Gut microbiota and intestinal barrier-related markers in patients with anorexia nervosa: Systematic review. / Mikrobiota jelitowa i markery zwiazane z integralnoscia bariery jelitowej u pacjentów z jadlowstretem psychicznym: przeglad systematyczny.

The aim of this systematic review was to determine: 1. alternations of gut microbiota community; 2. intestinal barrier-related markers; 3. relationship between the intestinal ecosystem and health-related factors in AN individuals. We conducted a systematic literature search (PubMed/Embase/ClinicalTrials registry) until 30 September 2020 for studies reporting gut microbiome and intestinal barrier-related markers in patients with AN. Six studies on intestinal microbiota were eligible for this review, including three papers also describing intestinal barrier markers. Among five studies analyzing microbiota diversity, four of them found differences between AN patients and healthy controls (HC). The studies confirm alterations of the markers, which can affect intestinal barrier integrity of patients with ED. The systematic review confirms changes in the gut ecosystem of patients with eating disorder, without a clear consensus of microbiota patterns in AN. Damage of intestinal barrier integrity is poorly documented in AN patients and needs more attention in further studies.

False-positive drug test results in patients taking psychotropic drugs. A literature review. / Falszywie dodatnie wyniki testów narkotykowych u pacjentów przyjmujacych leki psychotropowe ­ przeglad literatury.

INTRODUCTION: The study reviews the literature on false-positive drug test results in patients taking psychotropic medications. METHOD: A narrative review of available literature in English and Polish was conducted by searching MEDLINE/PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the search phrase ?falsepositive drug test' and names of selected registered antidepressant, antipsychotic and mood stabilizing medications as well as pharmaceuticals used in the treatment of ADHD. Review articles, case reports and original papers from years 1990-2019 were analyzed. RESULTS: False-positive drug test results have been reported for many psychiatric drugs: clomipramine, amitriptyline, bupropion, trazodone, sertraline, venlafaxine, hydroxyzine, haloperidol, sulpiride, perazine, levomepromazine, aripiprazole, risperidone, amisulpride, quetiapine, lamotrigine, carbamazepine, methylphenidate, and atomoxetine. No such reports have been found for other drugs considered in this study. CONCLUSIONS: When interpreting urine drug tests, caution should be exercised, especially when the tested person categorically denies the use of psychoactive substances. In such situations, the patient's medication list should be analyzed to ascertain that the obtained result is not false-positive. When test results are unclear, the presence of drugs in the urine can be effectively confirmed or excluded using gas chromatography. Unfortunately, most of the data available in the literature are case reports, which means they require further support from studies of large cohorts of patients taking psychotropic medications.