[MiR-99a inhibits proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma by targeting mTOR pathway].

PURPOSE: To investigate miR-99a expression and its effect on proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS: miRNA microarrays associated with OSCC were identified in GEO database. The expression levels of miR-99a were detected in 63 OSCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues and cell lines. The relationship between clinicopathological parameters and miR-99a expression was analyzed by using ANOVA analysis. The ability of cell growth and clone formation were examined in SCC9 and SCC25 cells transfected with miR-99a mimics. The target genes of miR-99a were predicted by Targetscan software. There resulting data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0 software package. RESULTS: The differently expressed miRNAs were analyzed based on GSE103931 microarray. miR-99a was significantly downregulated in OSCC tissues and cell lines. miR-99a expression was significantly associated with T stage, pathological grading and patients' prognosis. miR-99a overexpression inhibited OSCC cell proliferation and clone formation, while miR-99a inhibition contributed to decreased proliferation and clone formation ability. In addition, miR-99a combined with mTOR gene's 3'UTR was negatively correlated with mTOR expression in OSCC tissues. CONCLUSIONS: miR-99a functions as a tumor suppressor in OSCC and inhibits OSCC cell proliferation by targeting mTOR.

[Clinical study on united crowns or bridges for restoration of posterior teeth with insufficient maxillary bone by means of maxillary tuberosity dental implants].

PERPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effect of united crowns or bridges for restoration of posterior teeth with insufficient maxillary bone by means of tilted dental implants. METHODS: Patients who underwent dental implant surgery in posterior teeth with insufficient maxillary bone were collected and divided into two groups (40 in each group). Patients in the experimental group were treated with titled dental implantation, while patients in the control group were treated with maxillary sinus lifting. Implant retention, marginal bone loss, incidence of adverse reactions, time needed for implantation and cost were recorded and analyzed with SPSS 19.0 software package. RESULTS: After follow up of 2 year, the experimental group had a cumulative survival rate of 100%, marginal bone resorption was (0.31±0.27)mm on average, no sinusitis and massive haemorrhage were noted, The control group had a cumulative survival rate of 96.43%, marginal bone resorption was (0.28±0.26) mm on average, sinusitis and massive haemorrhage occurred in 9.5%,4.8% of patients, the difference was not statistically significant（P＞0.05）. In the experimental group, maxillary sinus mucosa perforation and postoperative pain occurred in 0%,7.5% of patients, duration of operation was （30.55±8.21）min, average cost of each implant was （6.9±0.5）thousand RMB; while in the control group, maxillary sinus mucosa perforation and postoperative pain occurred in 14.3%,28.6% of patients, duration of operation was （50.32±10.80）min, average cost of each implant was (0.98±0.06) thousand RMB, the difference was significant（P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to use united crowns or bridges for restoration of posterior teeth with insufficient maxillary bone by means of maxillary tuberosity dental implants.

Clinical effect of mouth floor approach intubation in jaw fracture combined with brain injury / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To explore the effects of mouth floor approach intubation in the treatment of jaw fracture combined with skull base injury.@*Methods @#From Jan. 2014 to Oct. 2015, 7 cases of jaw fracture combined with skull base injury were selected from Medical center of Stomatology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (FSTCM). All cases were treated with mouth floor approach intubation, because they were not suitable to be given the oral or nasal intubation anesthesia. @*Results @#All the patients healed well after operation, and there was no tube accident or other complications.@*Conclusions@# For patients of jaw fracture combined with skull base injury, the mouth floor approach intubation could be recommended as a supplementary choice for traditional intubation methods.

Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of long-acting non-ergot dopamine agonists in Parkinson's disease.

A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of long-acting non-ergot dopamine agonists (NEDA) versus placebo in Parkinson's disease (PD). A comprehensive literature search up to February 2013 was performed, and the weighted mean differences (WMD) and relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Nine RCT (n=2857) which assessed the rotigotine transdermal patch, extended-release pramipexole, and ropinirole prolonged-release, were included. Compared with placebo, long-acting NEDA achieved greater improvements in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale activities of daily living (ADL) score (WMD -1.77, 95% CI -2.13 to -1.41), motor score (WMD -4.18, 95% CI -4.94 to -3.43) and the ADL and motor subtotal score (WMD -5.12, 95% CI -6.16 to -4.07), as well as a reduction in "off" time (WMD -1.29, 95% CI -1.64 to -0.93) and an increase in "on" time without troublesome dyskinesia (WMD 1.55, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.04). Compared with placebo, long-acting NEDA were associated with a higher risk of nausea, but no difference was found in headache incidence. Higher risks of dizziness, somnolence, constipation, vomiting, and insomnia were only found in early PD while higher risks of dyskinesia and hallucination were only found in advanced PD. The results of our meta-analysis showed that the use of long-acting NEDA can reduce the symptoms of PD patients. However, long-acting NEDA were also associated with a higher incidence of adverse events, especially in early PD patients, compared with placebo.

Long-acting versus standard non-ergot dopamine agonists in Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of long-acting versus standard non-ergot dopamine agonists (NEDAs) in Parkinson's disease (PD), we performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library databases, and Web of Knowledge were searched up to November 20th 2013. The pooled weighted mean differences (WMDs) and relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS: Eight large-scale RCTs, involving 2402 patients, were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with the standard NEDAs, long-acting NEDAs exhibited similar improvements in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale activities of daily living (ADL) score (WMD 0.09, 95% CI -0.33 to 0.50), motor score (WMD -0.35, 95% CI -1.60 to 0.90), and "off" time (WMD 0.18, 95% CI -0.14 to 0.50). No differences were found in overall withdrawals (RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.32), withdrawals due to adverse events (RR 1.19, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.56), or the ten commonly reported adverse events between the two formulations. CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis showed long-acting NEDAs were noninferior to standard NEDAs in efficacy, tolerability, and safety in the treatment of PD.

Single nucleotide polymorphism of CD40 in the 5'-untranslated region is associated with ischemic stroke.

OBJECTIVES: Ischemic stroke is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. The CD40/CD40L system is related to proinflammatory and prothrombogenic responses, which are involved in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to evaluate association between the CD40 -1C/T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and ischemic stroke in a Chinese population. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study including 286 ischemic stroke patients and 336 controls. CD40 -1C/T SNP was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing methods, and evaluated its relevance to ischemic stroke susceptibility. RESULTS: Significantly increased ischemic stroke risk was found to be associated with the T allele of CD40 -1C/T (OR=1.273, 95% CI=1.016-1.594). The frequencies of CT and TT/CT genotypes of CD40 -1C/T in ischemic stroke patients were significantly higher than those of controls, respectively (for CT: OR=2.350, 95% CI=1.601-3.449; for TT/CT: OR=2.148, 95% CI=1.479-3.119). And, similar results were obtained after adjusting non-matched variables. We found that the frequency of carried T genotypes (TT and TT/CT) was significantly increased in patients with history of stroke compared with patients without (for TT: OR=6.538, 95%CI=1.655-25.833; for TT/CT: OR=3.469, 95%CI=1.031-11.670), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggested that the CD40 -1C/T polymorphism might contribute to the susceptibility to ischemic stroke in the Chinese population, and might be associated with history of previous stroke.

Rotigotine transdermal patch in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: The efficacy and safety of rotigotine transdermal patch in Parkinson's disease (PD) were studied in some clinical trials. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of rotigotine transdermal patch versus placebo in PD. RESULTS: Six randomized controlled trials (1789 patients) were included in this meta-analysis. As compared with placebo, the use of rotigotine resulted in greater improvements in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale activities of daily living score (weighted mean difference [WMD] -1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.18 to -1.19), motor score (WMD -3.86, 95% CI -4.86 to -2.86), and the activities of daily living and motor subtotal score (WMD -4.52, 95% CI -5.86 to -3.17). Rotigotine was associated with a significantly higher rate of withdrawals due to adverse events (relative risk [RR] 1.82, 95% CI 1.29-2.59), and higher rates of application site reactions (RR 2.92, 95% CI 2.29-3.72), vomiting (RR 5.18, 95% CI 2.25-11.93), and dyskinesia (RR 2.52, 95% CI 1.47-4.32) compared with placebo. No differences were found in the relative risks of headache, constipation, back pain, diarrhea, or serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis showed that the use of rotigotine can reduce the symptoms of PD. However, rotigotine was also associated with a higher incidence of adverse events, especially application site reactions, compared with placebo.

[The use of degloving approach in the treatment of nasal-orbital-ethmoid fracture].

PURPOSE: To explore the method and effect of degloving approach in the treatment of nasal-orbital-ethmoid(NOE) complex fracture surgery. METHODS: Eleven cases of unilateral nasal-orbital-ethmoid fracture(NOE) were selected from Medical Center of Stomatology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 6 were orbital fracture, 5 were nasal fracture. All the patients were treated open reduction and rigid internal fixation or rhinoplasty via midfacial degloving approach. RESULTS: Eleven patients were followed up for 3 to 12 months, all patients had transient nasal crusting and bleeding,1 case had traumatic epiphora, 4 cases had infraorbital temporary numbness,1 case of crooked nose. CONCLUSIONS: The degloving approach can achieve the advantages of a widely exposed field for operation,no facial scar,and no complications such as nasal vestibular stenosis. It is worthy of wide clinical application.

Interleukin-18 promoter polymorphism and asthma risk: a meta-analysis.

Some studies have shown that IL-18 was associated with aetiology and progression of asthma. However, the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms -607C/A (rs1946518) and -137G/C (rs187238) located in the IL-18 gene promoter and asthma risk was still controversial and ambiguous. To derive a more precise effect on the association between these polymorphisms and asthma risk, we performed a meta-analysis based on the currently available evidence of the literature. A total of 5 studies with 1411 cases and 1525 controls for -607C/A polymorphism and 5 studies with 1883 cases and 6645 controls for -137G/C polymorphism were identified to perform a meta-analysis, up to October 2010. Summary ORs and corresponding 95% CIs for IL-18 polymorphisms and asthma were estimated using fixed- and random-effects models when appropriate. Heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated. We found that individuals carrying AC/CC genotype of -607C/A polymorphism were associated with an increased asthma risk in recessive model (OR = 1.278; 95% CI, 1.073-1.522). However, no significant association was observed between -137G/C polymorphism and asthma risk under different contrast models. There was no evidence of publication bias. The present meta-analysis suggested that IL-18 -607C/A polymorphism in promoter region was associated with asthma risk.

[Clinicopathological features of multiple mucosal neuroma without multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIB].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinicopathological features of multiple mucosal neuromas without multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIB (non-MEN-IIB MMN). METHODS: Three cases of non-MEN-IIB MMNs were analyzed for the clinical manifestations and histopathological characteristics. RESULTS: All the 3 cases were females, age ranging from 30 to 45 years. Two cases of them involved in the laryngopharyngeal mucosa and another one located in the left margin of the tongue. Clinically, non-MEN-IIB MMNs presented with uncertain foreign body sensation, itching, vomiting and causalgia in the laryngopharyngeal areas. Mucosal papular lesions were treated by laser ablation or local surgical excision. The cases were respectively followed up for 6 to 20 months and found nothing. Histological examination showed the lesions were not encapsulated and contained irregular tortuous nerve bundles with undefined perineurium in the lamina propria. There were no nuclear palisade. Immunophenotype showed tumor cells strongly positive for vimentin, S-100, myelin specific enolase, CD56, neurofilament and neuron specific enolase, uniformly negative to CD34, CD117 and epithelial membrane antigen. CONCLUSIONS: Non-MEN-IIB MMN is a very rare disease and the possibility of MEN-IIB should be excluded before making diagnosis. The lesions located in the mucosal tissue with polyp-like or papular appearance, so they should be differentiated from other neoplasms or non-neoplastic lesions.

Eagle's syndrome treated with dissection of the styloid process via an extraoral approach combined with antidepressants.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome of dissecting the styloid process via an extraoral approach combined with antidepressants for treating Eagle's syndrome. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with Eagle's syndrome underwent resection of the elongated styloid processes under general anaesthesia via an extraoral approach. All patients completed a self-rating depression scale preoperatively, and a score over 49 was defined as depression. The patients with depression were treated with fluoxetine 20 mg/day for 3 weeks postoperatively. In all patients, the abnormal length of the styloid process was resected. RESULTS: No surgical complications were observed. Eighteen (81.8%) patients had depression, and all 22 patients were followed for 7 to 26 months: 19 were symptom-free (86.4%), two patients with mild or moderate depression obtained almost complete remission of their symptoms, and one patient with severe depression obtained partial remission. No complications of medication occurred in any patient with depression, and all patients had a satisfactory cosmetic result and no paraesthesia. CONCLUSION: Dissection of the styloid process via an extraoral approach is simple and reliable; dissection of the styloid process combined with antidepressants (fluoxetine) is preferred for treating Eagle's syndrome.

[Transmasseter approach to mid-and-low condylar fractures by mini-retromandibular access].

OBJECTIVE: To explore a new access for internal rigid fixation of mandibular mid-and-low condylar fracture. METHODS: 16 patients of unilateral mid-and-low condylar fractures were treated with a 2cm mini-retromandibular approach. The subcutaneous tissues superficial to the superficial muscular aponeurotic system (SMAS) were dissected forward that parallel to the masseter muscle fiber bundles, aiming to the fracture. After exposing the fracture, the fracture segments were reduced and fixed under sufficient exposure. RESULTS: Correct anatomic reduction and occlusion were achieved in all cases. Additionally, all patients showed normal articular function and the surgical scars were barely visible. CONCLUSION: The transmasseter approach by retromandibular access is one of the feasible methods for curing mid-and-low condylar fracture, which minimizeing the risk of facial nerve injury and reducing the visible scars.

Lack of an association between interleukin-6 gene promoter polymorphisms (-174G/C, -572G/C) and ischemic heart disease and/or ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis.

The association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms -174G/C (rs1800795) and -572G/C (rs1800796) in the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene promoter region and ischemic heart disease (IHD)/ischemic stroke (IS) remains controversial and ambiguous. In this study, we performed a more precise estimation of the relationship by a meta-analysis based on currently available evidence from literature. To assess the effect of IL-6 polymorphisms (-174G/C, -572G/C) on IHD/IS susceptibility, a meta-analysis of 30 available studies was performed through May 2010. Summary odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals for IL-6 polymorphisms and IHD/IS were estimated using fixed- and random-effects models when appropriate. Heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated. When available studies were pooled into the meta-analysis, there was no significant association between IL-6 polymorphisms (-174G/C, -572G/C) and IHD/IS in any comparison model (CC vs GG, GC vs GG, dominant, and recessive models). Subgroup analyses results were consistent with the main analyses by ethnicity, ischemic types, quality score, and genotyping methods. Ethnicity (European studies) and quality score (low-quality studies) might be important sources of heterogeneity for -174G/C. However, metaregression analysis did not reveal that the foregoing characteristics could explain the τ(2) in any comparison model. We could not identify the sources of heterogeneity for -572G/C. The present meta-analysis suggests that IL-6 promoter polymorphisms (-174G/C, -572G/C) were unlikely to be associated with risk of IHD and/or IS.

[Retrospective analysis of 2461 patients with maxillofacial fractures].

OBJECTIVE: To review the 2461 cases of maxillofacial fractures. METHODS: From 2003 to 2009, 2461 maxillofacial fracture cases were treated in Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Data regarding sex, age, cause of injury, occupation, geographic distribution, blood type, fracture site, multiple associated injuries, injury severity, the patient's first admitted department, treatment results were reviewed. RESULTS: The male and female ratio was 4.28:1, 1424(57.86 %) patients were between 20 and 40 years of age. The most common cause of injury was road traffic accident (938 cases, 40.98%). People in tertiary industry (900 cases, 78.53%) were most vulnerable to injuries. The zygomatic complex (22.08%), nasal bone (20.67%) and mandible (16.35%) were the most frequent fracture sites, which were often associated with skull (21.74%), brain (38.36%) and soft tissue contusion injury (48.84%). 85.98% (2116/2461 cases), of patients' AIS score was less than 2. Orthopaedics (939/2461 cases, 38.16%) was the first admitted department. CONCLUSIONS: The traffic accidents are the main cause of the maxillofacial fractures. Most injuries are found in the young and middle-aged people.

[Extended lower trapezius myocutaneous flap for repair of defects after resection of recurrent oral carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To explore an effective repairing method for oral and maxillofacial soft-tissue defects after resection of recurrent oral carcinoma. METHODS: Six patients with recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma (R-OSCC) of tongue (n = 2), oral cavity floor (n = 2) and buccal (n = 2) were treated with salvage surgery and the oral and maxillofacial soft-tissue defects were repaired primarily by extended lower trapezius island myocutaneous flap (TIMF). RESULTS: No flap failure occurred. The donor sites were primarily closed. There were no disabilities with regard to shoulder motion. The life period of the patients was 13 to 30 months and the average life period was 22.6 months after the operation. CONCLUSIONS: The TIMF, which is a simple, reliable and large flap can be preferred as a salvage procedure for oral and maxillofacial soft-tissue defects after treatment of R-OSCC.

[Susac syndrome: a report of two cases].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinic characters and diagnosis of Susac syndrome. METHODS: Two cases were systematically studied by the authors. RESULTS: All the two cases were young women. The clinical manifestations include acute and subacute multifocal and diffuse encephalopathic symptoms, hearing loss, and visual loss. Diagnosis is facilitated by demonstration of retinal arteriolar occlusions without uveitis or keratoconjunctivitis, mid-to-low frequency unilateral or bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, and numerous small foci of increased signal in the white and gray matter on T2-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging. CONCLUSIONS: This rare syndrome often can be identified at an early stage with a careful history and physical examination. MRI, SPECT, retinal fluorescein angiography and audiometry will contribute to diagnosis.