AVALIAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO DOS ESTUDANTES DO PRIMEIRO PERÍODO DE MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA DA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS E VETERINÁRIAS - UNESP, CÂMPUS JABOTICABAL SOBRE O PAPEL DO MÉDICO VETERINÁRIO NA SAÚDE PÚBLICA

A saúde pública veterinária tem a finalidade de proteger e promover a saúde humana. Por meio da Portaria 2488 de outubro de 2011 o médico veterinário foi incluído no grupo de profissionais que podem compor o Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF). No entanto, para que esse profissional atue em sua plenitude é necessário que conheça sua importância para a população, exercitando os conhecimentos em saúde coletiva além de contribuir no processo melhoria da saúde. Com intuito de avaliar o grau de conhecimento dos alunos, foi aplicado um questionário para o primeiro período de medicina veterinária da UNESP Câmpus Jaboticabal, totalizando 38 alunos, com perguntas fechadas abordando conceitos sobre a participação do médico veterinário no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e sua importância na saúde humana, Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) e NASF. Logo após, ofereceu-se uma palestra abordando as atividades exercidas pelo médico veterinário na saúde pública veterinária, com a expectativa que os estudantes entrem com a consciência da sua importância neste cenário. Apenas 2%(1) conhecia o significado de ESF e NASF; 5%(2) dos alunos conheciam qual o nível de atenção a ESF e o NASF são classificados. Com relação a participação do médico veterinário no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e Programa Saúde da Família (PSF), antes da palestra 25%(10) responderam ter conhecimento e todos os participantes

PERFIL DOS GRADUANDOS DO PRIMEIRO PERÍODO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA DA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS E VETERINÁRIAS - UNESP, CÂMPUS JABOTICABAL E SUA RELAÇÃO COM OS ANIMAIS DOMÉSTICOS

A medicina veterinária é uma profissão abrangente, fundamental para o desenvolvimento agropecuário, para a melhoria da saúde dos animais e saúde das pessoas. O graduando de medicina veterinária deve conhecer as múltiplas áreas que compõe o campo de trabalho da sua profissão, além da atuação nos diversos setores. Com o objetivo de traçar o perfil dos graduandos do primeiro período de medicina veterinária da UNESP, Câmpus Jaboticabal foi elaborado um questionário a 38 alunos ingressantes na universidade sobre as áreas de maior interesse, a grade horária e disciplinas do curso, e sobre o convívio com os animais domésticos. Dos 38 alunos,92% afirmaram que ingressaram no curso por preferência pessoal e por afinidade aos animais.Das áreas de maior interesse,92% citaram clínica e cirurgia de animais; 39%, pesquisa científica; 32%, manejo e conservação de espécies; 29%, saúde pública veterinária, e 16%, outras áreas. Além disso, 63% dos participantes afirmaram estarem satisfeitos com a grade horária e as disciplinas. Com relação ao convívio com os animais domésticos, 89% disseram possuir animais em casa ou república, 71% afirmaram conviver com os animais dentro de casa, e 32% afirmaram que dormem com algum animal de estimação(83% cães e 17% gatos). Ainda,58% afirmaram se preocupar com a saúde do seu animal e 42% se preocupam com a saúde do animal e com a possibilidade que ele transmita

Descrição histórica dos casos de raiva em herbívoros ocorridos no primeiro semestre de 2012, no município de descalvado, são paulo, brasil / description of rabies cases in herbivores in the first half of 2012, in descalvado, sp, brazil

A raiva é uma zoonose que acomete os animais de sangue quente e causa uma encefalomielite aguda e fatal, resultante da transmissão do vírus principalmente pela mordida de um animal, doméstico ou silvestre, que esteja doente. A importância da raiva para a saúde pública reside em sua alta letalidade e, também, no impacto psíquico e emocional diante do temor de contrair a doença. Em bovinos, a raiva se manifesta na forma paralítica, sendo os morcegos hematófagos da espécie Desmodus rotundus considerados os principais agentes transmissores da doença. Este estudo objetivou descrever o histórico e a incidência dos casos notificados de raiva em herbívoros, no primeiro semestre do ano de 2012, no Município de Descalvado, SP. Os dados relacionados às notificações de raiva, bem como os resultados dos exames laboratoriais, foram obtidos dos relatórios enviados à Vigilância Epidemiológica de Descalvado e das cartas enviadas pelo Escritório de Defesa Agropecuária (EDA) de Araraquara. Os dados foram avaliados junto aos casos de raiva em bovinos ocorridos no Estado de São Paulo, no per&iac

Complexo teniose-cisticercose: avaliação do conhecimento de manipuladores de carnes no município de jaboticabal, são paulo, brasil / teniasis-cysticercosis complex: evaluation of butchers knowledge in jaboticabal, são paulo state, brazil

            Taenia saginata e Taenia solium são os agentes etiológicos do complexo teniose-cisticercose bovino e suíno, respectivamente. O conhecimento dos principais meios de infecção constituem medidas importantes de profilaxia sendo os métodos educativos uma das formas de promover a conscientização. O trabalho objetivou avaliar o conhecimento de manipuladores de carne sobre esse complexo no município de Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil. Participaram do estudo manipuladores de carnes de 25 estabelecimentos do município, sendo 9 de pequeno, 10 de médio e 6 de grande porte. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio da aplicação de um questionário estruturado com 12 questões de múltipla escolha e de alternativas “sim/não”, referentes ao conhecimento acerca da epidemiologia, formas de transmissão e infecção e prevenção desta zoonose. Foi avaliado ainda se os estabelecimentos diferem quanto ao conhecimento dos funcionários sobre o complexo teniose-cisticercose, de acordo com o porte da empresa. A análise dos resultados foi realizada por

DESCRIÇÃO HISTÓRICA DOS CASOS DE RAIVA EM HERBÍVOROS OCORRIDOS NO PRIMEIRO SEMESTRE DE 2012, NO MUNICÍPIO DE DESCALVADO, SÃO PAULO, BRASIL / DESCRIPTION OF RABIES CASES IN HERBIVORES IN THE FIRST HALF OF 2012, IN DESCALVADO, SP, BRAZIL

A raiva é uma zoonose que acomete os animais de sangue quente e causa uma encefalomielite aguda e fatal, resultante da transmissão do vírus principalmente pela mordida de um animal, doméstico ou silvestre, que esteja doente. A importância da raiva para a saúde pública reside em sua alta letalidade e, também, no impacto psíquico e emocional diante do temor de contrair a doença. Em bovinos, a raiva se manifesta na forma paralítica, sendo os morcegos hematófagos da espécie Desmodus rotundus considerados os principais agentes transmissores da doença. Este estudo objetivou descrever o histórico e a incidência dos casos notificados de raiva em herbívoros, no primeiro semestre do ano de 2012, no Município de Descalvado, SP. Os dados relacionados às notificações de raiva, bem como os resultados dos exames laboratoriais, foram obtidos dos relatórios enviados à Vigilância Epidemiológica de Descalvado e das cartas enviadas pelo Escritório de Defesa Agropecuária (EDA) de Araraquara. Os dados foram avaliados junto aos casos de raiva em bovinos ocorridos no Estado de São Paulo, no per&iac

COMPLEXO TENIOSE-CISTICERCOSE: AVALIAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO DE MANIPULADORES DE CARNES NO MUNICÍPIO DE JABOTICABAL, SÃO PAULO, BRASIL / TENIASIS-CYSTICERCOSIS COMPLEX: EVALUATION OF BUTCHERS KNOWLEDGE IN JABOTICABAL, SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL

            Taenia saginata e Taenia solium são os agentes etiológicos do complexo teniose-cisticercose bovino e suíno, respectivamente. O conhecimento dos principais meios de infecção constituem medidas importantes de profilaxia sendo os métodos educativos uma das formas de promover a conscientização. O trabalho objetivou avaliar o conhecimento de manipuladores de carne sobre esse complexo no município de Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil. Participaram do estudo manipuladores de carnes de 25 estabelecimentos do município, sendo 9 de pequeno, 10 de médio e 6 de grande porte. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio da aplicação de um questionário estruturado com 12 questões de múltipla escolha e de alternativas “sim/não”, referentes ao conhecimento acerca da epidemiologia, formas de transmissão e infecção e prevenção desta zoonose. Foi avaliado ainda se os estabelecimentos diferem quanto ao conhecimento dos funcionários sobre o complexo teniose-cisticercose, de acordo com o porte da empresa. A análise dos resultados foi realizada por

Digestibility for dogs and cats of meat and bone meal processed at two different temperature and pressure levels*.

This study evaluated the effect of two rendering processes applied to meat and bone meal (MBM) production, associated or not with extrusion, by measuring diet apparent total tract digestibility of dogs and cats, and true digestibility of amino acids (AA) by cecectomized roosters. Four diets were evaluated, with the main protein source as follows: conventional and extruded MBM; high temperature and pressure (HPT; 135 °C, 3 bar, 20 min) and extruded MBM; conventional non-extruded MBM; HPT non-extruded MBM. Nutrient digestibility and food metabolizable energy content were evaluated with dogs and cats by the method of total collection of faeces. True AA digestibility was evaluated by a precision-fed assay with cecectomized roosters. The evaluated MBM had high-ash content. The HPT process of MBM increased the digestibility of crude protein of the diets by cats, and the true digestibility of several AA by cecectomized roosters. The extrusion process did not modify the apparent total tract nutrient digestibility of MBM by dogs and their amino acid digestibility by roosters, but increased the digestibility of the dietary protein by cats. Dogs fed HPT MBM presented a higher urea post-prandial response, suggesting reductions in bioavailability and protein synthesis from absorbed AA.

Liver mitochondrial function in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy.

The objective of the present study was to analyze hepatic mitochondrial function in patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) undergoing cadaveric donor orthotopic liver transplantation. From February 2005 to May 2007, eight patients with FAP, ranging in age from 34 to 41 years and with Model for End-Stage Liver Disease scores ranging from 24 to 29. Underwent orthotopic transplantation using a liver from a deceased donor by the piggyback method. Immediately before beginning the recipient hepatectomy in a patient with FAP, a biopsy was obtained for analysis of mitochondrial function (FAP group). The control group consisted of 15 patients undergoing hepatic surgery to treat small tumors of the liver. Mitochondrial respiration was determined on the basis of oxygen consumption by energized mitochondria using a polarographic method. The membrane potential of the mitochondria was determined spectrofluorometrically. Data were analyzed statistically by the Mann-Whitney test, with the level of significance set at 5%. State 3 and 4 values, respiratory control ratio, and membrane potential were 47 +/- 8 versus 28 +/- 10 natoms O/min/mg protein (P < .05); 14 +/- 3 vs 17 +/- 7 nat.O/min/mg.prot.mit. (P > .05); 3.6 +/- .5 vs 1.7 +/- 0.7 (P < .05); and 135 +/- 5.2 vs 135 +/- 6 mV (P > .05) for control versus FAP patients, respectively, demonstrating a decreased energy status of the liver in FAP.

EVALUATION OF THE USE OF CHROMIC OXIDE IN CAPSULES TO ESTIMATE THE DIGESTIBILITY IN CATS. / AVALIAÇÃO DO USO DE ÓXIDO CRÔMICO EM CÁPSULAS PARA ESTIMAR A DIGESTIBILIDADE APARENTE EM GATOS.

This study evaluated the use of chromic oxide in gelatin capsules to estimate the coefficient of apparent digestibility(CAD) of nutrients for cats. The CAD of two extruded diets were determined using both the fecal total collection method and the chromic oxide method. The cats were given orally approximately 140 mg of chromic oxide in gelatin capsules twice a day, immediately before feeding. Twelve adult neutered cats were used, housed individually in metabolism cages, a total of six animals per diet. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with two among-subjects factors (foods), two within-subjects factors(methods), and considering the cat as the experimental unit. There was no statistical difference (p>0,05) between the CAD of nutrients determined by the fecal total collection method or estimated by the chromic oxide method. The fecal recovery of the marker was 97,78±4,0% and 98,07±5,5%. Notwithstanding the similar CAD obtained, visual evaluation of the feces showed that the green color of the chromic oxide was not uniformly distributed throughout the feces, which possibly indicates that the marker did not became evenly distributed in the gastrointestinal tract. Key-Words: Cats. Chromic oxide. Digestibility. Fecal recovery. Gelatin capsules.

Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in chronic extrahepatic cholestasis.

Studies in the literature have shown the inhibitory action of bilirubin on serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity. In spite of this, GGT is a sensitive diagnostic indicator, comparable to alkaline phosphatase for the diagnosis of chronic extrahepatic cholestasis (CEHC). To evaluate the relationship of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and GGT activity in CEHC we studied 30 patients with CEHC divided into two groups: A, 14 male and female subjects with serum bilirubin levels of 2 to 10 mg/dl, and B, 16 male and female subjects with serum bilirubin levels of 10.1 to 44 mg/dl. Serum GGT activity was measured by diluting serum samples 1:5 and 1:10. GGT values were equivalent in the two groups, there was no correlation between bilirubin and GGT (r = +0.179, P less than 0.01), and there was a significant correlation between GGT and AP (r = +0.627, P less than 0.01). The present results show that, if GGT inhibition by bilirubin did occur, this inhibition was not sufficient to prevent the increase in serum GGT levels and that the sensitivity of GGT as a marker for CEHC is similar to that of alkaline phosphatase.

Inhibitory effect of different anticoagulants on gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity.

Increased gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels have been observed in patients with several types of liver diseases. However, since GGT activity can be inhibited or increased by several substances, the interpretation of these increased levels should be made with caution. The present study was designed to determine plasma GGT activity in blood samples obtained from 24 adult volunteers (13 males and 11 females aged 20 to 40 years) with the use of three different anticoagulants, i.e., ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), calcium fluoride and calcium citrate, and to compare it with GGT activity in serum obtained from the same blood samples. Serum GGT activity was significantly higher than plasma GGT activity (P less than 0.001) and significantly higher in men than in women (P less than 0.05), though plasma GGT activity was similar for both sexes.

Serum transaminase levels in the acute phase of chronic extrahepatic cholestasis.

Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels are normal or discretely increased in rats with chronic extrahepatic cholestasis (CEHC). During the acute phase (first 72 h after biliary obstruction), however, serum transaminase values are quite elevated due to a mechanism not yet fully elucidated. Thus, this is a good experimental model, not involving hepatocellular necrosis, for the study of serum ALT and AST levels during the acute phase of CEHC. Male Wistar rats (250-350 g) were divided into two groups: group A (N = 60) was submitted to sham operation for bile duct ligation (BDL), and group B (N = 60) was submitted to BDL. Thirty and 120 min after BDL there was a 1.5-fold increase in both serum ALT and AST levels compared to sham-operated rats (P less than 0.05). Serum ALT levels were higher than AST levels as early as 30 min after BDL and the highest serum values for both transaminases were observed at 360 min which was also the last value measured. Serum AST levels increased 120 min after BDL, with no further significant increases thereafter.

Serum transaminase levels in the acute phase of chronic extrahepatic cholestasis

Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels are normal or discretely increased in rats with chronic extrahepatic cholestasis (CEHC). During the acute phase (first 72 h after biliary obstruction), however, serum transminase values are quite elevated due to a mechanism not yet fully elucidated. Thus, this is a good experimental model, not involving hepatocellular necrosis, for the study of serum ALT and AST levels during the acute phase of CEHC. Male Wistar rats (250-350 g) were divided into two groups: group A(N = 60) was submitted to sham operation for bile duct ligation (BDL), and group B (N = 60) was submitted to BDL. Thirty and 120 min after BDL there was a 1.5-fold increase in both serum ALT and AST levels compared to sham-operated rats (P<0.05). Serum ALT levels were higher than AST levels as early as 30 min after BDL and the highest serum values for both transaminases were observed at 360 min which was also the last value measured. Serum AST levels increased 120 min after BDL, with no further significant increase thereafter

Serum gama-glutamyl transpeptidase in chronic extrahepatic cholestasis

Studies in the literature have shown the inhibitory action action of bilirubin on serum gama-glutamyl transpeptidase (CGT) activity. In spite of this, CGT is a sensitive diagnostic indicator, comparable to alkaline phosphatase for the diagnosis of chronic extrahepatic cholestais (CEHC). To evaluate the relationship of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and GGT activity in CEHC we studied 30 patients with CEHC divided into two groups: A, 14 male and female subjects with bilirubin levels of 10.1 to 44 mg/dl. Serum GGT activity was meaured by diluting serum samples 1:5 and 1:10. GGT values were equivalent in the two groups, there was no correlation between bilirubin and GGT (r = +0.179, P > 0.01) and there was a significant correlation between GGT and AP(r = +0.627, P < 0.01). The present results show that, if GGT inhibition by bilirubin did occur, this inhibitions was not sufficient to prevent the increase in serum GGT levels and that the sensitivity of GGT as a marker for CEHC is simular to that of alkaline phosphatase

Inhibitory effect of different anticoagulants on gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity

Increased gama-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels have been observed in pacients with several types of liver diseases. However, since GGT activity can be inhibited or incrased by several substances, the interpretation of these increased levels should be made with caution. The present study was designed to determine plasma GGT activity in blood samples obtained from 24 adult volunters (13 males and 11 females aged 20 to 40 years) with the use of three different anticoagulants, i.e., ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), calcium fluoride and calcium citrate, and to compare it with GGT activity in serum obtanied from the same blood samples. Serum GGT activity wa significantly higher than plasma GGT activity (P < 0.001) and singnificantly higher in men than in women (P < 0.05), though plasma GGT activity was similar for both sexes

Effect of hepatic artery ligation on liver metabolism in rats

The rats an experimental model of orthotopic liver transplant that does not need arterial revascularization of the transplanted liver. the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of hepatic artery ligation on hepatic metabolism in rats. After 2, 3, or 24 h hepatic artery ligation, no significant differences in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase were observed. Bile flow decreased significantly 3 h after arterial ligation (P < 0.05) and returned to normal after 24 h (P < 0.05)

Heparin-induced increase in plasma and serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity.

gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity may be a sensitive index of hepatobiliary dysfunction. GGT activity, however, has been shown to be affected by several factors in different clinical situations. The present study was designed to determine the effect of heparin on serum and plasma GGT activity. Blood samples were collected from 15 normal male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g for the determination of GGT activity in plasma prepared with heparin (group P(H), N = 10), in serum (group S, N = 15) and in serum with heparin added (group S + H, N = 10). GGT activity was 45.1 +/- 9.5 U/l (mean +/- SD) for serum compared with 161.2 +/- 46.1 U/l for serum plus heparin and 93.3 +/- 30.9 U/l for plasma prepared with heparin. The mean for each group was significantly different from the means for the other groups. These data demonstrate that GGT activity measurements should be made on serum in the absence of heparin, which produces elevated results.

Effect of hepatic artery ligation on liver metabolism in rats.

The rat is an experimental model of orthotopic liver transplant that does not need arterial revascularization of the transplanted liver. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of hepatic artery ligation on hepatic metabolism in rats. After 2, 3 or 24 h of hepatic artery ligation, no significant differences in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase were observed. Bile flow decreased significantly 3 h after arterial ligation (P less than 0.05) and returned to normal after 24 h (P less than 0.05).

Heparin-induced increase in plasma and serum gama-glutamyl transpeptidase activity

Gama-Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity may be a sensitive index of hepatobiliary dysfunction. GGT activity, however, has been shown to be affected by several factors in different clinical situations. The present study was designed to determine the effect of heparin on serum and plasma GGT activity. Blood samples were collected from 15 normal male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g for the determination of GGT activity in plasma prepared with heparin (group P(H),N = 10), in serum (group S,N = 15) and in serum with heparin added (group S + H,N = 10). GGT activity was 45.1 + or - 9.5 U/l (mean + or - SD) for serum compared with 161.2 + or - 46.1 U/l for serum plus heparin and 93.3 + or - 30.9 U/l for plasma prepared with heparin. The mean for each group was significantly different from the means for the other groups. These data demonstrate that GGT activity measurements should be made on serum in the absence of heparin, which produces elevated results