RESUMO
The aim of this article was to explore the experiences and attitudes of people with HIV/AIDS. A systematic review of qualitative studies was carried out. Twenty-seven articles were included, with sample sizes ranging from 3 to 78. Articles from North America, South America, Central America, Europe, and Africa were included. Five topics emerged from the synthesis: feelings about the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS; stigma and HIV/AIDS; changes in sexual behavior after becoming infected; living with the virus; and pregnancy and motherhood in seropositive women. The moment of diagnosis is of vital importance for these people due to feelings such as disappointment, sadness, fear, despair, lack of awareness, and pain. Social support is highly valued among these people and is linked to an improvement in these peoples' quality of life. Different kinds of stigma accompany people with HIV/AIDS throughout their life, like social stigma, self-stigma, and health professionals' stigma. Seropositive women who decide to become mothers can feel frustration because they cannot breastfeed. Spirituality helps some people to deal with the fact of being a virus or disease carrier.
Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Atitude , Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Comportamento Sexual , Estigma Social , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , GravidezRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper was to describe the sociodemographic profile, the characteristics of clinical care received, the risk indicators and the prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) in an immigrant population attending a specialized center in Granada, as well as to analyse the association between the presence or absence of STI with the sociodemographic variables and risk indicators. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational and analytical study was conducted at the at the Center for Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Sexual Orientation in Granada, by reviewing the clinical records of 374 immigrants extracted from a sample of 1.455 records of subjects with a suspected of STI, corresponding to the period 2000-2014. Univariate analyses was conducted, bivariate analyses was conducted by using Mann-Whitney U and chi-square test, in addition to multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The mean age of individuals was 28,28 years (Dt=7,54). 69,3% were women and 30,7% were men, mainly from the Southern Common Market (39%) and the European Union (35.6%). 36.1% were professionals or former sex professionals, 34,5% had higher education and 79,9% were single. 70% of the cases had a positive diagnosis of STI, Human Papilloma Virus was the most prevalent infection. The number of partners in the last year (OR = 1,39; IC 95% = 1,12 - 1,74; p = 0,002) was significantly associated with the presence of STI. CONCLUSIONS: The sample, mainly women, sex workers or former sex workers, young people, from South America and Europe, has a high prevalence of infections and an increased risk as the number of partners increases in the last year.
OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el perfil sociodemográfico, las características de la atención clínica recibida, los indicadores de riesgo y la prevalencia de Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS) en la población inmigrant que acude a un centro especializado en ITS de la provincia de Granada, así como analizar la asociación entre la presencia o no de ITS con variables sociodemográficas e indicadores de riesgo. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal y analítico, elaborado en el Centro de Orientación y Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual de Granada. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 374 inmigrantes, extraídas de una muestra de 1.455 historias de sujetos con sospecha de padecer una ITS, correspondientes al periodo 2000-2014. Se realizó análisis univariante, bivariante mediante U de Mann-Whitney y test de chi cuadrado, además de regresión logística múltiple. RESULTADOS: La edad media de los sujetos fue de 28,28 años (Dt=7,54). El 69,3% eran mujeres y el 30,7% hombres, procedentes del Mercado Común del Sur (39%) y Unión Europea (35,6%), fundamentalmente. Un 36,1% eran profesionales o ex profesionales del sexo, un 34,5% tenía estudios superiores y un 79,9% eran solteros. Un 70% de los casos tuvo un diagnóstico positivo de ITS, siendo la más prevalente el Virus del Papiloma Humano. El número de parejas en el último año (OR=1,39; IC 95%=1,12-1,74; p=0,002) se asoció significativamente a la presencia de ITS. CONCLUSIONES: En la muestra, que es principalmente de mujeres, profesionales o ex profesionales del sexo, jóvenes, procedentes de Sudamérica y Europa, hay una prevalencia alta de ITS y un mayor riesgo a medida que aumenta el número de parejas en el último año.
