Effectiveness of strategies to improve adherence to physical therapy in patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of current strategies oriented to increase adherence to physical therapy in subjects with knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic review of electronic databases was conducted from inception until March 2023. Studies with experimental interventions using strategies to increase adherence to physical therapy programs in subjects with knee or hip OA were included. A meta-analysis compared the effects of such interventions with usual care for adherence-related measures (primary outcome), and functional and pain outcomes, using standardized mean differences (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). GRADE was used to determine the strength of the resultant evidence and the external validity of the findings. RESULTS: Fifteen articles, assessing 1,818 participants, were included. The interventions included cognitive-behavior strategies, telephone calls, internet-based interventions, communication technologies, and booster sessions. A meta-analysis revealed that the experimental interventions increased adherence over usual care with a moderate effect size of SMD = 0.39 (95%CI = 0.08-0.71) and moderate certainty in this evidence. CONCLUSION: Overall, this review supports that the strategies to promote adherence to physical therapy in individuals with knee and hip OA are effective. However, the positive impact on adherence rates does not always translate into improved clinical outcomes.

Strategies such us behavioral programs, phone reminders, telerehabilitation and equipment based on new technologies can be employed to enhance adherence to physical therapy among individuals with knee and hip osteoarthritis.These interventions may be also beneficial for improving self-reported functionality; however, their impact on performance-based function and pain appears to be limited.The potential for longer-duration interventions to enhance adherence in the long-term is a subject of speculation but requires further reinforcement through additional studies.

Patient, clinician, and performance-based measures provide different information about clinical symptoms in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis presenting with depressive symptoms: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Clinical status of subjects with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is influenced by a complex interaction of several biopsychosocial factors. The use of patient-reported measures (PROM) is considered the gold standard for their evaluation. However, considering that 1 in 5 subjects with KOA present with depressive symptoms, it is necessary to analyse how this psychological domain may influence the subjective perception of PROM. The objective was to study the impact that depressive symptoms have on functional outcome assessments, according to the degree of objectivity of diverse outcome measures. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Subjects with severe KOA, verified with clinical and radiological symptoms, were assessed with patient-reported (Oxford Knee Score), clinician-reported (knee range of motion), and performance-based (Timed up and go test) measures. The existence of depressive symptoms was assessed with the Yesavage scale, and participants were classified for having no-, mild- or severe-symptoms. Linear correlations (r) and one-way analysis of variance compared groups (95% CI). RESULTS: 244 participants were analysed, of which 75 (30.7%) had depressive symptoms. These symptoms had an inverse moderate association with Oxford Knee Score (r = -0.387). However, the correlation with the Timed up and go test was low (r = 0.176), while there was no correlation with knee ROM (r = -0.087). CONCLUSIONS: This study supports that patient-reported questionnaires may offer biased information on the clinical status of patients with severe knee osteoarthritis who present with depressive symptoms. Consideration of such symptoms may be critical to ensure data collected to accurately reflect patients' capacities and perceptions.

Effectiveness of using a chatbot to promote adherence to home physiotherapy after total knee replacement, rationale and design of a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Rehabilitation is essential to optimize outcomes after surgical procedures in musculoskeletal disorders. However, adherence to rehabilitation continues to be an important barrier, since compliance with the programs is not always as desired, which may have a negative impact on clinical results. METHODS: Randomized controlled trial aimed at to determining the effectiveness of using a virtual assistant (i.e., chatbot) to promote adherence to home rehabilitation. Overall, seventy patients under 75, undergoing total knee replacement, who have a personal smartphone and are familiar with its use, will be assigned into the control (standard care) or the experimental (standard care plus virtual assistant) group. Adherence (primary outcome) will be assessed three months after surgery. The WOMAC questionnaire, knee pain and system usability scale will be also outcomes of interest at three months and one year. Overall, an analysis of variance will look for possible time, group and time*group interactions. DISCUSSION: The expected result is to determine whether the use of a chatbot that interacts with the patient can increase adherence to post-surgical home physiotherapy, and result in better clinical results (functional and pain) than standard care. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov id. NCT05363137.

Fall classification, incidence and circumstances in patients undergoing total knee replacement.

To propose a fall-classification framework for patients undergoing total knee replacement (TKR). In addition, we reinforced the available evidence on fall incidence and circumstances and compared the characteristics of fallers versus. nonfallers. Retrospective and prospective data were collected from 253 subjects with severe knee osteoarthritis who were waiting for primary TKR. Falls were classified considering the location of the destabilizing force, source of destabilization and fall precipitating factor. Fall incidence and circumstances were described; the characteristics of fallers and nonfallers in terms of functional and balance performance were compared with F-tests (95% CI). The fall incidence before surgery was 40.3% (95% CI 34.2% to 46.6%). This figure decreased to 13.1% (95% CI 9.2% to 18.0%) and to 23.4% (95% CI 17.8% to 29.6%) at 6 and 12 months after surgery, respectively. Most falls were caused by destabilizations in the base of support (n = 102, 72%) and were due to extrinsic factors (n = 78, 76%) and trip patterns. Significant differences between fallers and nonfallers were found in knee extensor strength and monopodal stability in the surgical limb (p < 0.05). Falls are prevalent in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis. Symptoms and functional performance improve after surgery, and fall incidence is reduced. Most fall events originate from disruptions in the base of support and are precipitated by extrinsic factors, generally trips during walking activities.

The condition of the contralateral knee may induce different degrees of knee extensor strength asymmetry and affect functionality in individuals with unilateral or bilateral osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND: Loss of knee extensor strength in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) may induce inter-limb strength asymmetries and alter functionality. The aims were to analyse whether the condition of the uninvolved knee (advanced to severe KOA or no affection) may induce different degrees of knee extensor strength asymmetry in individuals with KOA and to study whether functionality may differ in cases of unilateral or bilateral KOA. METHODS: Sixty-eight subjects with advance-to-severe KOA were categorized into two groups (unilateral or bilateral KOA). The knee extensor strength ratio (KESR), and self-reported and performance-based functionality were analysed and compared. Sex and age were independent factors. One- and two-way analysis of variance assessed for significant between-group differences (95% confidence interval (CI)). RESULTS: Participants with unilateral KOA presented with 20% knee extensor strength asymmetry. The mean difference with the bilateral KOA group in terms of Knee Extensors Strength Ratio was 0.2 (95% CI 0-0.3; P = 0.021), of the Oxford Knee Scale score was 4.2 (95% CI 3.4-5.1; P = 0.037), and of the Timed Up and Go was 1.3 s (95% CI 0.5-2.2; P > 0.05). There were significant sex and age interactions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with unilateral or bilateral KOA present with different degrees of knee extensor strength asymmetry. The non-affected knee seems to help to better develop functional tasks in cases of unilateral condition. The findings may help the design of tailored strengthening interventions in which each knee condition in individuals with KOA should be considered.