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Background: pulse oximetry is a widely accepted procedurefor ventilatory monitoring during gastrointestinal endoscopy, butthis method provides an indirect measurement of the respiratoryfunction. In addition, detection of abnormal ventilatory activitycan be delayed, especially if supplemental oxygen is provided.Capnography offers continuous real-time measurement of expiratorycarbon dioxide.Objective: we aimed at prospectively examining the advantagesof capnography over the standard pulse oximetry monitoringduring sedated colonoscopies.Patients and methods: fifty patients undergoing colonoscopywere simultaneously monitored with pulse oximetry and capnographyby using two different devices in each patient. Several sedationregimens were administered. Episodes of apnea or hypoventilationdetected by capnography were compared with the occurrence ofhypoxemia.Results: twenty-nine episodes of disordered respiration occurredin 16 patients (mean duration 54.4 seconds). Only 38% ofapnea or hypoventilation episodes were detected by pulse oximetry.A mean delay of 38.6 seconds was observed in the events detectedby pulse oximetry (two episodes of disturbed ventilationwere simultaneously detected by capnography and pulse oximetry).Conclusions: apnea or hypoventilation commonly occursduring colonoscopy with sedation. Capnography is more reliablethan pulse oximetry in early detection of respiratory depression inthis setting(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Capnografia/métodos , Capnografia/tendências , Insuficiência Respiratória/complicações , Insuficiência Respiratória/diagnóstico , Colonoscopia/tendências , Colonoscopia , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Estudos Prospectivos , Hipoventilação/complicações , Hipoventilação/diagnóstico , Apneia do Sono Tipo Central/complicaçõesRESUMO
Introduction: the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) varies widely according to geographical area and has beenreported to have increased in the last few years. No data are availableon the current incidence of this disease in Madrid (Spain).Aim: to determine the incidence of inflammatory bowel diseasein the area of influence of University Hospital Fundación Alcorcón(Madrid), and to compare our results with those from otherSpanish and European series.Patients and methods: a prospective, population-basedstudy was performed to determine the incidence of IBD in thearea of University Hospital Fundación Alcorcón in Madrid between2003 and 2005. Total population: 213,587 inhabitants(177,490 older than 14 years). Crude rates and age- and sex-specificrates adjusted to the European standard population were calculated.A retrospective study (1998-2003) was also performed.Results: a total of 69 cases were diagnosed Crohn´s disease(CD): 35, ulcerative colitis (UC): 33, indeterminate colitis: 1 inthe prospective period. Crude rates of CD and UC were 7.92 and7.47 cases/100,000 inhabitants/year, respectively (the populationaged 0-14 years). Specific rates were 8.0 (95% CI, 7.03-8.97) and 7.47 (95% CI, 6.5-8.4), respectively. Mean age at diagnosiswas 31.02± 10.76 and 39.91±16.19 years for CD andUC, respectively. Incidence in the retrospective study was 7.13and 6.22 cases/100,000 inhabitants/year, respectively for CDand UC.Conclusions: the incidence of CD and UC in Madrid has increasedin the last decades, with rates close to those in northernEuropean countries for CD, higher than those recently publishedin Spanish prospective studies and similar to those previously describedin Spain and southern countries for UC. Rates were higherin the prospective period than in the retrospective one(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/epidemiologia , Doença de Crohn/complicações , Doença de Crohn/diagnóstico , Monitoramento Epidemiológico/tendências , Espanha/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
No disponible
Assuntos
Humanos , Colite Ulcerativa , Enterocolite Pseudomembranosa , Megacolo TóxicoRESUMO
No disponible
