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1.
Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol ; 71(1): 9-20, 2020 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32418372

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To compare sexual negotiation levels and self-efficacy in male condom use in men and women. METHODS: Comparative crosssectional study of undergraduate students carried out during the year 2018 in a private university in the city of Querétaro, Mexico. Non-probabilistic sampling was used. Measured variables included sociodemographic characteristics, risky sexual behaviors, negotiation skills and sexual self-efficacy for condom use. The Mann Whitney U test and non-parametric variance analysis (Kruskal - Wallis) were used. RESULTS: Overall, 270 students were enrolled; 89.6% of university students were sexually active; the mean age of sexual activity initiation was 15.41 years. The average reported number of sexual partners was 4.2. In each sexual relation, 27.8% had used a condom. Differences were found between men and women in terms of sexual negotiation styles in the avoidance (p=0.04) and accommodation (p<0.00) domains, with higher scores for men compared to women. Women scored higher for self-efficacy in condom use (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The young university students interviewed engage in risky sexual activities. Women exhibit greater sexual self-efficacy as well as better skills at negotiating condom use. Strengthening public policies targeted to the student population for the prevention of risky sexual behavior is needed. Further studies on interventions aimed at building strong sexual negotiation and self-efficacy among adolescents are required.


TITULO: DIFERENCIAS EN LOS ESTILOS DE NEGOCIACIÓN SEXUAL Y AUTOEFICACIA EN EL USO DEL CONDÓN EN HOMBRES Y MUJERES UNIVERSITARIOS DE QUERÉTARO, MÉXICO, 2018. OBJETIVO: comparar los niveles de negociación sexual y autoeficacia en el uso del condón masculino en hombres y mujeres. METODOS: estudio transversal de tipo comparativo en el que se incluyeron estudiantes de licenciatura de una universidad privada de la ciudad de Querétaro, México, durante el año 2018. Muestreo no probabilístico. Se midieron: características sociodemográficas, conductas sexuales de riesgo, habilidades de negociación y autoeficacia sexual para uso de condón. Se compararon los grupos mediante la prueba U de Mann Whitney y el análisis de varianza no paramétrico (Kruskal-Wallis). RESULTADOS: ingresaron 270 estudiantes, el 89,6 % de los universitarios tiene vida sexual activa, la edad promedio de inicio de vida sexual es a los 15,41 años; el promedio de parejas sexuales reportado es de 4,2. El 27,8 % ha usado condón en cada relación sexual. Se encontraron diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en los estilos de negociación sexual en los dominios de evitación (p = 0,04) y acomodación (p < 0,00), con puntajes más altos para los hombres en comparación con las mujeres. Respecto a la autoeficacia en el uso del condón, las mujeres son quienes puntúan más alto (p < 0,001). CONCLUSIONES: los jóvenes universitarios entrevistados tienen conductas sexuales de riesgo. Se requiere fortalecer las políticas públicas que faciliten la prevención de la conducta sexual de riesgo dirigidas a la población estudiantil. Es necesario realizar más estudios sobre intervenciones que fortalezcan las habilidades de negociación y la autoeficacia sexual en adolescentes.


Assuntos
Preservativos , Relações Interpessoais , Comunicação Persuasiva , Comportamento Sexual , Parceiros Sexuais/psicologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , México , Sexo Seguro/psicologia , Autoeficácia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , Universidades , Sexo sem Proteção/psicologia , Adulto Jovem
2.
Rev. colomb. obstet. ginecol ; 71(1): 9-20, Jan.-Mar. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1115616

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivo: comparar los niveles de negociación sexual y autoeficacia en el uso del condón masculino en hombres y mujeres. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal de tipo comparativo en el que se incluyeron estudiantes de licenciatura de una universidad privada de la ciudad de Querétaro, México, durante el año 2018. Mues- treo no probabilístico. Se midieron: características sociodemográficas, conductas sexuales de riesgo, habilidades de negociación y autoeficacia sexual para uso de condón. Se compararon los grupos mediante la prueba U de Mann Whitney y el análisis de varianza no paramétrico (Kruskal-Wallis). Resultados: ingresaron 270 estudiantes, el 89,6 % de los universitarios tiene vida sexual activa, la edad promedio de inicio de vida sexual es a los 15,41 años; el promedio de parejas sexuales reportado es de 4,2. El 27,8 % ha usado condón en cada relación sexual. Se encontraron diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en los estilos de negociación sexual en los dominios de evitación (p = 0,04) y acomodación (p < 0,00), con puntajes más altos para los hombres en comparación con las mujeres. Respecto a la autoeficacia en el uso del condón, las mujeres son quienes puntúan más alto (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: los jóvenes universitarios entrevistados tienen conductas sexuales de riesgo. Se requiere fortalecer las políticas públicas que faciliten la prevención de la conducta sexual de riesgo dirigidas a la población estudiantil. Es necesario realizar más estudios sobre intervenciones que fortalezcan las habilidades de negociación y la autoeficacia sexual en adolescentes.


ABSTRACT Objective: To compare sexual negotiation levels and self-efficacy in male condom use in men and women. Materials and methods: Comparative cross-sectional study of undergraduate students carried out during the year 2018 in a private university in the city of Querétaro, Mexico. Non-probabilistic sampling was used. Measured variables included sociodemographic characteristics, risky sexual behaviors, negotiation skills and sexual self-efficacy for condom use. The Mann Whitney U test and non-parametric variance analysis (Kruskal - Wallis) were used. Results: Overall, 270 students were enrolled; 89.6% of university students were sexually active; the mean age of sexual activity initiation was 15.41 years. The average reported number of sexual partners was 4.2. In each sexual relation, 27.8% had used a condom. Differences were found between men and women in terms of sexual negotiation styles in the avoidance (p=0.04) and accommodation (p<0.00) domains, with higher scores for men compared to women. Women scored higher for self-efficacy in condom use (p<0.001). Conclusions: The young university students interviewed engage in risky sexual activities. Women exhibit greater sexual self-efficacy as well as better skills at negotiating condom use. Strengthening public policies targeted to the student population for the prevention of risky sexual behavior is needed. Further studies on interventions aimed at building strong sexual negotiation and self-efficacy among adolescents are required.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Comportamento Sexual , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Preservativos , Autoeficácia , México
3.
Interv. psicosoc. (Internet) ; 24(1): 1-7, ene.-abr. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-140410

RESUMO

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar las propiedades psicométricas (estructura, validez factorial y consistencia interna) de un instrumento para medir la autoeficacia ante conductas de riesgo en adolescentes mexicanos. Participaron en el estudio 850 jóvenes, entre 13 y 21 años de edad, estudiantes de bachillerato de la Ciudad de México. El análisis psicométrico para determinar la validez de constructo reveló seis dimensiones: autoeficacia ante el consumo de alcohol, tabaco, drogas, conducta sexual, daños a la salud y conducta antisocial. La confiabilidad mostró un nivel óptimo para cada factor. Adicionalmente la validez factorial tuvo un buen ajuste a la muestra. La discusión analiza la utilidad de la escala para la evaluación de la autoeficacia ante conductas de riesgo en diferentes situaciones y contextos


The objective of this research was to analyze the psychometric properties (structure, factorial validity, and reliability) of the scale for measuring self-efficacy to avoid behavior risk in Mexican adolescents. The sample consisted of 850 teenagers aged between 13 and 21 years, students of public high schools in Mexico City. The psychometric analysis showed six factors: self-efficacy to avoid tobacco consumption, alcohol drinking, drug use, sexual behavior, health injury, and antisocial behavior. The reliability analysis showed an optimal level for each factor. Additionally, the results indicated the factorial validity of self-efficacy to avoid behavior risk. The discussion analyzes the utility for self-efficacy assessment, and intervention development implications are suggested


Assuntos
Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Psicometria/instrumentação , Autoeficácia , Assunção de Riscos , Comportamento Perigoso , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
4.
Interv. psicosoc. (Internet) ; 21(3): 245-257, sept.-dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-107093

RESUMO

Una de las actividades de la psicología es promover el cambio positivo en la conducta de las personas. El artículo muestra el uso de la teoría para cambiar la conducta por medio del diseño de mensajes efectivos de cambio conductual y del desarrollo de programas de intervención psicosocial. El modelo bajo estudio incorpora determinantes de cambio conductual como son la autoeficacia, las habilidades, la disposición y la intención conductual (MAHDI). El artículo describe la teoría a utilizar, muestra cómo se puede aplicar en la selección de conductas ambientales, así como su apropiada aplicación en estrategias de intervención complementaria que incluyan análisis de necesidades, desarrollo de programas, aplicación de estudio piloto, implementación, mercadotecnia social y evaluación. Por último, se muestra cómo la teoría puede ser aplicada en intervenciones para jóvenes (AU)


One of the activities of psychology is to promote positive change in personal behavior. This article show the usefulness of the theory for behavior change through design effective messages to behavioral change and development programs of psychosocial intervention. The theoretical model focuses in factors of behavioral changing: self-efficacy, skills, disposition and intention (MAHDI). The article describes the theory, shows how they can be applied to the selection environmental behavior, as well as their appropriate application in complementary intervention strategies that includes needs analysis, development and piloting program, applicability, social marketing and evaluation. Finally, how the theory can contribute to design youth intervention programs is discussed (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Estilo de Vida Saudável , Autoeficácia , Educação em Saúde Ambiental/métodos , Alteração Ambiental , Teoria Psicológica , Planejamento Social , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções
5.
Adicciones ; 22(4): 325-30, 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21152851

RESUMO

The objective of this research was to obtain, in a structural equation model, the factorial validity of smoking-related self-efficacy, as well as its structural association with behavior and smoking intention. The sample was made up of 1012 young people aged 14 to 22 (mean 16.76) from public high schools in Mexico City. These young people filled out a questionnaire that assessed tobacco use (current smokers' age at first cigarette, smoking frequency and quantity of cigarettes smoked). They were also asked about intention to smoke in the future. Self-efficacy was assessed using items that measured one's capacity to avoid smoking. The results indicated the factorial validity of the smoking-related self-efficacy measure in this sample. Structural equation modeling analyses suggested (X²= 113.319, p<.001; CFI= .99; NFI= .99; GFI= .95; RMSEA= .05) that those young people with lower confidence in their ability to avoid smoking would have higher levels of smoking intention and smoking behavior; moreover, intention to smoke in the future predicts level of smoking. The discussion analyzes the utility of the results for the assessment of self-efficacy, as well as the clinical implications for the people in treatment.


Assuntos
Intenção , Autoeficácia , Fumar/psicologia , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Teóricos , Adulto Jovem
6.
Adicciones (Palma de Mallorca) ; 22(4): 325-330, oct.-dic. 2010. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-84253

RESUMO

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue obtener en un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, la validez factorial de la autoeficacia ante el consumo de tabaco, así como su relación estructural con la conducta e intención tabáquica. Se seleccionó una muestra de 1012 jóvenes entre 14 y 22 años de la Ciudad de México. La conducta de fumar se midió considerando la edad de inicio del consumo de tabaco, la frecuencia y la cantidad de consumo. Además se preguntó la probabilidad de fumar cigarros en un futuro. La autoeficacia se evaluó con ítems que reflejan la capacidad para evitar consumir cigarros. Los resultados mostraron validez factorial de la medida de autoeficacia en esta muestra. El análisis de modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (X2= 113.319, p<0.001;CFI= 0.99; NFI= .99; GFI= 0.95; RMSEA= 0.05) sugiere que los jóvenes que tienen una menor capacidad para evitar consumir tabaco tendrán una mayor intención y conducta de fumar, además la intención futura de fumar predice su consumo. La discusión analiza la utilidad de los resultados para la evaluación de la autoeficacia en adolescentes, así como las implicaciones clínicas para las personas que se encuentran en tratamiento (AU)


The objective of this research was to obtain, in a structural equation model, the factorial validity of smoking-related self-efficacy, as well as its structural association with behavior and smoking intention. The sample was made up of 1012 young people aged 14 to 22 (mean 16.76) from public high schools in Mexico City. These young people filled out a questionnaire that assessed tobacco use (current smokers’ age at first cigarette, smoking frequency and quantity of cigarettes smoked). They were also asked about intention to smoke in the future. Self-efficacy was assessed using items that measured one’s capacity to avoid smoking. The results indicated the factorial validity of the smoking-related self-efficacy measure in this sample. Structural equation modeling analyses suggested (X2= 113.319, p<0.001; CFI= 0.99; NFI= 0.99; GFI= 0.95; RMSEA= 0.05) that those young people with lower confidence in their ability to avoid smoking would have higher levels of smoking intention and smoking behavior; moreover, intention to smoke in the future predicts level of smoking. The discussion analyzes the utility of the results for the assessment of self efficacy, as well as the clinical implications for the people in treatment (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Fumar/psicologia , Autoeficácia , Intenção , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Comportamento Aditivo/psicologia , Análise Fatorial
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