[Severe acute intoxication treated in the intensive care unit in 1986-1997]. / Intoxicaciones agudas graves en un servicio de medicina intensiva (1986-1997).

BACKGROUND: To ascertain the epidemiology of the severe acute intoxications in an intensive care unit and to assess the PCR prognosis and death rate related to the different toxic substances. METHODS: Retrospective study conducted in the 10-bed polyvalent intensive care unit at a General Hospital for adult care. Study conducted over a 12-year period. Review of the clinical histories of the patients admitted as a result of severe acute intoxications. Data was gathered regarding demographic aspects. PCR at admission, need to VM, complications of the severe acute intoxications and death rate for the series. An overall as well as a year-by-year analysis was conducted. The data was processed statistically employing the SPSS package using the Student "t" or the Chi-square, taking values as being significant if p < 0.05. RESULTS: 233 subjects, 130 of whom were males, were included in this study. The average stay totaled 4 days. Sixty-three percent (63%) of the patients were under 40 years of age (p < 0.05). The most frequent type of intoxication was that caused by one single medication (72%). The survival rate following the PCR was 40% (4/10). The overall death rate totaled 5.6% (n = 13), 92% of the subjects who later died having been required VM at some point in time during their stay in the intensive care unit. CONCLUSIONS: In our environment, the most frequent type of intoxication is that which is caused by medication. The death rate has been revealed to depend upon the intentional aspect, however as being independent of the type of toxic substance (medication or non-medication). The PCR related to severe acute intoxication has a better prognosis for our series than that related to other diseases and disorders. The VM for severe acute intoxications has a low death rate (15.7%).

[Tetanus in the Murcia region: the clinico-epidemiological characteristics of 150 cases]. / Tétanos en la Región de Murcia: características clínico-epidemiológicas de 150 casos.

150 tetanus cases registered on the region of Murcia have been retrospectively analyzed, they have been collected from the patients admitted at a Intensive Care Unit during a period of 18 years; the clinical together with the epidemiological features, as well as their variations, have been studied through out the years. The impact of a vaccination program in adults which was performed in our region during 1981 has been also evaluated in relationship with the incidence of disease and the economical cost of it. Incidence remained homogeneous until 1982, from that date on a sudden decrease on the number of cases was observed, related with the vaccination program [Period previous to the vaccination program: mean 10 cases/year, versus 5 cases/year since it was started (p < 0.001)]. Regarding the epidemiological characteristics, it is remarkable the shift of the disease toward a more advanced age of onset together with a predominance on females beginning in 1978, but without reaching statically significance. More frequent route of infection is nowadays the intramuscular suppurative injection. Besides this fact the severity of the cases have been increasing (from 59% to 71%, p < 0.005), which has determined that the global mortality of the disease remains almost the same (38%). Mortality has no relationship with age, but is related with being a female (p < 0.05), with intramuscular injection as route of infection (p < 0.025), with the clinical stage (p < 0.001) and with a short incubation period (p < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)