Rationalisation of the caesarean section rate in a tertiary referral hospital using the Robson classification.

The aim of this study was to implement the Robson Ten Groups Classification System (RTGCS) to identify the main contributors to the caesarean section (CS) rate and to evaluate whether the introduction of a plan of obstetrical interventions reduced this rate. An observational retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted during two time periods at Alicante University General Hospital. In the pre-implementation period (2009-2012), RTGCS was applied to identify the main groups contributing to the overall CS rate. In the post-implementation period (2013-2017), RTGCS was applied again to identify changing trends in CS rates. In all, 11,034 deliveries during the pre-intervention period and 11,453 during the post-intervention period were analysed. The overall CS rate was 23.9% and 20.9%, respectively. There were no changes in perinatal outcomes. In the post-intervention period, there was a significant decrease of the CS rate in the groups of targeted interventions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8B.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? High CS rates are becoming a public health problem because of risks, costs, excessive medicalisation, and abuse of resources. RTGCS provides a framework for auditing and analysing CS rates.What do the results of this study add? RTGCS can identify the groups that have the greatest impact on the CS rate and monitor changes in it consequent to policy changes.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice? The introduction of a strategic plan with evidence-based clinical interventions may have a greater effect on the CS rate than other features justifying the increase in the incidence of CS.

Frecuencia de episiotomías en un hospital de tercer nivel / Frequency of episiotomy in a third-level hospital

OBJETIVO: Determinar la frecuencia y correlación de las episiotomías y desgarros en pacientes con parto eutócico. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional y retrospectivo efectuado en el Hospital General Universitario de Alicante en dos periodos: 1) 2008-2012 y 2) 2013-2018. Se incluyen los partos eutócicos de embarazos únicos, a término, en presentación cefálica. Variables de estudio: episiotomía, desgarro, edad, semanas de embarazo, paridad, inducción del parto, cesárea anterior, analgesia regional, peso y sexo del recién nacido. Los resultados se expresan en porcentaje, coeficiente de correlación y las variables implicadas con razón de momios (RM). RESULTADOS: La tasa de episiotomía entre el periodo 1 vs el 2 disminuyó de manera muy importante: de 42.3 a 32.8%; [p < 0.001; RM: 0.81 (0.78-0.84)]. En cambio, el porcentaje de desgarros aumentó: de 42.7 a 50.8%; (p < 0.001; RM: 1.16[1.13-1.20]). El coeficiente de correlación fue de -0.91. Uno de los factores de riesgo asociados con la episiotomía fue la edad menor de 35 años, con RM de 1.25; IC95%: 1.16-1.35; p < 0.001, pero fue un factor protector de desgarros con RM de 0.76; IC95%: 0.71-0.81; p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONES: La tendencia de la episiotomía es decreciente, mientras que la de desgarro es inversamente proporcional. No se encontraron diferencias en la tasa de desgarro de III y IV grado.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and correlation of episiotomies and tears of patients with eutocic deliveries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational and retrospective study carried out at the Hospital General de Alicante, Spain, in two periods: 1) 2008-2012 and 2) 2013-2018. Eutocic deliveries of single pregnancies, at term, in cephalic presentation are included. Study variables: episiotomies, tear, age, weeks of pregnancy, parity, labor induction, previous caesarean section, regional analgesia, weight and sex of the newborn. The results are expressed as a percentage, correlation coefficient and the variables involved with odds ratio. RESULTS: The episiotomy rate between period 1 vs. 2 decreased very significantly: 42.3% vs 32.8%; [p <0.001; OR: 0.81 (0.78-0.84)]. In contrast, the percentage of index tears: 42.7% vs 50.8%; (p <0.001; OR: 1.16 [1.13-1.20]). The correlation coefficient was -0.91. Regarding risk factors associated with episiotomy, one of them was the age under 35 years with an OR (95% CI): 1.25 (1.16-1.35; p <0.001), but it was a OR protective factor (95% CI): 0.76 (0.71-0.81; p <0.001) for the appearance of tears. CONCLUSIONS: The tendency in the realization of episiotomies is decreasing, while the tendency of the appearance of tears is inversely proportional. No differences were found in the tear rate of III and IV grade.

Hamartoma perineal congénito con malformación genital y anorrectal, asociado a alteración genética: duplicidad del gen TGIF2LX / Congenital perineal hamartoma with genital and anorectal malformation associated with genetic alteraction: duplicity of the TGIF2LX gene

Se presenta el caso de una gestante de 29 años, en la que en la ecografía de la semana 20 se evidencia un varón con genitales externos ambiguos, sospecha de hipospadias y una masa perineal, con el resto de hallazgos normales. La amniocentesis informa de cariotipo 46 XY normal y microarray CGH con duplicidad del gen TGIF2LX, cuya expresión es testicular y su función parece relacionada con la espermatogénesis, y también duplicidad de su gen homólogo TGIF2LY, cuya significación es desconocida. El seguimiento prenatal es normal, con persistencia de la alteración en genitales externos. Al nacimiento se detecta hipospadias con meato en linea media, escroto bífido y masa de consistencia blanda de 4 cm con apéndice cutáneo, asociado a fístula rectoperineal. Las pruebas de imagen indican que se trata de una masa perineal exófitica de 2,2 x 4 cm, de apariencia grasa con nódulo sólido de 1,4 cm en su interior, que podría corresponder a tumor de estirpe grasa de aspecto benigno. Intervenido para resección de la masa a los 11 días de vida, anorrectoplastia posterior y localización de neoano mediante neuroestimulación. El diagnóstico anatomopatológico es hamartoma perineal congénito, con músculo liso, cartílago maduro y tejido adiposo, sin evidencia de malignidad. El postoperatorio precisa de dilataciones anales hasta conseguir defecación espontánea, pero en general es normoevolutivo. El hamartoma perineal congénito es un tumor raro y casi siempre aparece asociado a alguna malformación genital o anorrectal, pero no hay publicaciones que describan correlación con alteraciones genéticas, como podría ser nuestro caso

We present the case of a 29 years old patient, in which the ultrasound of week 20 shows a male with ambiguous external genitals, suspected hypospadias and a perineal mass, with the rest of normal findings. Amniocentesis reports normal 46 XY karyotype and CGH microarray with duplicity of the TGIF2LX gene, whose expression is testicular and its function seems related to spermatogenesis, and also duplicity of its homologous gene TGIF2LY, whose significance is unknown. The prenatal follow-up is normal, with persistence of the alteration in external genitals. At birth, hypospadias was detected with a midline meatus, bifid scrotum, and a soft consistency mass of 4 cm with cutaneous appendage, associated with rectoperineal fistula. The imaging tests indicate an exophytic perineal mass of 2.2 x 4 cm, with a greasy appearance and a solid nodule measuring 1.4 cm inside, which could correspond to a benign-looking fat line tumor. Intervened for resection of the mass at 11 days of life, posterior anoreplasty and neoano localization by neurostimulation. The anatomopathological diagnosis is congenital perineal hamartoma, with smooth muscle, mature cartilage and adipose tissue, without evidence of malignancy. The postoperative period requires anal dilations until spontaneous defecation, but in general it is normal. The congenital perineal hamartoma is a rare tumor and almost always appears associated with some genital or anorectal malformation, but there are not publications that describe correlation with genetic alterations, how could our case be