Application of Neutral Electrolyzed Water on pork chops and its impact on meat quality.

Physicochemical and microbiological properties of pork chops sprayed with Neutral Electrolyzed Water (NEW) were evaluated during storage at refrigeration temperature. Pork chops were randomly allocated into three groups and were artificially contaminated with an inoculum of 106 CFU/mL of Listeria monocytogenes. Each group was treated with either NEW (58 ppm), NaClO (35 ppm), or saline solution (SS). Subsequently, recovered bacteria were plated on TSA petri dishes and the reduction percentage of Listeria monocytogenes was calculated 24 h and 8 days after treatment. Physicochemical analysis [pH, content of lactic acid, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN)] were performed to evaluate the effect of all solutions used on pork meat kept at 4 °C for 19 days. In vitro NEW reduced L. monocytogenes titers by > 99.98% and 80.19% and 90.35% in artificially contaminated pork 24 h and 8 days after NEW treatment, respectively. Compared to the SS treatment, NEW and NaClO solutions caused a 0.67 Log UFC/g and 0.65 Log UFC/g reduction respectively. After eight days post-treatment, NEW and NaClO bacterial titers were below the SS treatment. NEW caused little color change in treated meat. It helped to reduce the formation of lactic acid and TVB-N when pork chops are kept at 4 °C for 19 days. Therefore, NEW could be considered as a new alternative to sanitize and preserve pork meat.

Analysis of Neutral Electrolyzed Water anti-bacterial activity on contaminated eggshells with Salmonella enterica or Escherichia coli.

Neutral Electrolyzed Water (NEW) was tested in vitro and on artificially contaminated eggs against Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica or Escherichia coli. The antibacterial effect was measured 30 s after treatment. NEW microbicide activity results were compared against 2% citric acid and 0.9% saline solutions. NEW caused an in vitro decrease in Salmonella titers by ˃5.56 Log10 CFU mL-1 and in artificially contaminated eggs by ˃1.45 Log10 CFU/egg. When it was tested against E. coli, it decreased in vitro bacterial titers by ˃3.28 Log10 CFU mL-1 and on artificially contaminated eggs by ˃6.39 Log10 CFU/egg. The 2% citric acid solution caused an in vitro decrease of 0.4 Log10 CFU mL-1 of Salmonella and E. coli and on eggs artificially contaminated with E. coli or Salmonella there was a decrease of 0.06 and 0.62 Log10 CFU/egg respectively. We evaluated egg cuticle integrity by scanning electron microscopy after treatments with evaluated solutions; the 2% citric acid solution caused damage to the cuticle and exposed eggshell pores and no interaction of NEW or NaCl with the cuticle was observed. NEW treatment showed a fast-bactericidal effect in vitro and table eggs.

The effect of neutral electrolyzed water as a disinfectant of eggshells artificially contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes.

Neutral electrolyzed water (NEW) was tested as a disinfectant against Listeria monocytogenes on the surface of table eggs. Eggs were collected from a single Bovans White flock and were exposed to L. monocytogenes. Artificially contaminated eggs were divided into three different treatment groups: NEW, 2% citric acid solution (CAS), and saline solution (SS). To evaluate the bactericidal effect, the Mexican norm for antimicrobial activity determination protocol was performed. The observed bactericidal effect was compared against those obtained from CAS and SS. Bacterial cells present on the eggshells were quantified. NEW exhibited a significantly higher bactericidal effect than CAS when evaluated on the surfaces of chicken eggshells (6.11 log10CFU/ml reduction in vitro and a 2.18 log10 CFU/egg reduction on eggs vs. 1.06 log10CFU/ml in vitro reduction and 1.74 log10CFU/egg). Additionally, CAS was found to react with the carbonate egg shield, resulting in a loss of cuticle integrity. Mineral content of NEW-treated eggshells was similar to SS-treated eggshells; however, CAS-treated eggshells showed a significant decrease in phosphorous concentration compared to NEW treatment. In this study, we demonstrated the effect of NEW and CAS on the integrity of the L. monocytogenes wall using transmission electron microscopy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the effect of NEW against L. monocytogenes on eggshells. Our results show that NEW is a viable alternative solution for the disinfection of table eggs that does not affect the cuticle or shell.

Farmacocinética y eficacia clínica del tianfenicol en pollo de engorda / Pharmacokinetic and clinical efficacy of thiamphenicol in poultry

Se determinaron las variables farmacocinéticas y la eficacia clínica del tianfenicol (TF) en pollo de engorda, para lo cual se utilizaron 60 pollos Arbor Acress de 500 g de peso corporal, divididos en tres grupos: Grupo 1, al que se le administró una dosis bolo única de 20 mg/kg de TF vía intravenosa, para obtener muestras sanguíneas a diferentes tiempos, y determinar la concentración sérica del TF por el método microbiológico de Bennet. Al segundo grupo se le administró TF en el alimento (20 mg/kg), y el tercer grupo recibió TF en el agua de bebida a razón de 400 ppm (20mg/kg). En la fase clínica, se utilizaron brotes clínicos de la enfermedad crónica respiratoria complicada por Escherichia coli y Mycoplasma en tres casetas de 49 000 pollos cada una, de tres semanas de edad, a los que se trató con TF en el agua de bebida de manera comparativa con otros antibacterianos; se estimó la ganancia de peso, conversión alimentaria y análisis de supervivencia. Los resultados revelaron que el TF posee un excelente volumen de distribución 2.8 1/kg, con una Cpmax de 28.8 m g/mL en el grupo medicado en el agua de bebida, y de 9.7 m g/mL el del alimento. En relación con su eficacia, ésta fue favorable al TF, sin haber diferencias significativas en las variables productivas respecto de los otros antibacterianos; por lo que se postula al TF como una excelente alternativa para la avicultura nacional.

Disminución del daño tisular inducido por la obstrucción intestinal experimental con nalozona y sylfóxido de dimetilo en perros / Use of naloxone and dimethyl sulfoxide to decrease tissue damage due to experimental intestinal obstruction in dogs

Después de la corrección de una obstrucción intestinal se producen radicales libres derivados del oxígeno, que se forman durante la isquemia y la reperfusión del área (síndrome de reperfusión). Para valorar hasta qué punto puede resolverse una obstrucción intestinal contrarrestando estos factores con medicamentos, se indujo una obstrucción intestinal a nivel del yeyuno en 10 perros, que se mantuvo durante 120 minutos. A los 110 minutos se administró una combinación de sulfóxido de dimetilo y naloxona con el objetivo de evaluar su eficacia para contrarrestar los efectos de la reperfusión. Los perros de dividieron en dos grupos de 5 animales cada uno: grupo testigo y grupo experimental. Al primer grupo se le administró solución salina fisiológica en cantidad equivalente al volumen administrado de fármacos que se les aplicó al segundo grupo, a este último se le suministró la combinación sulfóxido de dimetilo (a dosis de 1 g/kg de peso a una dilución de 10 por ciento) y naloxona (a dosis de 0.04 mg/kg de peso). Los resultados sugieren que dicha combinación puede ser eficaz para disminuir las lesiones provocadas por los radicales libres, también es eficaz para mejorar la condición del sujeto, al contrarrestar los efectos sistémicos de la reperfusión