RESUMO
Guidelines published by the American College of Gastroenterologists suggest that African Americans (AA) begin preventive screening at the age of 45 years due to increased risk of colorectal cancer. This study examines characteristics associated with having fecal occult blood tests (FOBT), sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy among adults aged 45-75 years. Using cross-sectional data from the 2007 Health Information National Trends Survey, the sample included 3,725 participants (mean age = 59.01 ± 8.41), with 59.8% female, 88.8% Caucasian, and 11.2% AA. Binary logistic regression with interactions between race, gender, and age entered in block 2 revealed that odds of having FOBT, colonoscopy, or sigmoidoscopy were increased among older individuals with higher education. Fecal occult blood test was higher among women and those with insurance. Colonoscopy was higher among those with insurance and higher income. Having a sigmoidoscopy was more likely among those with higher income but was lower among AA men. Understanding the characteristics of individuals who participate in colorectal cancer screenings may contribute to the development of interventions geared toward those who do not, particularly AA men who are at greatest risk for colorectal morbidity and mortality.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais/etnologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/prevenção & controle , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde/etnologia , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Programas de Rastreamento/psicologia , Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Colonoscopia/métodos , Colonoscopia/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação das Necessidades , Sangue Oculto , Medição de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Sigmoidoscopia/métodos , Sigmoidoscopia/estatística & dados numéricos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
This column employs a case study approach to examine the application of the circle of caring model in actual nursing practice as it pertains to a medication education teaching plan for a cardiac transplant patient. The circle of caring model is applied by experienced registered nurses. The tailored medication education plan is based on the patient's conceptualized database, understanding patient responses, using a holistic/broadened approach to therapeutics, and considering the patient's views of outcomes. Individualized teaching plans improve patient adherence to complicated medication regimens, thus improving long-term quality of life and survival in transplant recipients.
