RESUMO
Menopause and postmenopause are increasingly defined as a period of health risks that require medical and pharmacological treatment. A social construction of menopause as risk is taking place in popular culture and in the medical field and implies a medicalization of women's lives.
Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Cultura , Menopausa , Filosofia Médica , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Menopausal and postmenopausal women are a targeted consumer group in the promotion of hormone drugs. The marketing of these pharmaceutical products aims directly at prescribing medical professionals and indirectly at women. The promotion seems intended to creating a collective consciousness that women over 40 need medical and pharmacological treatment.
Assuntos
Publicidade , Climatério , Cultura , Terapia de Reposição de Estrogênios , Indústria Farmacêutica , Terapia de Reposição de Estrogênios/economia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Padrões de Prática MédicaRESUMO
The experiences of diethylstilbestrol (DES), used as a medication for pregnant women, provide a panorama of the effects of an elevated exposure to xenoestrogens during the development of a fetus. DES was common as pregnancy medication in North America, and several European countries from the 1950s into the 1970s. It may still be prescribed as pregnancy medication in Third World countries. DES exposure in utero has been shown to have carcinogenic, teratogenic and reproductive effects. The medical community needs to be alerted to appropriate treatment of patients exposed in utero to elevated levels of estrogens.
Assuntos
Dietilestilbestrol/efeitos adversos , Estrogênios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/induzido quimicamente , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/induzido quimicamente , Complicações na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Adulto , Países em Desenvolvimento , Dietilestilbestrol/uso terapêutico , Controle de Medicamentos e Entorpecentes , Estrogênios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , América do Norte , GravidezAssuntos
Dietilestilbestrol , Metanálise como Assunto , Literatura de Revisão como Assunto , Dietilestilbestrol/efeitos adversos , Dietilestilbestrol/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Pesquisa , SegurançaRESUMO
This article is a report based on presentations at the symposium Effects of Diethylstilbestrol (DES) Medication during Pregnancy at the conference Reproductive Life, 10th International Congress of The International Society of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology (ISPOG) in Stockholm, Sweden June 14-17, 1992. The objective of this symposium, chaired by Eylard van Hall and Ingar Palmlund, was to provide the basis for a discussion of how the risks of DES had been evaluated in different countries. In the general discussion following the presentations everybody present expressed concerns that DES might still be given to pregnant women in many parts of the world, called for measures to alert medical professionals world-wide to the hazards of the use of DES, and requested measures to effect an international ban of DES in medication for pregnant women.
Assuntos
Países em Desenvolvimento , Dietilestilbestrol/efeitos adversos , Padrões de Prática Médica , Gravidez/efeitos dos fármacos , Anormalidades Induzidas por Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Adenocarcinoma/induzido quimicamente , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiologia , Uso de Medicamentos , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Padrões de Prática Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Padrões de Prática Médica/tendências , Complicações na Gravidez/induzido quimicamente , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The risks of estrogens are a matter of concern both within the the medical community and in society at large. Estrogen products are a technology in manu medici. They have been prescribed and used in medical practice for over 180 bodily conditions. Experimentation with estrogens has from the 1930s been accompanied with warnings of the risks of cancer and other disease. Successively evidence of iatrogenic disease due to estrogens has accumulated but total consensus has not yet been reached. The social interaction over the risks of estrogens within the medical community as well as in society at large is described. The societal evaluation of the risks of estrogens reveals that not only factual data but also values and culture influence the evaluation of medical technology.