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1.
J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr ; 2024(63): 38-44, 2024 Jun 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38836529

RESUMO

Persons with HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) experience three co-existing stigmatizing health conditions: skin disease, HIV, and cancer, which contribute to a complex experience of stigmatization and to delays in diagnosis and treatment. Despite the importance of stigma among these patients, there are few proven stigma-reduction strategies for HIV-associated malignancies. Using qualitative methods, we explore how people with HIV-associated KS in western Kenya between August 2022 and 2023 describe changes in their stigma experience after participation in a multicomponent navigation strategy, which included 1) physical navigation and care coordination, 2) video-based education with motivational survivor stories, 3) travel stipend, 4) health insurance enrollment assistance, 5) health insurance stipend, and 6) peer mentorship. A purposive sample of persons at different stages of chemotherapy treatment were invited to participate. Participants described how a multicomponent navigation strategy contributed to increased knowledge and awareness, a sense of belonging, hope to survive, encouragement, and social support, which served as stigma mitigators, likely counteracting the major drivers of intersectional stigma in HIV-associated KS.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Sarcoma de Kaposi , Estigma Social , Humanos , Sarcoma de Kaposi/psicologia , Sarcoma de Kaposi/terapia , Sarcoma de Kaposi/etiologia , Sarcoma de Kaposi/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Quênia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Navegação de Pacientes
3.
Dig Dis Sci ; 61(2): 501-6, 2016 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26441283

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergen-mediated, clinicopathological condition affecting all ages. The characteristics of children with EoE in the southwestern USA have not been fully described. Furthermore, very little is known about the relationship between parental allergies and risk of EoE in their offspring in this patient population. AIMS: To characterize children with EoE and to examine the relationship between prevalence of parental allergies and occurrence of EoE in their offspring at a single referral pediatric center in the southwestern USA. METHODS: Demographic and clinical information of 126 children (≤18 years of age) with EoE was abstracted in a pre-determined data extraction form and analyzed. The allergy history was collected from biological parents of 61 children (parent-child cluster) with EoE in a standardized questionnaire and analyzed. RESULTS: The median age at presentation was 8 years (interquartile range 4-13). The majority of our patients were male (71 %) and Caucasian (59 %). Overall, 84 % of children reported allergies. Prevalence of food allergy was significantly higher compared to environmental allergies (P = 0.001). At least 46 % of parents reported allergies. A significantly higher proportion of fathers had developed allergies during their childhood compared to adulthood (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics of EoE in our patients were similar to those reported from other parts of the country. Childhood onset of paternal allergies appears to be a risk factor for occurrence of EoE in their offspring. Additional research to elucidate the relationship between parental allergies and occurrence of EoE in their offspring is warranted.


Assuntos
Esofagite Eosinofílica/genética , Hipersensibilidade/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Alérgenos , Asma , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Esofagite Eosinofílica/epidemiologia , Esofagite Eosinofílica/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/epidemiologia , Hipersensibilidade/patologia , Masculino , Texas/epidemiologia
4.
Dig Dis Sci ; 60(11): 3181-93, 2015 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26065368

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Esophageal food impaction (EFI) can be the initial presentation of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). EoE is characterized by persistent esophageal eosinophilia (EE). Both EFI and EE are related to a variety of conditions. To date, the relationship between EFI, EE, and EoE remains unclear. AIMS: To review our institutional experience with EFIs and combine our knowledge with the existing literature to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis for delineating the relationship between EFI, EE, and EoE. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of 72 children with EFI presenting to our emergency center between 2007 and 2013. PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases were screened from inception until July 2014 to identify studies linking EFI and EoE. Included studies were methodically assessed for the quality and strength of association between EFI and EoE. RESULTS: Our institutional experience highlighted the possibility of proton-pump inhibitor therapy-responsive EE (PPI-REE) as an underrecognized risk factor for EFI. A systematic review of 14 studies, including ours, revealed that most studies did not eliminate other causes of EFI or EE. The meta-analysis revealed that esophageal biopsies were obtained from 54% (40-68) of individuals presenting with EFI, and the overall EoE-attributable EFI among those who were biopsied was 54% (43-65). Substantial heterogeneity was noted among the studies. DISCUSSION: PPI-REE is an underestimated risk factor for EFI. The quality of existing evidence linking EFI and EoE is limited by several important factors. Future studies with robust design are warranted to delineate the relationship between EFI, EE, and EoE.


Assuntos
Transtornos de Deglutição/etiologia , Deglutição , Esofagite Eosinofílica/complicações , Esôfago/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Biópsia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Transtornos de Deglutição/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Deglutição/fisiopatologia , Esofagite Eosinofílica/diagnóstico , Esofagite Eosinofílica/tratamento farmacológico , Esofagite Eosinofílica/fisiopatologia , Esôfago/efeitos dos fármacos , Esôfago/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento
5.
BMC Public Health ; 15: 162, 2015 Feb 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25881249

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) public health programming has been widely used in Mexico; however, few studies have documented individual and organizational factors that might be used to evaluate their public health impact. The RE-AIM framework is an evaluation tool that examines individual and organizational factors of public health programs. The purpose of this study was to use the RE-AIM framework to determine the degree to which PA programs in Mexico reported individual and organizational factors and to investigate whether reporting differed by the program's funding source. METHODS: Public health programs promoting PA were systematically identified during 2008-2013 and had to have an active program website. Initial searches produced 23 possible programs with 12 meeting inclusion criteria. A coding sheet was developed to capture behavioral, outcome and RE-AIM indicators from program websites. RESULTS: In addition to targeting PA, five (42%) programs also targeted dietary habits and the most commonly reported outcome was change in body composition (58%). Programs reported an average of 11.1 (±3.9) RE-AIM indicator items (out of 27 total). On average, 45% reported reach indicators, 34% reported efficacy/effectiveness indicators, 60% reported adoption indicators, 40% reported implementation indicators, and 35% reported maintenance indicators. The proportion of RE-AIM indicators reported did not differ significantly for programs that were government supported (M = 10, SD = 3.1) and programs that were partially or wholly privately or corporately supported (M = 12.0, SD = 4.4). CONCLUSION: While reach and adoption of these programs were most commonly reported, there is a need for stronger evaluation of behavioral and health outcomes before the public health impact of these programs can be established.


Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Promoção da Saúde/organização & administração , Prática de Saúde Pública , Pesos e Medidas Corporais , Dieta , Humanos , Masculino , México , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Sono
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