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1.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev ; 159: 105572, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38320657

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Internet Addiction (IA) refers to excessive or uncontrolled behaviors related to Internet access, causing impairment or distress. Similarly, Smartphone Addiction (SPA) involves the excessive use of smartphones, disrupting users' daily lives. Cognitive control plays a relevant role in the development of IA and SPA, with executive functions and rewards processing being particularly important. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to provide a synthesis of scientific evidence on the differential effects of IA and SPA on cognition in young adults and adolescents, using fMRI. METHODS: Relevant articles published between 2013 and May 2023 were identified following the PRISMA protocol. RESULTS: Included studies (n = 21) revealed that both behavioral addictions were associated with impairments in cognitive control related to reward processing (ACC, insula, amygdala) and executive function (DLPFC, frontal, parietal lobes) in adolescents and young adults. CONCLUSION: These findings provide evidence for neuroanatomical similarities between IA and SPA in young adults and adolescents related to executive functions and rewards processing. However, differential effects of SPA and IA on cognitive control were not found in this study. Future research should explore the relationship between these addictions with other cognitive domains to further expand our understanding within this field. While both IA and SPA involve the excessive use of online technology, SPA could involve a higher risk, given that smartphones allow internet connectivity anytime.

2.
Nucleus (La Habana) ; (64): 54-58, July.-Dec. 2018. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002729

RESUMO

Resumen Con la finalidad de maximizar las posibilidades experimentales en el estudio de los núcleos exóticos utilizando el haz del sistema "Radioactive Ion Beams in Brasil" (RIBRAS), fue desarrollado un sistema modular de detectores centelleantes orgánicos con buena eficiencia y amplio ángulo sólido, conocido como Pared de Neutrones. La detección de los neutrones emitidos en coincidencia con los fragmentos de reacción incrementa las posibilidades experimentales y constituye una de las técnicas más usadas en el campo de la Astrofísica Nuclear. El obsoleto sistema de adquisición de datos de la Pared de Neutrones debe ser remplazado por un sistema basado en módulos del patrón Versa Module Euro Card (VME). El nuevo esquema será definido para incluir el arreglo de detectores de bandas para partículas cargadas y la Pared de Neutrones con el máximo de eficiencia de adquisición, sin tiempo muerto, con selección de datos y sincronización de eventos. Los módulos digitalizadores garantizan tareas como la supresión de ceros y la saturación en la lectura de la señal. Adicionando tarjetas FPGA (field programmable gate array) a la adquisición de datos se garantiza el procesamiento pre y post-algorítmico de los datos.


Abstract In order to potentiate the experiments for studying the exotic nuclei with Brazil Radioactive Ion Beam (RIBRAS), a modular organic scintillation detector (Neutron Wall), with good efficiency and extended solid angle was developed. The detection of neutrons emitted in coincidence with the reaction fragments increases the experimental possibilities and represents one of the most popular techniques in the Nuclear Astrophysics field. The data acquisition system used for the Neutron Wall is obsolete and should be replaced by Versa Module Euro Card Data Acquisition modules. The new scheme will be designed to include the Strip Array and Neutron Wall detectors with maximum readout efficiency, no dead time, data selection and event synchronization. The digitizer modules provide features like zero suppressed readout and overflow suppression. Zero suppression, once enabled, prevents conversion of value, which is lower than user defined threshold. Adding FPGA (field programmable gate array) cards to data acquisition provides pre- and post-algorithmic processing on data.

3.
Av. odontoestomatol ; 28(6): 281-286, nov.-dic. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-110211

RESUMO

El tatuaje por amalgama también conocido como pigmentación por amalgama, es el producto del depósito en el tejido conectivo subepitelialde residuos de amalgama resultado de procedimientos iatrogénicos por parte del odontólogo. La presentación clínica varía dependiendo de la profundidad a la que se alberguen las partículas en el tejido, radiográficamente se puede identificar la radiopacidad correspondiente al fragmento de amalgama, en los estudios histopatológicos se pueden observar las partículas de amalgama como gránulos oscuros, sólidos e irregulares dispuesto entre los haces de colágeno y vasos sanguíneo. El presente artículo refiere un peculiar caso de tatuaje por amalgama de tonalidades azules y negras que se extendió difusa e irregularmente en toda la mucosa vestibular desde el órgano dentario 21 hasta región premolar izquierda. Al realizar una cirugía periodontal exploratoria se detectó una gran porción de amalgama utilizada como material obturador y restaurador radicular del 21. Durante el procedimiento quirúrgico se cureteó y adelgazó la cara interna del colgajo mucoperióstico para tratar de disminuir el grado de pigmentación (AU)


Amalgam pigmentation or amalgam tattoo is the product of the deposit in the subepithelial connective tissue of amalgam was the iatrogenic result of procedures by the dentist. The clinical presentation varies depending on the depth at which the particles are housed in the tissue can be identified radiographically radiopacity fragment corresponding to the amalgam, histopathological studies particles can be observed as dark granules amalgam, provided solid, irregular between collagen bundles and blood vessels. The present article describes an unusual case of focal argyrosis shades of blue and black fuzzy and unevenly spread across the buccal mucosa from 21 to left premolar region. When performing exploratory periodontal surgery revealed a large portion of amalgam used as a restorative filling material and root of 21. During the surgical procedure and lost cureteo the inside of the mucoperiosteal flap to try to reduce the degree of pigmentation (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Amálgama Dentário/efeitos adversos , Tatuagem , Doença Iatrogênica , Transtornos da Pigmentação/etiologia
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