Disfunción respiratoria crónica por hemorragia alveolar difusa en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico y vasculitis primaria / Chronic respiratory disfunction due to diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and primary vasculitis

Antecedentes: La hemorragia pulmonar (HP) se presenta en el 2 al 5% de los pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) y puede alcanzar una mortalidad del 70 al 90%. Los criterios para el diagnóstico de HP son: a) infiltrados alveolares en 3 cuartas partes de los campos pulmonares en la radiografía de tórax; b) insuficiencia respiratoria de inicio agudo, y c) descenso de la hemoglobina > 3 g/dl. La HP puede conducir a neumonía organizada, depósito de colágeno en vías aéreas pequeñas y, consecuentemente, fibrosis pulmonar, lo cual puede alterar la función pulmonar con cambios obstructivos o restrictivos. Objetivo: Establecer, mediante pruebas de funcionamiento respiratorio (PFR), si existen alteraciones en la función respiratoria después de haber presentado una HP. Métodos: Se incluyó a pacientes con LES o con vasculitis primaria que presentaron HP. En el momento de la HP, se determinó actividad con SLEDAI para los pacientes con LES, «five factor store» (FFS) para poliangitis microscópica (PAM) y «Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Store» (BVAS) para granulomatosis con poliangitis (GP) (Wegener). Se determinaron el número de eventos de HP, el tratamiento utilizado y el requerimiento de asistencia mecánica ventilatoria (AMV) para determinar su probable asociación con las alteraciones de la función respiratoria medidas por pletismografía y/o espirometría. Resultados: Se incluyó a 10 pacientes, 7 con LES y 3 con vasculitis primaria (2 con PAM y uno con GP (Wegener). La media ± desviación estándar de SLEDAI fue de 20,4 ± 7,5, la de FFS 2 y la de BVAS 36. Un paciente presentó 2 episodios de HP y otro 5. El tratamiento fue metilprednisolona (MPD) en 3 pacientes, MPD más ciclofosfamida (CFM) en 6 pacientes y MPD, CFM, inmunoglobulina por vía intravenosa y plasmaféresis en un paciente. Cinco pacientes requirieron AMV. Se encontró disfunción pulmonar en 8 pacientes; 3 tuvieron patrón obstructivo y 5 patrón restrictivo; 2 tuvieron PFR normales. No se encontró asociación significativa entre las variables y las alteraciones de la función respiratoria. Conclusión: La HP causa alteraciones de la función respiratoria en un alto porcentaje de pacientes y es probable que se requiera tratamiento inmunosupresor a largo plazo una vez resuelto el episodio agudo(AU)

Background: Pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) occurs in 2-5% of SLE patients, and is associated with a high mortality rate (79-90%). Diagnostic criteria for this complication include: 1) Pulmonary infiltrates, with at least ¾ of lung tissue involved in a chest x ray, 2) Acute respiratory failure, 3) A decrease of 3 g/dL or more in hemoglobin levels. PH might lead to organized pneumonia, collagen deposition, and pulmonary fibrosis which in time might cause changes in pulmonary function tests with either restrictive or obstructive patterns. Aim: To evaluate the existence of abnormalities in pulmonary function tests after a PH episode. Methods: We included patients with SLE and primary vasculitis that developed PH. During the acute episode, we measured SLEDAI in SLE patients, five factor score in microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Store (BVAS) in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) (Wegener). We determined the number of PH events, treatment, and ventilator assistance requirements and correlated its association with abnormal pulmonary function tests. Results: We included 10 patients, 7 with SLE, 2 with MPA and 1 with GPA (Wegener). The mean activity measures were: SLEDAI 20.4 ± 7.5, FFS 2, and BVAS 36. Treatment consisted in methylprednisolone (MPD) in 3 patients, MPD plus cyclophosphamide (CY) in 6 patients, and MPD, CY, IV immunoglobulin, and plasmapheresis in one patient. Five patients required ventilatory support. We found abnormalities in pulmonary function tests in 8 patients, three had an obstructive pattern and five a restrictive pattern; 2 patients did not show any change. We did not find a significant association with any of the studied variables. Conclusion: PH might cause abnormalities in pulmonary function tests and prolonged immunosuppressive treatment could be required(AU)

Chronic respiratory disfunction due to diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and primary vasculitis.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) occurs in 2-5% of SLE patients, and is associated with a high mortality rate (79-90%). Diagnostic criteria for this complication include: 1) Pulmonary infiltrates, with at least ¾ of lung tissue involved in a chest x ray, 2) Acute respiratory failure, 3) A decrease of 3g/dL or more in hemoglobin levels. PH might lead to organized pneumonia, collagen deposition, and pulmonary fibrosis which in time might cause changes in pulmonary function tests with either restrictive or obstructive patterns. AIM: To evaluate the existence of abnormalities in pulmonary function tests after a PH episode. METHODS: We included patients with SLE and primary vasculitis that developed PH. During the acute episode, we measured SLEDAI in SLE patients, five factor score in microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Store (BVAS) in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) (Wegener). We determined the number of PH events, treatment, and ventilator assistance requirements and correlated its association with abnormal pulmonary function tests. RESULTS: We included 10 patients, 7 with SLE, 2 with MPA and 1 with GPA (Wegener). The mean activity measures were: SLEDAI 20.4 ± 7.5, FFS 2, and BVAS 36. Treatment consisted in methylprednisolone (MPD) in 3 patients, MPD plus cyclophosphamide (CY) in 6 patients, and MPD, CY, IV immunoglobulin, and plasmapheresis in one patient. Five patients required ventilatory support. We found abnormalities in pulmonary function tests in 8 patients, three had an obstructive pattern and five a restrictive pattern; 2 patients did not show any change. We did not find a significant association with any of the studied variables. CONCLUSION: PH might cause abnormalities in pulmonary function tests and prolonged immunosuppressive treatment could be required.