 30% men. To evaluate the reliability of the instrument, Cronbach's Alpha was calculated as a measure of Internal Consistency, applying 3 perspectives, "Item-Total Reliability", "Item-Domain Reliability", and "Domain-Total Reliability". To measure feasibility, the percentage of items not answered by the sample is identified, and the percentage of items that is identified in the cognitive tests as understood. Results The Item-Total reliability yielded a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.953, which translates into excellent reliability. Item-Domain reliability was mostly between excellent and good, with weak reliability for the factors "time orientation" and "visual perception". The Domain-Total reliability yielded a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.810, which translates into good reliability. Finally, in relation to feasibility, the participants answered 100% of the items, evidencing the translation to be accessible. Conclusion The DLOTCA translated into Chilean Spanish; it presents a high reliability, which allows obtaining results with very low biases, becoming an instrument that can be used in a pertinent way in the Chilean population.

Single-Chain Fragment Variable: Recent Progress in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy.

Cancer remains a public health problem worldwide. Although conventional therapies have led to some excellent outcomes, some patients fail to respond to treatment, they have few therapeutic alternatives and a poor survival prognosis. Several strategies have been proposed to overcome this issue. The most recent approach is immunotherapy, particularly the use of recombinant antibodies and their derivatives, such as the single-chain fragment variable (scFv) containing the complete antigen-binding domains of a whole antibody that successfully targets tumor cells. This review describes the recent progress made with scFvs as a cancer diagnostic and therapeutic tool, with an emphasis on preclinical approaches and their potential use in clinical trials.

Recombinant Attenuated Salmonella enterica as a Delivery System of Heterologous Molecules in Cancer Therapy.

Over a century ago, bacterial extracts were found to be useful in cancer therapy, but this treatment modality was obviated for decades. Currently, in spite of the development and advances in chemotherapies and radiotherapy, failure of these conventional treatments still represents a major issue in the complete eradication of tumor cells and has led to renewed approaches with bacteria-based tumor therapy as an alternative treatment. In this context, live-attenuated bacteria, particularly Salmonella enterica, have demonstrated tumor selectivity, intrinsic oncolytic activity, and the ability to induce innate or specific antitumor immune responses. Moreover, Salmonella enterica also has strong potential as a delivery system of tumor-associated antigens, cytotoxic molecules, immunomodulatory molecules, pro-apoptotic proteins, and nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells, in a process known as bactofection and antitumor nanoparticles. In this review, we present the state of the art of current preclinical and clinical research on the use of Salmonella enterica as a potential therapeutic ally in the war against cancer.

Linfadenitis tuberculosa en niños: Revisión sistemática de reportes de caso

Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sistemática de casos de linfadenitis tuberculosa en niños publicados en la literatura hasta abril de 2022. Materiales y Métodos: Se buscó reportes de casos de linfadenitis tuberculosa por M. tuberculosis en niños, en las bases de datos de Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, LILACs, Ovid MEDLINE, EBSCO y BMJ Case Reports. Resultados: Se seleccionó 41 reportes, que informaron 46 pacientes. La mayoría fueron varones (52,2%), de 8,5 (5-12) años, con tiempo de enfermedad de 2 (1-5) meses. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron linfadenopatía palpable (60,9%), fiebre (52,2%) y tos (26,1%). También se encontró pérdida de peso (17,4%), escrófula (15,2%), dificultad respiratoria (13%), hiporexia (13%), dolor localizado (13%), exantema cutáneo (13%), sudoración nocturna (4,3%), dolor abdominal (4,3%) e ictericia (2,2%). Los ganglios cervicales fueron los más comprometidos (71,4%). Solo 17,4% tuvo compromiso pulmonar asociado. El PPD fue positivo en 77,1%, la baciloscopia en 17,2%, la histopatología en 94,1% y el cultivo en 58,8%. Conclusiones: La linfadenitis tuberculosa en niños fue más frecuente en varones, entre 5 y 12 años, inmunizados por BCG y sin contacto conocido de tuberculosis. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron linfadenopatía palpable, fiebre y tos. Además, se presentaron cuadros atípicos con dificultad respiratoria, dolor localizado, exantema cutáneo, dolor abdominal e ictericia. Los ganglios cervicales fueron los más afectados. El estudio histopatológico fue la prueba con mayor sensibilidad diagnóstica detectando el 94,1% de casos.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review of tuberculous lymphadenitis cases in children published until April 2022. Materials and methods: Case reports of tuberculous lymphadenitis by M. tuberculosis in children were searched in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, LILACs, Ovid MEDLINE, EBSCO, and BMC Case Reports databases. Results: Forty-one reports were selected and a total of 46 patients were included. The majority were males (52,2%) of 8,5 (5-12) years old. The time of disease was 2 (1-5) months. The most frequent clinical manifestations were palpable lymphadenopathy (60,9%), fever (52,2%) and cough (26,1%). Weight loss (17,4%), scrofula (15,2%), respiratory distress (13%), hyporexia (13%), localized pain (13%), skin rash (13%), night sweats (4.3%), abdominal pain (4.3%) and jaundice (2,2%) were also founded. Cervical nodes were most frequently involved (71,4%). Only 17,4% were associated with lung involvement. PPD was positive in 77.1%, bacilloscopy in 17.2%, histopathology in 94,1% and culture in 58,8%. Conclusions: Tuberculous lymphadenitis in children was more frequent in boys, between 5 and 12 years, immunized by BCG and without known contact with tuberculosis. The principal symptoms were palpable lymphadenopathy, fever and cough. However, atypical symptoms were respiratory difficulty, localized pain, skin rash, abdominal pain, and jaundice. Cervical nodes were the most affected. The test with greatest sensitivity was the histopathological study which detected 94,1% of cases.

Ejercicio físico y el riesgo de cáncer hepático / Physical exercise and the risk of hepatic cancer

RESUMEN Introducción. El hígado es el mayor órgano sólido, desempeña muchas funciones en el cuerpo. El ejercicio físico es valorado como una intervención no farmacológica eficiente en el fomento del bienestar físico, mental y funcional de pacientes con cáncer. Objetivos. Determinar los efectos del ejercicio físico en el cáncer hepático y sintetizar estudios prospectivos sobre la asociación de la actividad física y el ejercicio físico con el riesgo de cáncer de hígado. Metodología. Revisión sistemática con análisis retrospectivo y descriptivo de artículos científicos publicados en bases de datos indexadas de enero del año 2008 a junio del 2019. Así mismo, se llevó a cabo la selección y evaluación de los archivos por medio de la Declaración de PRISMA, PICO, Cochrane y escala de PEDro. Resultados. Se encontró que la actividad física se asocia con un riesgo reducido de desarrollar cánceres de hígado (IC95%: 0,38-0,80). El ejercicio aeróbico redujo los lípidos hepáticos (grasa hepática 8.9±3.2 a 5.6±1.8%; p <0.05, grasa visceral 54,7±6,0 a 49,6±5,5cm2; p <0,05) y el ejercicio de resistencia aumentó la sensibilidad a la insulina (5.9±5.9 a 4.6±4.6 vs 4.7±2.1 a 5.1±2.5; p<0.05), mejoró la flexibilidad metabólica (-0.0206±0.010 vs 0.004±0.003; p<0.05). Conclusiones. La actividad física y el ejercicio representan un papel importante dentro de la enfermedad del cáncer, ya que se asocia con un menor riesgo de desarrollarlo, así como aminorar la sintomatología que conlleva en especial el cáncer hepático.

ABSTRACT Introduction. The liver is the largest solid organ; it performs many functions in the body. Physical exercise is valued as an efficient non-pharmacological intervention in the promotion of physical, mental and functional well-being of cancer patients. Objectives: To determine the effects of physical exercise on liver cancer and synthesize prospective studies on the association of physical activity and physical exercise with the risk of liver cancer. Methodology. Systematic review with retrospective and descriptive analysis of scientific articles published in indexed databases from January 2008 to June 2019. Likewise, the selection and evaluation of the archives was carried out through the Declaration of PRISMA, PICO, Cochrane and PEDro´s scale. Results. It was found that physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of developing liver cancers (95%CI 0.38-0.80). Aerobic exercise reduced liver lipids (liver fat 8.9±3.2 to 5.6±1.8%; p<0.05, visceral fat 54.7±6.0 to 49.6±5.5cm2; p<0.05) and resistance exercise increased insulin sensitivity (5.9 ± 5.9 to 4.6±4.6 vs. 4.7±2.1 to 5.1±2.5; p <0.05), improved metabolic flexibility (-0.0206± 0.010 vs. 0.004±0.003; p <0.05). Conclusions. Physical activity and exercise represents an important role in cancer disease, since it is associated with a lower risk of developing it, as well as reduce the symptoms which is especially associated with liver cancer.

Diferencia de la incidencia de los efectos adversos, entre la primera y la segunda dosis de la vacuna Pfizer/Biontech en el personal de salud / Difference in the incidence of adverse effects between the first and second doses of thr Pfizer/Biontech vaccine in health workers

Objetivo: comparar la incidencia de los efectos adversos entre la primera y segunda dosis de la vacuna Pfizer/BioNTech en personal de salud. Material y métodos: estudio transversal analítico en trabajadores de salud que recibieron la primera y segunda dosis de la vacuna COVID-19 de Pfizer/BioNTech. La muestra fue de 540 pacientes. la comparación del promedio de síntomas en la primera y segunda dosis se realizó con la prueba de Wilcoxon para dos poblaciones. Resultados: los síntomas locales fueron estadísticamente diferentes entre la primera y la segunda dosis (Wilcoxon = 2,78, p = 0,005). El promedio de síntomas sistémicos en la primera dosis fue estadísticamente superior en los pacientes con antecedente de COVID-19 que en aquellos que no lo presentaron (Mann-Withney = 4,36, p = 0,006). Conclusión: hubo diferencia en la sintomatología local, siendo mayor en la primera dosis. Los pacientes con antecedente de COVID-19 tienen una mayor expresión de síntomas sistémicos tras la primera dosis.

Adaptación al español chileno de la Evaluación Cognitiva Dinámica de Terapia Ocupacional de Loewenstein (DLOTCA) / Adaptação Transcultural para o espanhol chileno da Avaliação Cognitiva Dinâmica de Terapia Ocupacional de Loewenstein (DLOTCA) / Adaptation to Chilean Spanish of Dynamic Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (DLOTCA)

Resumen Objetivo Adaptar la décima versión en inglés de la Dynamic Loewestein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment al español chileno. Método Se realizó adaptación al español del manual de aplicación de DLOTCA. El proceso siguió las pautas generales para la traducción y adaptación de instrumentos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), con traducción directa, panel de discusión de expertos, retrotraducción, pruebas previas y entrevistas cognitivas con usuarios. Resultados Se obtuvo una traducción directa al español por dos terapeutas ocupacionales bilingües que fue sometida a ajustes por un panel de expertos compuesto por 6 terapeutas ocupacionales, del total de 28 sub test el comité de expertos no tuvo discrepancia en 20 de ellos, de los 8 restantes se realizaron modificaciones. Se realiza una retrotraducción de la versión obtenida, donde solo hubo discrepancias con un término lo que fue resuelto por el equipo investigador. Finalmente se aplicó una prueba previa/pre test a 13 personas adultas con daño cerebral, los ajustes en esta etapa fueron ortográficos y de sustitución de algunos términos por palabras más comúnmente utilizados en la lengua chilena, verificando la consistencia en la comprensión de los ítems independientemente de los resultados obtenidos. Se produjeron tres versiones antes de la versión final, todas las etapas se desarrollaron de manera sistemática, logrando una traducción comprensible y consistente con la población chilena. Conclusiones Finalmente se ha puesto a disposición de la comunidad científica una versión en español chileno del instrumento DLOTCA.

Resumo ObjetivoAdaptar a décima versão em inglês do Dynamic Loewestein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment para o espanhol chileno. MétodoO manual de aplicação DLOTCA foi adaptado para o espanhol. O processo seguiu as diretrizes gerais para tradução e adaptação de instrumentos da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), com tradução direta, painel de discussão de especialistas, retrotradução, pré-testes e entrevistas cognitivas com os usuários. ResultadosA tradução direta para o espanhol foi obtida por dois terapeutas ocupacionais bilíngues que foi submetida a ajustes por um painel de especialistas composto por 6 terapeutas ocupacionais, do total de 28 subtestes, o comitê de especialistas não apresentou discrepância em 20 deles, das quais 8 modificações restantes foram feitas. Foi realizada a retrotradução da versão obtida, com apenas discrepâncias com um termo, o que foi resolvido pela equipe de pesquisa. Por fim, uma prova prévia / pré-teste foi aplicado a 13 adultos com lesão cerebral, os ajustes nesta etapa foram de grafia e substituição de alguns termos por palavras mais utilizadas na língua chilena, verificando a consistência na compreensão dos itens, independentemente dos resultados obtidos. Três versões foram produzidas antes da versão final, toda as etapas foram desenvolvidas de forma sistemática, alcançando uma tradução compreensível e consistente para a população chilena. Conclusões: Uma versão em espanhol chileno do instrumento DLOTCA foi finalmente disponibilizada para a comunidade científica.

Abstract Objective To adapt the tenth version in English of the Dynamic Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment to Chilean Spanish. Method The DLOTCA application manual was adapted into Spanish. The process followed the general guidelines for the translation and adaptation of instruments of the World Health Organization (WHO), with direct translation, a panel discussion of experts, back translation, pre-tests, and cognitive interviews with users. Results A direct translation into Spanish was obtained by two bilingual occupational therapists that were subjected to adjustments by a panel of experts composed of 6 occupational therapists, of the total of 28 sub-tests, the expert committee had no discrepancy in 20 of them, of which 8 remaining modifications were made. A back translation of the version obtained is carried out, where there were only discrepancies with one term, which was resolved by the research team. Finally, a pre-test was applied to 13 adults with brain damage, the adjustments in this stage were spelling and substitution of some terms for words more commonly used in the Chilean language, verifying the consistency in the understanding of the items independently of the results obtained. Three versions were produced before the final version, all stages were developed in a systematic way, achieving an understandable and consistent translation with the Chilean population. Conclusions A version in Chilean Spanish of the DLOTCA instrument has finally been made available to the scientific community.

Atypical Association of Autoimmune Limbic Encephalitis with Anti-NMDA Receptor Antibodies in a Young Male Patient: Clinical, Imaging, and Neuropsychological Characteristics.

The spectrum of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) encompasses several entities characterized by a variable frequency of psychiatric symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, focal deficits, and seizures. Although patients with AE can be categorized in specific syndromes, overlapping manifestations are also common. Furthermore, atypical correlations between clinical phenotypes and autoantibody profiles could occur in rare cases. Here, we report the rare case of a young adult man attending due to new-onset seizures and a history of memory loss, autonomic disturbances, headache, behavioral changes, and visual and olfactory hallucinations. The patient was subjected to a complete diagnostic approach that included a comprehensive laboratory workup, neuropsychological testing, electroencephalogram, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, brain MRI, and positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan that revealed a functional and structural compromise of the bilateral medial temporal lobes. Together with the clinical manifestations of the patient, these findings were compatible with the diagnosis of autoimmune limbic encephalitis (ALE). Strikingly, further analysis of the CSF showed autoantibodies against the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. We found very few cases of the co-occurrence of anti-NMDA receptor antibodies and nonparaneoplastic ALE in the literature, especially in male patients. Our report exemplifies the complicated differential diagnosis of ALE and adds clinical information of the association with anti-NMDA receptor antibodies.

A differential subcellular localization of two copper transporters from the COPT family suggests distinct roles in copper homeostasis in Physcomitrium patens.

The moss Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens is a bryophyte that provides genetic information about the adaptation to the life on land by early Embryophytes and is a reference organism for comparative evolutionary studies in plants. Copper is an essential micronutrient for every living organism, its transport across the plasma membrane is achieved by the copper transport protein family COPT/CTR. Two genes related to the COPT family were identified in Physcomitrella patens, PpaCOPT1 and PpaCOPT2. Homology modelling of both proteins showed the presence of three putative transmembrane domains (TMD) and the Mx3M motif, constituting a potential Cu + selectivity filter present in other members of this family. Functional characterization of PpaCOPT1 and PpaCOPT2 in the yeast mutant ctr1Δctr3Δ restored its growth on medium with non-fermentable carbon sources at micromolar Cu concentrations, providing support that these two moss proteins function as high affinity Cu + transporters. Localization of PpaCOPT1 and PpaCOPT2 in yeast cells was observed at the tonoplast and plasma membrane, respectively. The heterologous expression of PpaCOPT2 in tobacco epidermal cells co-localized with the plasma membrane marker. Finally, only PpaCOPT1 was expressed in seven-day old protonema and was influenced by extracellular copper levels. This evidence suggests different roles of PpaCOPT1 and PpaCOPT2 in copper homeostasis in Physcomitrella patens.

Counterfactual thinking and recency effects in causal judgment.

People tend to judge more recent events, relative to earlier ones, as the cause of some particular outcome. For instance, people are more inclined to judge that the last basket, rather than the first, caused the team to win the basketball game. This recency effect, however, reverses in cases of overdetermination: people judge that earlier events, rather than more recent ones, caused the outcome when the event is individually sufficient but not individually necessary for the outcome. In five experiments (N = 5507), we find evidence for the recency effect and the primacy effect for causal judgment. Traditionally, these effects have been a problem for counterfactual views of causal judgment. However, we argue that an extension of a recent counterfactual model of causal judgment explains both the recency and the primacy effect. In line with the predictions of our extended counterfactual model, we also find that, regardless of causal structure, people tend to imagine the counterfactual alternative to the more recent event rather than to the earlier one. Moreover, manipulating this tendency affects causal judgments in the ways predicted by this extended model: asking participants to imagine the counterfactual alternative to the earlier event weakens the interaction between recency and causal structure, and asking participants to imagine the counterfactual alternative to the more recent event strengthens the interaction between recency and causal structure. We discuss these results in relation to work on counterfactual thinking, causal modeling, and late-preemption.

Recovery of Anthocyanins and Monosaccharides from Grape Marc Extract by Nanofiltration Membranes.

Wastewaters and by-products generated in the winemaking process are important and inexpensive sources of value-added compounds that can be potentially reused for the development of new products of commercial interest (i.e., functional foods). This research was undertaken in order to evaluate the potential of nanofiltration (NF) membranes in the recovery of anthocyanins and monosaccharides from a clarified Carménère grape marc obtained through a combination of ultrasound-assisted extraction and microfiltration. Three different flat-sheet nanofiltration (NF) membranes, covering the range of molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) from 150 to 800 Da, were evaluated for their productivity as well as for their rejection towards anthocyanins (malvidin-3-O-glucoside, malvidin 3-(acetyl)-glucoside, and malvidin 3-(coumaroyl)-glucoside) and sugars (glucose and fructose) in selected operating conditions. The selected membranes showed differences in their performance in terms of permeate flux and rejection of target compounds. The NFX membrane, with the lowest MWCO (150-300 Da), showed a lower flux decay in comparison to the other investigated membranes. All the membranes showed rejection higher than 99.42% for the quantified anthocyanins. Regarding sugars rejection, the NFX membrane showed the highest rejection for glucose and fructose (100 and 92.60%, respectively), whereas the NFW membrane (MWCO 300-500 Da) was the one with the lowest rejection for these compounds (80.57 and 71.62%, respectively). As a general trend, the tested membranes did not show a preferential rejection of anthocyanins over sugars. Therefore, all tested membranes were suitable for concentration purposes.