Validation of portable electronic equipment (Accutrend® Plus) to determine glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides in rats (Rattus) and dogs (Canis lupus familiaris).

Objective: This study aimed to validate the analytical precision of the Accutrend® Plus portable electronic equipment (PE) to determine glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG) in rats and dogs using the conventional laboratory method (CM) as a reference. Materials and Methods: To determine the analytical accuracy of the Accutrend® Plus in the measurement of GLU, CT, and TG. The EP-9-A2 guide (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute), Bland-Altman graphical analysis, and Lin's correlation coefficient of concordance (CCC) were implemented. Results: The average differences (p > 0.05) between PE and CM for GLU, TC, and TG were 2.21, 1.20, and 0.72 mg·dl-1, respectively, in rats and 1.06, 4.30, and 2.41 mg·dl-1, respectively, in dogs (p > 0.05). Both methods showed a linear relationship with Pearson's correlation coefficients > 0.96 and R 2 > 0.97 for the three biochemical indicators evaluated in both species. The GLU, TC, and TG values obtained by the PE were substantial, as evident from Lin's CCC > 0.96. Conclusion: The PE Accutrend® Plus is potent for monitoring GLU, TC, and TG in rats and dogs because of its precision and ability to facilitate measurement by reducing stress in animals during sampling.

Hemoglobin A1c, hemoglobin glycation index, and triglyceride and glucose index: Useful tools to predict low feed intake associated with glucose intolerance in lactating sows.

The aim of the present study was to evaluated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), the hemoglobin glycation index (HGI), and triglyceride and glucose (TG) index as predictive indicators for low feed intake in lactating sows due to glucose intolerance. Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) was included in sow diets as a modulating factor of glucose. Thirty-six sows were separated into three groups (Gs). Although the three groups received a conventional diet during gestation and lactation, 2.0 kg per sow per day of steam-cooked cactus (G1) and fresh cactus (G2) were added to the lactation diet as a glycemic modulating factor, with G3 serving as the control group. Glycemia was assessed via glucometer (blood glucose concentrations), HbA1c and HGI. For each indicator of glycemia the triglycerides and glucose (TG) index was evaluated. The highest blood glucose concentration was observed on day 3 of lactation (88.2 mg/dL). The average glycemic concentrations obtained from HbA1c on farrowing day (61.6 mg/dL) and day 21 of lactation (65.6 mg/dL) were lower (p<0.05) than those measured by a glucometer on the same days (71.8 and 77.7 mg/dL for farrowing day and day 21 of lactation, respectively). At farrowing, the TG index obtained from the HGI indicated that 83.0% of sows were glucose intolerant, compared to 100% according to the TG index obtained from a glucometer. At weaning, 50% of G2 did not show glucose intolerance when the TG index was calculated using the HGI, compared to 54% when it was calculated with blood glucose concentrations measured by a glucometer. All G3 sows presented glucose intolerance, regardless of the test used. The HbA1c, HGI, and TG index tests are viable alternatives to predict low feed intake due to glucose intolerance in lactating sows.

Effect of the pigmentation, shine, weight, and shape index of the quail egg (Coturnix coturnix japonica) on the hatchability rate.

OBJECTIVE: The influence of the degree of pigmentation, shine, weight, and form index on the hatchability rate of quail eggs (Coturnix coturnix japonica) was examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three thousand three hundred eggs were incubated after they were classified according to the degree of shell pigmentation: high (HP), medium (MP), and low (LP); shell shine: shiny (SS), and opaque; Egg weight: <11, 11.0-11.9, 12.0-12.9, and >13 gm; form index: <78% and >78%. The Mann-Whitney non-parametric test for independent samples was used to evaluate hatching data. RESULTS: Hatchability was best in eggs with HP and SS (p < 0.05): 69.2% and 75.7%, respectively; eggs with MP had the lowest hatchability rate (63.1%). The highest risk of embryo death (17.8%) was observed in eggs containing LP (p < 0.05). Eggs weighing between 12 and 12.9 gm had the highest hatchability rate (p < 0.05) (79.11%). Eggs with a form index >78% had the highest hatchability rate (p < 0.05) (67.62%). CONCLUSIONS: HP, MP shell eggs, and SS eggs with a weight of between 12.0 and 12.9 gm and a shape index of greater than 78% have a higher hatchability rate.

Effect of the addition of cactus (O. ficus-indica) to the lactating sows' diet on piglet development at lactation and post-weaning.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the effect of cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) to the lactating sows' diet on piglet development at lactation and post-weaning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four litters of hybrids sows were evaluated in this study. The sows were divided into two groups: Control (CG), sows fed conventionally and experimental (EG), sows fed with commercial fed plus cactus. Post-weaning, the piglets of both groups were monitored up to the 20 kg liveweight (LW). It was evaluated, lactation (in sows): feed intake (FI), milk production (MP), and quality (MQ) and LW of the piglet. Post-weaning (in piglets): FI, LW, and length of intestinal villi (LIV) at 0, 24 h, and 42 days post-weaning. RESULTS: FI sow-1 was higher in EG (p < 0.05). MP, MQ, and LW piglet-1 at weaning were equal (p > 0.05). FI piglet-1 in the sixth and eighth week of age was higher in EG (p < 0.05); at the end of weaning phase, EG presented higher LW (p < 0.05): 8.4% more. LIV of the jejunum were higher (p < 0.05) in EG at 48 h (28.8%) and 42 days post-weaning (29.9%). At day 0, post-weaning LIV of the descending portion was higher (p < 0.05) in CG (1,571.0 µm) versus EG (1,058.0 µm). At day 42, post-weaning LIV of the transverse portion was higher (p < 0.05) in EG: 23.7% higher. CONCLUSION: Cactus intake in lactating sows does not affect the piglet development. However, post-weaning piglets present higher LIV in jejunum and transverse portion, aspect that improves LW.

Seguridad vial y peatonal: una aproximación teórica desde la política pública: [revisión] / Road and pedestrian’s security: a theoretical approach from public politics: [review] / Segurança vial e do pedestre: uma aproximação teórica desde a politica pública: [revisão]

Introducción: la seguridad vial se constituye en una de las grandes preocupaciones de los países donde, por los procesos acelerados de desarrollo y expansión de las ciudades, sobresalen los vehículos sobre los peatones. Objetivo: analizar el despliegue de los elementos que involucran el componente teórico y de políticas públicas en el accionar de esfuerzos conjuntos, para reconocer la articulación de los diferentes actores de la sociedad involucrados en la problemática. Materiales y métodos: se revisaron exhaustivamente las bases de datos de Proquest, Hinari, Ovid, Lilacs, Medline y el índice bibliográfico de Scielo. Se acopió una lista de palabras clave relacionadas con el tema motivo de la revisión e incluidas en la ventana de observación desde la década de los 60 hasta la actualidad; se captaron aproximadamente 35 publicaciones que reunían los requerimientos del caso. Resultados: se evidencia desde los años 60 la sinergia de la triada del componente humano, el entorno medioambiental y el relacionado con los vehículos para explicar la génesis de los accidentes viales. Un cuarto elemento es el concepto de exposición, definido como la probabilidad de que se presente un evento de acuerdo con la distancia recorrida; además, está la concepción poblacional y el análisis de la accidentalidad vial desde la visión holística, y la necesidad de incluir el componente del consenso o pacto social. Las políticas públicas de seguridad vial han tratado el concepto de cultura ciudadana como el proceso de los ciudadanos para comprender reglas y normas de forma voluntaria, con el fin de lograr niveles de convivencia ciudadana. Conclusiones: plantear las políticas públicas de seguridad vial y peatonal incluyentes e integrales que amplíen el enfoque conductual humano, de exposición y de factores ambientales a un enfoque poblacional, de cultura ciudadana y de visión social del riesgo. Es necesario pensar lo público desde los pactos sociales establecidos con políticos y entes gubernamentales, en el contexto local y municipal, con el fin de que se logre la concordancia con los elementos que lo componen.

Introduction: road security constitutes a great worry in those countries where, because of the accelerated city development and expansion processes, cars exceed pedestrians. Objective: To analyze the display of the elements that involve the theoretical and public policies component in the activation of joint efforts to recognize the articulation of different society actors involved in the problem. Materials and method: Proquest, Hinari, Ovid, Lilacs, Medline y the Scielo bibliographic index were exhaustedly reviewed. A list of keywords related to the topic which motivated this review which have been included in the observation window since the decade of the 60’s to date. Approximately 35 publications were captured which met the case requirements. Results: It is evident since the 60’s the synergy of the triad: human component, environment setting and that related to the vehicles to explain the genesis of road accidents. A fourth element is the exposure concept defined as the probability to have an event depending on the distance traveled; besides, there is the population conception and the road accident frequency analysis from the holistic view and the need to include the consensus or social pact component. The road security public policies have dealt with the concept of citizen culture as the process through which citizens understand rules and regulations in a voluntary way in order to reach the levels of citizen coexistence. Conclusions: It is necessary to propose road and pedestrian inclusive, comprehensive, security policies that widen the human behavioral environmental factor approach towards a population, citizen culture, and social risk view approach. It is necessary to think the public aspect from the social pacts established with politicians and governmental entities in the local and municipal contexts in order to achieve concordance with the elements that constitute it.

Introdução: a segurança viária se constrói em uma das grandes preocupações dos países onde, pelos procesos acelerados de desenvolvimento e expansão das cidades, sobressaem os veículos sobre os pedestres. Objetivo: analisar o desdobramento dos elementos que envolvem o componente teórico e de políticas publica no acionar de esforços conjuntos, para reconhecer a articulação dos diferentes atores da sociedade envolvidos na problemática. Materiais e métodos: revisaram se exaustivamente as bases de dados de Proquest, Hinari, Ovid, Lilacs, Medline e o índice bibliográfico de Scielo. Acumulou se uma lista de palavras chave relacionadas com o tema motivo da revisão e incluídas na janela de observação desde a década dos 60 até a atualidade; se captaram aproximadamente 35 publicações que reuniam os requerimentos do caso...

Conocimientos y prácticas relacionadas con la seguridad peatonal en escolares de quinto grado de instituciones educativas oficiales: Manizales / Knowledge and practices related with pdestrian safety in fifth graders from public educational institutions: Manizales / Conocimentos e praticas relacionadas com a segurança pedestre em escolares de quinto grau de institucões educativas oficiais: Manizales

Objetivo: identificar los conocimientos y algunas prácticas relacionadas con la seguridad peatonal en los escolares de grado quinto de las instituciones educativas oficiales de la zona urbana de Manizales, matriculados en el año 2009. Material y método: investigación de enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo; marco muestral: 4.831 escolares de ambos sexos, de quinto grado, de 44 instituciones educativas oficiales de la zona urbana de Manizales. Muestreo probabilístico con una confiabilidad del 95%, margen de error del 5%, proporción estimada de 0,7 para una muestra de 336 estudiantes. Resultados: escolares entre los 10 y 14 años de ambos sexos, (DE=2,41, media de 10,10 años), de bajo estrato socioeconómico. El 89% de la población estudiada tenía seguridad social en el momento del estudio. Del total de participantes (n=336), el 84% conocían las señales de tránsito relacionadas con hombres trabajando, la señal de prohibido el paso a peatones (81%), ciclistas en la vía (77%); llama la atención que las señales de zona escolar sólo la conocían el 29% y la de paradero de buses, el 44%. Respecto a infraestructura vial, los escolares expresaron que cerca a sus casas y colegios son escasos los pasos y puentes peatonales. El profesor es el adulto significativo en procesos de aprendizaje de normas viales seguido de los padres. Consideraron los semáforos dañados o apagados como las situaciones más peligrosas al atravesar una calle, seguida de la falta de éstos; prefieren el juego en calles cercanas a sus casas ante la ausencia de parques. Conclusiones: por su condición de escolares, los participantes del estudio se exponen varias veces al día a situaciones de peligro al cruzar calles. Preocupa la falta de infraestructura vial suficiente, como pasos y puentes peatonales y la presencia de semáforos dañados o apagados. Las concepciones y lo que subyace en algunas prácticas peatonales de escolares de contextos urbanos, son una estrategia para incidir en políticas públicas incluyentes de formación en cultura ciudadana, desde la perspectiva de promoción de la salud, la seguridad humana, el respeto, las responsabilidades y los derechos como peatón.

Objective: To identify the knowledge and some practices related with pedestrian safety in fifth graders from public educational institutions registered in 2009 in the urban area of Manizales. Material and method: Quantitative, descriptive type research; target population: 4,831 fifth grade students, both male and female, from 44 public educational institutions in the urban area of Manizales. Probability sampling with a reliability margin of 95%, error margin of 5%, estimate percentage of 70%, for a 336 students sample using the statistics program Stast was found. Results: Students between 10 and 14 years of both sexes (DE=2,41, media 10,10 years) from low socioeconomic status. 89% of the population studied had social security at the time of the study. From the total participants (n = 336), 84% were aware of the traffic signs related to men working, the pedestrian walk away sign (81%), cyclists on the road (77%). What attracts the attention is that only 29% of the students knew the school zone signs and 44% knew the bus stop signs. As far as the road infrastructure is concerned, the students said that near their houses and schools there are few pedestrian crosses and pedestrian bridges. The teacher is the meaningful adult in the road safety learning after the parents. They considered damaged or turned off traffic lights as the most dangerous situations to cross a street, followed by the absence of traffic lights. They prefer to play on streets close to their houses because of the absence of parks where to play. Conclusions: because of their condition as students, the participants in the study expose themselves several times during the day to the danger of crossing streets. The lack of sufficient road infrastructure including pedestrian crossings and pedestrian bridges, as well as damaged or turned off traffic lights is worrying. The conceptions and what underlies in some urban contexts students pedestrian practices are a strategy to have a bearing on inclusive public policies for citizen education from the perspective of health promotion, human security, respect, responsibilities and rights of pedestrians.

Objetivo: identificar os conhecimentos e algumas práticas relacionadas com a segurança pedestre nos escolares de grau quinto das instituições educativas oficiais da zona urbana de Manizales, matriculados no ano 2009...

Prevalencia de depresión e ideación suicida en estudiantes de 8º, 9º, 10º y 11º grado, en ocho colegios oficiales de Manizales / Prevalencia de depressão e idea suicida em estudiantes de 8º, 9º, 10º e 11º grau, en oito escolas oficiais de Manizales / Prevalence of depression and suicidal thoughts in students from 8th to 11th grade in eight public high schools in Manizales

En años recientes, las instituciones de salud, de orden administrativo y de asistencia, se vienen preocupando por el incremento en la ideación suicida in la población escolar de la ciudad de Manizales. Según los datos del Boletín Epidémico, Manizales 2001, en el periodo entre 1996 y 1999, 93 personas se suicidaron, de los cuales 78 eran hombres y 15 mujeres. El mayor número de suicidios en términos absolutos fue visto en el grupo de edad entre los 15 y 24 años, (11 jóvenes por cada 100.000 habitantes). Dado que la depresión es el mayor factor de riesgo para el suicidio, fue escogido como el problema objeto de este estudio. El estudio se concentró en aspectos teóricos tales como: salud, principios biológicos, cambios psicológicos y sociales en los años de adolescencia, aspectos de la depresión en adolescentes, epidemiología, categorías de ideación suicida, el significado del suicidio en adolescentes, señales de alerta, factores de riesgos, tratamiento y prevención. El objetivo general del estudio era determinar la prevalencia, grado de depresión e ideación suicida en estudiantes de los grados 8º, 9º, 10º y 11º de ocho colegios oficiales de Manizales durante los años 2000, 2001, primer semestre del 2002, y 2003. Fue una investigación empírico-analítica, diseño descriptivo relacional. Las variables dependientes fueron: depresión e ideación suicida; las variables independientes fueron: grado escolar, edad, sexo, colegio y comuna. Se realizó una asociación entre estos dos grupos de variables. Para la recolección de los datos, se aplicó el Cuestionario de Depresión de Beck (BDI). La muestra se compuso de la población total de los ocho colegios de los grados mencionados, 1298 estudiantes de ambos sexos, entre las edades de 9 y 20. Se encontró una...

In recent years, administrative and assistance health institutions, have become concerned with the increase of suicidal behavior in the school population of the city of Manizales. According to data of the Epidemic Bulletin, Manizales 2001, in the period between 1996 and 1999, 93 people committed suicide, of which 78 were men and 15 women. The highest number of suicides in absolute terms was seen in the age group 15-24 (11 youths per each 100.000 inhabitants). Since depression is the main risk factor for suicide, it was chosen as the problem object of this study. The research focused on theoretical topics such as: health, biological principles, psychological and social changes in the teenage years, depression aspects in teenagers, epidemiology, suicidal behavior categories, meaning of suicide in teenagers, alert signs, risk factors, treatment and prevention. The general objective of the study was to determine the prevalence, depression grade and suicidal tendencies in 1298 students from the 8th to 11th grade of eight public schools of Manizales during 2000, 2001, first semester of 2002, and 2003. The study was an empiric-analytic research, in which a descriptive relational design was used. The dependent variables were depression and suicidal tendencies, and the independent variables included: age, sex, educational level, school and commune. An association was made among these two groups of variables. For gathering the data, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used. The sample was represented by the total population of the mentioned school grades, 1298 students of both sexes, between the ages of 9 and 20. The results showed that 38.8% presented a global clinical depression, the highest depression levels corresponded to the category of slight depression (21.3%); while 45% presented suicidal tendencies. The depression associations that were statistically significant...

Prevalencia de la depresión, ansiedad y comportamiento suicida en la población estudiantil de pregrado de la Universidad de Caldas, año 2000 / Prevalence of depresión, anxiety and suicidal behavior among pregraduate. Students in the University of Caldas, Year 2000

A una muestra de 625 estudiantes de los diferentes programas académicos, seleccionados se les aplicaron los inventarios de ansiedad y depresión de Beck y una encuesta semiestructurada. Fue una investigación cuantitativa y transversal con un diseño descriptivo.Las variables dependientes fueron depresión, ansiedad y comportamiento suicida. Las variables independientes fueron: edad, sexo, estado civil, facultad, programa, nivel académico y socioeconómico, actividad laboral, procedencia, residencia actual, pérdidas y satisfacción con la carrera. Se estableció una asociación entre estos dos conjuntos de variables. Para el análisis e interpretación de los datos se utilizó la estadística descriptiva e inferencial chicuadrada, tabla de contingencia 2 por 2. Se encontró una prevalencia del 49.8 por ciento para depresión, 58.1 por ciento para ansiedad y 41 por ciento para ideación suicida. Entre las asociaciones para depresión y ansiedad que resultaron estadísticamente significativas fueron Programa de Desarrollo Familiar; sexo femenino; pérdidas afectivas, académicas, económicas y de salud; insatisfacción con la carrera; dificultades en las relaciones con compañeros y docentes; responsabilidades académicas, y comportamiento suicida. Las asociaciones específicas para depresión fueron: apartamento compartido con compañero, intervalos de edad 40-44 y 15-19, y para ansiedad: período académico segundo año, todos los grupos de edad y estratos socioeconómicos uno y dos. Para suicidio resultaron estadísticamente significativas las siguientes asociaciones programa de Filosofía y Letras y Diseño Visual categorías de interés por alta frecuencia, Educación Física y Biología y Química categorías de interés por baja frecuencia; período académico primer año; pérdidas afectivas, académicas, económicas y de salud; satisfacción con la carrera categoría de interés por baja frecuencia; dificultad en las relaciones con compañeros y docentes; responsabilidades académicas, y apartamento compartido con compañeros...