Influence of the DASH Diet on Gestational Weight Gain and Perinatal Outcomes in Women with Pre-Existing Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the influence of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes mellitus (PDM). METHODS: A randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial was conducted with 68 pregnant women with PDM throughout prenatal care until delivery (18 weeks) at a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2016-2020). The standard diet adopted by the control group (standard diet group-SDG) contained 45-55% carbohydrates, 15-20% protein, and 25-30% lipids of the total energy intake. An adapted DASH diet, with a similar macronutrient composition, but with higher calcium, potassium, magnesium, fiber, and reduced saturated fat, was prescribed for the intervention group (DASH diet group-DDG). Student's t- or Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare outcomes between groups. To assess the trajectory of gestational weight gain throughout the intervention between the study groups, linear mixed-effects regression models were used. RESULTS: The DDG had lower gestational weight gain at the fifth (p = 0.03) and seventh appointment (p = 0.04), with no difference in average total gestational weight gain (SDG: 10 kg [SD = 4]; DDG: 9 kg [SD = 5], p = 0.23). There was a trend for a lower length of stay of the newborns (p = 0.08) in the DDG without differences for other perinatal outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The DASH diet promoted less variation in gestational weight gain without promoting a difference in total gestational weight gain, and there was no difference between the study groups for perinatal outcomes.

Effects of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control in children and adolescents with T1DM. CONTENT: A systematic search was conducted of the Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, BVS/Lilacs, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Cinahl, Food Science, and FSTA databases. Two reviewers independently extracted article data and assessed quality. SUMMARY: A total of 1,613 eligible articles were retrieved, ten of which met the selection criteria: eight clinical trials, one retrospective cohort study, and one cross-sectional study. Regarding the cutoff points used to classify vitamin D status, most of the studies set deficiency at 25-hydroxyvitamin D <20 ng/mL, sufficiency at ≥30 ng/mL, and insufficiency as the interval between these values. Regarding intervention strategies, most used cholecalciferol for supplementation, but there was great variation in the dose and supplementation time. When evaluating the effect of vitamin D supplementation on HbA1c, a significant improvement in glycemic control was observed in 50% of the studies. However, only one of these studies was classified as being of positive methodological quality, with three having their quality classified as neutral and one as negative. OUTLOOK: There is yet no consistent evidence on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control as an adjuvant in the treatment of children and adolescents with T1DM.

Glycemic control and lipid profile of children and adolescents undergoing two different dietetic treatments for type 1 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the glycemic control and lipid profile of children and adolescents undergoing two different dietetic treatments for type 1 Diabetes Mellitus assisted at the Children and Adolescent's Diabetes Mellitus Health Center-UFRJ. METHODS: A retrospective longitudinal study conducted between 2002 and 2006. We evaluated the same subjects in two different periods: after 1 year in TD and subsequently after 1 year in CCHO. The evolution of the nutritional status during the dietary treatments was evaluated using Body Mass Index (BMI) for age. The lipid panel was evaluated according to the 1st Guideline for Prevention of Atherosclerosis in Childhood and Adolescence, used in Brazil, and the glycemic control was evaluated by measuring glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). RESULTS: We evaluated 93 individuals, 38.7% children and 61.3% adolescents. The mean age at study entry was 11.1 (± 2.66) years and the mean disease duration was 6.1 (± 3.2) years. A significant difference in the percentage of adequacy of HbA1c (p = 0.000) and in the values of total plasma cholesterol (p = 0.043) was found after 1 year of CCHO diet, which did not happen during the observation time of TD. The evolution of anthropometric nutritional status showed no significant difference between the beginning and the end of both dietary treatments. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that a more flexible food orientation program can contribute to the improvement of blood glucose levels without causing deterioration of the lipid profile when compared to TD.

Objetivo: Comparar el control glucémico y el perfil lipídico de niños y adolescentes sometidos a dos tratamientos dietéticos distintos para la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 atendidos en el Centro de Salud para Niños y Adolescentes con Diabetes Mellitus-UFRJ. Métodos: Estudio longitudinal retrospectivo realizado entre 2002 y 2006. Evaluamos a los mismos individuos en dos momentos distintos: tras un año en tratamiento para diabetes (TD) y posteriormente tras un año con conteo de hidratos de carbono (CHC). La evolución del estado nutricional durante los tratamientos dietéticos se evaluó empleando el índice de masa corporal (IMC) para la edad. El panel de lípidos se evaluó de acuerdo con la 1ª Guía para la prevención de la aterosclerosis en la infancia y adolescencia, empleada en Brasil, y el control glucémico se evaluó midiendo la hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c). Resultados: Evaluamos a 93 individuos, 38,7 % niños y 61,3 % adolescentes. La edad promedio en el momento de entrada en el estudio fue de 11,1 (± 2,66) años y la el promedio de duración de la enfermedad fue de 6,1 (± 3,2) años. Se encontró una diferencia significativa en el porcentaje de adecuación de la HbA1c (p = 0,000) y en los valores del colesterol plasmático total (p = 0,043) tras un año de dieta con CHC, lo cual no ocurrió durante el periodo de observación de TD. La evolución del estado nutricional antropométrico no mostró diferencias significativas entre el inicio y el final de ninguno de los tratamientos dietéticos. Conclusión: Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que un programa de orientación alimentaria más flexible puede contribuir a la mejora de la glucemia sin producir un deterioro del perfil lipídico en comparación con el TD.

Glycemic control and lipid profile of children and adolescents undergoing two different dietetic treatments for type 1 diabetes mellitus / Control glucémico y perfil lipídico de niños y adolescentes sometidos a dos tratamientos dietéticos distintos para la diabetes mellitus tipo 1

Objective: To compare the glycemic control and lipidprofile of children and adolescents undergoing two different dietetic treatments for type 1 Diabetes Mellitus assisted at the Children and Adolescent’s Diabetes Mellitus Health Center-UFRJ. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study conducted between 2002 and 2006. We evaluated the same subjects in two different periods: after 1 year in TD and subsequently after 1 year in CCHO. The evolution of the nutritional status during the dietary treatments was evaluated using Body Mass Index (BMI) for age. The lipid panel was evaluated according to the 1st Guideline for Prevention of Atherosclerosis in Childhood and Adolescence, used in Brazil, and the glycemic control was evaluated by measuring glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).Results: We evaluated 93 individuals, 38.7% children and 61.3% adolescents. The mean age at study entry was11.1 (± 2.66) years and the mean disease duration was 6.1(± 3.2) years. A significant difference in the percentage of adequacy of HbA1c (p = 0.000) and in the values of total plasma cholesterol (p = 0.043) was found after 1 year of CCHO diet, which did not happen during the observation time of TD. The evolution of anthropometric nutritional status showed no significant difference between the beginning and the end of both dietary treatments. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that a more flexible food orientation program can contribute to the improvement of blood glucose levels without causing deterioration of the lipid profile when compared to TD (AU)

Objetivo: Comparar el control glucémico y el perfillipídico de niños y adolescentes sometidos a dos tratamientos dietéticos distintos para la diabetes mellitus tipo1 atendidos en el Centro de Salud para Niños y Adolescentes con Diabetes Mellitus-UFRJ. Métodos: Estudio longitudinal retrospectivo realizado entre 2002 y 2006. Evaluamos a los mismos individuos en dos momentos distintos: tras un año en tratamiento paradiabetes (TD) y posteriormente tras un año con conteo de hidratos de carbono (CHC). La evolución del estado nutricional durante los tratamientos dietéticos se evaluó empleando el índice de masa corporal (IMC) para la edad. El panel de lípidos se evaluó de acuerdo con la 1ª Guía para la prevención de la aterosclerosis en la infancia y adolescencia, empleada en Brasil, y el control glucémicose evaluó midiendo la hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c).Resultados: Evaluamos a 93 individuos, 38,7 % niños y 61,3 % adolescentes. La edad promedio en el momento de entrada en el estudio fue de 11,1 (± 2,66) años y la el promedio de duración de la enfermedad fue de 6,1 (± 3,2)años. Se encontró una diferencia significativa en el porcentaje de adecuación de la HbA1c (p = 0,000) y en los valores del colesterol plasmático total (p = 0,043) tras un año de dieta con CHC, lo cual no ocurrió durante el periodo de observación de TD. La evolución del estado nutricional antropométrico no mostró diferencias significativas entre el inicio y el final de ninguno de los tratamientos dietéticos. Conclusión: Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que un programa de orientación alimentaria más flexible puede contribuir a la mejora de la glucemia sin producir un deterioro del perfil lipídico en comparación con el TD (AU)

Deficiências de micronutrientes em crianças e adolescentes com anemia falciforme: uma revisão sistemática / Micronutrient deficiency in children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia: a systematic review

A anemia falciforme é a doença hemolítica crônica, de caráter hereditário mais comum no Brasil, sendo escassas as informações sobre o estado nutricional de micronutrientes em portadores dessa enfermidade no Brasil. Estudos internacionais vêm demonstrando correlação positiva entre deficiência de micronutrientes e evolução desfavorável da doença.O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar revisão sistemática sobre deficiência de micronutrientes em crianças e adolescentes com anemia falciforme.Foram selecionadas publicações nas bases científicas de dados Medline e Lilacs através do Pubmed e Scielo, disponíveis entre os anos de 1998 e 2008. Foram incluídas na análise as publicações realizadas com crianças e adolescentes portadores da forma homozigótica da doença (SS). A qualidade metodológica dos artigos foi avaliada segundo as recomendações de Strobe, sendo selecionados 11 estudos, sendo 2 transversais, 4 caso-controle e 5 de coorte, todos realizados nos Estados Unidos. A avaliação da concordância entre os avaliadores na classificação da qualidade dos artigos demonstrou ótima concordância (k = 1,00), com um total de 90,9 por cento de trabalhos com classificação B. Para a maioria dos nutrientes estudados (vit. A, D, B6, folato, cálcio e zinco), observou-se estado nutricional desfavorável entre os portadores de anemia falciforme, à exceção do ferro e vitamina B12, cujos resultados revelaram baixo ou nenhum nível de inadequação, seja bioquímica ou dietética. Tal constatação reforça a necessidade do cuidado nutricional no manejo desses pacientes, garantindo qualidade de vida para os portadores da doença.

Sickle cell anemia is a chronic hemolitic disease and very common in Brazil and there are few information about nutritional status of micronutrients in people with sickle cell anemia in this country. International studies have shown positive correlation between deficiency of micronutrients and worst evolution of the disease. The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review about deficiency of micronutrients in children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia. The publications included were selected through scientific bases Medline and Lilacs, by Pubmed and Scielo, available between 1998 and 2008. In this analysis were included publications with children and adolescents with homozygotic type of the disease (SS). The methodological quality of scientific articles was evaluated according to STROBE recommendations: 11 publications were selected, 2 cross-sectionals, 4 case-controls and 5 cohort studies, all of them from United States of America. The level of concordance between data collected by different researchers showed a very good concordance (k = 1,00) and 90,9 percent of the studies were classified as B category. The analysis of results noticed an unfavourable nutritional status for the majority of the nutrients studied (vitamins A, D, B6, folic acid, calcium, zinc) except for iron and vitamin B12, which results showed low or none biochemical or dietetic inadequate levels. All these results confirm the need of nutritional care with these patients in order to reach a better quality of life for them.