Volumetric Assessment of Regenerative Efficacy of Demineralized Freeze-Dried Bone Allograft With or Without Amnion Membrane in Grade II Furcation Defects: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study.

Volumetric changes were evaluated to assess the regenerative efficacy of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) with and without amnion membrane (AM) in Grade II furcation defects both clinically and radiographically using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Sites were randomly assigned to Group I (DFDBA) and Group II (DFDBA + AM). Clinical parameters such as probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, gingival recession, and horizontal probing depth were assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Radiographic dimensions of the defect height, width, depth, and volume were assessed at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. DFDBA used with AM resulted in significant improvement in clinical and radiographic parameters when compared with DFDBA alone. The mean reductions in radiographic volume of the defect were 11.15 ± 6.39 mL for Group I and 17.02 ± 10.86 mL for Group II. Greater reduction in volume indicated a greater amount of healed regenerated tissue in Group II patients.

A rare case of schizencephaly in an adult with late presentation.

Schizencephaly, i.e., split brain, is a rare, congenital cerebral malformation. Magnetic resonance imaging is the best neuroimaging modality for its diagnosis. In literature, only few cases have been reported causing symptoms in adults. Symptomatic patients present as hemiparesis, developmental deficits to seizures. This condition is usually found at birth and presents during early years. Appropriate diagnosis of the disease is necessary to avoid incorrect treatment. Here, we present a rare case of left, unilateral, open lip schizencephaly in an adult patient presenting with partial seizures but with an asymptomatic childhood.

A comparative study of three commonly used two-dimensional overlay generation methods in bite mark analysis.

AIM: The present study attempts to compare the bite mark overlays generated by three different methods. The objectives of the study were to compare the three commonly used techniques for overlay generation and to evaluate the interobserver reliability in assessing bite marks by these methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Overlays were produced from the biting surfaces of six upper and six lower anterior teeth of 30 dental study models using the following three methods: (a) Hand tracing from wax impressions, (b) radiopaque impression method and (c) computer-based method. RESULTS: The computer-based method was found to be the most accurate method. Of the two hand tracing methods, radiopaque wax impression method was better than the wax impression method for overlay generation. CONCLUSIONS: It is recommended that forensic odontologists use computerized method, but the use of hand tracing overlays in bite mark comparison cases using radiopaque wax impression method can also be done where sophisticated software and trained persons in forensic odontology are not available.

Osteochondroma of Bilateral Mandibular Condyle with Review of Literature.

Osteochondroma (OC) is a common slow growing tumour of bone. This lesion is frequently seen in the axial skeleton and is relatively uncommon in oral and maxillofacial region. In facial bones, it usually affects the mandibular condyle followed by coronoid process. Very few cases of condylar osteocondroma have been reported in the literature. The aim of this article was to present an atypical case of osteochondroma of bilateral mandibular condyle in an asymptomatic patient and facilitate making an exact diagnosis of it. To the best of our knowledge this is the 2(nd) case of this type reported in literature.

A Clinical and Radiographic Assessment of Positional Variations of Gingival Papilla and Its Proportions.

In 60 healthy subjects, 720 interdental papilla sites in maxillary anterior teeth were investigated. Interdental papilla heights were measured from the gingival zenith along the clinical crown lengths. Radiovisiography was used to measure the relative bone length. Percentage of papilla height to crown length and radiographic bone length to crown length were computed and defined as papilla proportion (PP) and crestal papilla proportion (cPP), respectively. The overall mean mesial PP was 44.95 ± 6.80% and distal PP was 45.70 ± 7.87%. The total mean mesial cPP was 54.12 ± 9.50% and distal cPP was 54.95 ± 9.28%. Taken together, the cPP was around 55% and the PP was around 45% for all tooth groups.

Diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography in identification and postoperative evaluation of furcation defects.

BACKGROUND: Decision-making in periodontal therapeutics is critical and is influenced by accurate diagnosis of osseous defects, especially furcation involvement. Commonly used diagnostic methods such as clinical probing and conventional radiography have their own limitations. Hence, this study was planned to evaluate the dimensions of furcation defects clinically (pre- and post-surgery), intra-surgically, and by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) (pre- and post-surgery). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised a total of 200 Grade II furcation defects in forty patients, with a mean age of 38.05 ± 4.77 years diagnosed with chronic periodontitis which were evaluated clinically (pre- and post-surgically), by CBCT (pre- and post-surgically), and intrasurgically after flap reflection (40 defects in each). After the presurgical clinical and CBCT measurements, demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft was placed in the furcation defect and the flaps were sutured back. Six months later, these defects were evaluated by recording measurements clinically, i.e., postsurgery clinical measurements and also postsurgery CBCT measurements (40 defects each). RESULTS: Presurgery clinical measurements (vertical 6.15 ± 1.71 mm and horizontal 3.05 ± 0.84 mm) and CBCT measurements (vertical 7.69 ± 1.67 mm and horizontal 4.62 ± 0.77 mm) underestimated intrasurgery measurements (vertical 8.025 ± 1.67 mm and horizontal 4.82 ± 0.67 mm) in both vertical and horizontal aspects, and the difference was statistically not significant (vertical P = 1.000, 95% confidence interval [CI], horizontal P = 0.867, 95% CI). Further, postsurgery clinical measurements (vertical 2.9 ± 0.74 mm and horizontal 1.52 ± 0.59 mm) underestimated CBCT measurements (vertical 3.67 ± 1.17 mm and horizontal 2.45 ± 0.48 mm). There was statistically significant difference between presurgery clinical-presurgery CBCT (P < 0.0001, 95% CI) versus postsurgery clinical-postsurgery CBCT (P < 0.0001, 95% CI) values in both vertical and horizontal aspects. CONCLUSION: The use of CBCT appears to be prudent for accurate diagnosis of furcation defects in advanced periodontal diseases. Presurgical and postsurgical three-dimensional imaging enable the clinician to optimize treatment decisions and assess the quantum of healing more definitively.